scholarly journals The impact of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms (rs2106809 and rs2074192) on gender susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and recovery: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 166-179
Author(s):  
Ahmed Suleiman ◽  
Tamadher Rafaa ◽  
Ali Al­rawi ◽  
Mustafa Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
The Impact

Background: Epidemiological studies revealed there is a difference in susceptibility to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of differences in gender with age and males being more inflicted. There is a clear indication that deaths caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in males appeared at a higher rate than females across 35 nations. The implication of associated disease-risk genes, involved in the susceptibility of COVID-19 such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has recently received considerable attention due to their role in severe injury of lung and mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry as a host receptor. Objectives: Herein, we aimed to systematically review how two main genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 (rs2106809 and rs2074192) can affect the gender susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: To conduct this systematic review, a literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Nature was made for the period 2004 to 2020. We searched for the impact of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms (rs2106809 and rs2074192) on gender susceptibility. Results: We noticed that there was a differential genotype distribution between males and females in various global populations whereas mutant variants were common in males compared to wild-type variants among females, which may reflect differences in gender susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Females are less susceptible to coronavirus as compare to males because of the expression of ACE2 receptor. It has a double role in favour of COVID-19 and against COVID-19. Conclusions: Male mortality is greater than female mortality, which might be attributed to the ACE2 deficiency in women. Epidemiological studies have shown that the differences in sex and age have different susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The impact of probiotic supplementation on metabolic health in healthy women of reproductive age: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 10279-10289
Author(s):  
David F. Byrne ◽  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Cara A. Yelverton ◽  
Eileen F. Murphy ◽  
Douwe Van Sinderen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Impact

Products containing probiotics are targeted at healthy or at-risk individuals as a preventative measure to minimise disease risk.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Biological Variation of Human Serum Paraoxonase 1 Activity and Polymorphism (Q192R) by Kinetic Enzyme Assay

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W Browne ◽  
Stephen T Koury ◽  
Susan Marion ◽  
Gregory Wilding ◽  
Paola Muti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Genotype Assignment

Abstract Background: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) phenotype is a better predictor of atherosclerosis risk than are PON1 genetic polymorphisms alone. Larger studies are required to determine the role of PON1 and there is a need for standardized PON1 assays between laboratories. Methods: We have adapted 5 enzyme kinetic assays for high-throughput automated analysis of PON1 activity. Using different substrates and reaction conditions, we measured PON1 activity and used activity ratios to identify the PON1 Q192R genetic polymorphisms and assessed the accuracy of the genotype assignments in 79 adult study participants by comparing them with genotypes determined by AlwI restriction enzyme digestion of a 176-bp PCR amplification product from genomic DNA. Imprecision was determined using pooled serum and purified enzyme preparations. Biological variability was estimated by analysis of serial samples from 17 individuals. Variability parameters were compared with total cholesterol as a point of reference to a recognized biomarker of coronary heart disease risk. Results: Salt stimulation and inhibition ratios were 97.4% and 94.7% correct in assigning Q192R genotype, respectively. Analytical imprecision (CV) was 1.0%–3.0% for phenylacetate and paraoxon substrate assays and 3.0%–8.0% for the para-nitrophenylacetate substrate assays. Combination of the 2 ratios into a double ratio resulted in 100% correct genotype classification. Conclusion: The described methods for measurement of PON1 activity and accurate genotype assignment are rapid and have potential to facilitate the efficient investigation of PON1 status in clinical and epidemiological studies.

The impact of genetic polymorphisms on CYP1A2 activity in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nut Koonrungsesomboon ◽  
Rapheephorn Khatsri ◽  
Penwisa Wongchompoo ◽  
Supanimit Teekachunhatean
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cyp1a2 Activity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Volatile organic compounds and risk of asthma and allergy: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (135) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulugbek B. Nurmatov ◽  
Nara Tagiyeva ◽  
Sean Semple ◽  
Graham Devereux ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
The Impact

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous domestic pollutants. Their role in asthma/allergy development and exacerbations is uncertain. This systematic review investigated whether domestic VOC exposure increases the risk of developing and/or exacerbating asthma and allergic disorders.We systematically searched 11 databases and three trial repositories, and contacted an international panel of experts to identify published and unpublished experimental and epidemiological studies.8455 potentially relevant studies were identified; 852 papers were removed after de-duplication, leaving 7603 unique papers that were screened. Of these, 278 were reviewed in detail and 53 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Critical appraisal of the included studies indicated an overall lack of high-quality evidence and substantial risk of bias in this body of knowledge. Aromatics (i.e. benzenes, toluenes and xylenes) and formaldehyde were the main VOC classes studied, both in relation to the development and exacerbations of asthma and allergy. Approximately equal numbers of studies reported that exposure increased risks and that exposure was not associated with any detrimental effects.The available evidence implicating domestic VOC exposure in the risk of developing and/or exacerbating asthma and allergy is of poor quality and inconsistent. Prospective, preferably experimental studies, investigating the impact of reducing/eliminating exposure to VOC, are now needed in order to generate a more definitive evidence base to inform policy and clinical deliberations in relation to the management of the now substantial sections of the population who are either at risk of developing asthma/allergy or living with established disease.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and the Risk of Gallbladder Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 788-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagfinn Aune ◽  
Michael Leitzmann ◽  
Lars Johan Vatten
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Response Analysis

Background:Physical activity has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of gallbladder disease (gallstones, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy); however, results from epidemiological studies have not always shown statistically significant associations. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the presence and strength of an association between physical activity and gallbladder disease risk.Methods:PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of physical activity and gallbladder disease up to 9th of January 2015. Prospective studies reporting relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gallbladder disease associated with physical activity were included. Summary RRs were estimated using a random effects model.Results:Eight studies including 6958 cases and 218,204 participants were included. The summary RR for the highest versus the lowest level of physical activity was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.69–0.81, n = 8) and there was no evidence of heterogeneity, I2 = 0%). In the dose-response analysis the summary relative risk per 20 MET-hours of activity was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80–0.90, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for leisure-time physical activity, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76–0.90, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for vigorous physical activity, and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76–0.98, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for nonvigorous physical activity.Conclusion:Our analysis confirms a protective effect of physical activity on risk of gallbladder disease.

scholarly journals New perspectives on bioactivity of olive oil: evidence from animal models, human interventions and the use of urinary proteomic biomarkers

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Silva ◽  
E. Combet ◽  
M. E. Figueira ◽  
T. Koeck ◽  
W. Mullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

Olive oil (OO) is the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet and has been associated with longevity and a lower incidence of chronic diseases, particularly CHD. Cardioprotective effects of OO consumption have been widely related with improved lipoprotein profile, endothelial function and inflammation, linked to health claims of oleic acid and phenolic content of OO. With CVD being a leading cause of death worldwide, a review of the potential mechanisms underpinning the impact of OO in the prevention of disease is warranted. The current body of evidence relies on mechanistic studies involving animal and cell-based models, epidemiological studies of OO intake and risk factor, small- and large-scale human interventions, and the emerging use of novel biomarker techniques associated with disease risk. Although model systems are important for mechanistic research nutrition, methodologies and experimental designs with strong translational value are still lacking. The present review critically appraises the available evidence to date, with particular focus on emerging novel biomarkers for disease risk assessment. New perspectives on OO research are outlined, especially those with scope to clarify key mechanisms by which OO consumption exerts health benefits. The use of urinary proteomic biomarkers, as highly specific disease biomarkers, is highlighted towards a higher translational approach involving OO in nutritional recommendations.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina-Fineta Chiriac ◽  
Adriana Baban ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Breast cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Stress is an imminent risk factor with a documented negative impact on neuro-endocrine and immune system.  Numerous epidemiological studies have investigated the link between stress and cancer, reporting contradictory results from no association to a close causal link. The impact of the topic and the lack of conclusion compelled this systematic review.Methods. A systematic review was carried out, including all literature studies from 1966 to 2016, investigating the relationship between stress and the occurrence of breast cancer. Of the 1813 articles identified in the PubMed/Medline database, 52 were eligible and included in the analysis.Results. A number of 17 retrospective, 20 limited prospective and 15 prospective studies were analyzed. The number of patients exceeded 29,000, for a total number of more than 700.000 women recruited from hospital, screening cohorts or population registers. We identified 26 positive articles linking personal traits, stressful events and breast cancer, 18 negative articles that did not confirm their hypothesis and 8 articles that could not be classified. Facing heterogeneity, all possible misguiding factors such as: study design, information gathering, stress type, moment of exposure, individual susceptibility and personality, were discussed independently.Conclusions. Qualitative analysis of articles has revealed a possible association between stress and cancer, especially regarding stressful life events. In the absence of a meta-analysis and taking into account the methodological heterogeneity of the studies, the results are difficult to interpret and the role of chance is difficult to exclude.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ambient Environmental Conditions on COVID-19 Mortality: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6665
Author(s):  
Karla Romero Starke ◽  
René Mauer ◽  
Ethel Karskens ◽  
Anna Pretzsch ◽  
David Reissig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
The Impact

Weather conditions may have an impact on SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission, as has been shown for seasonal influenza. Virus transmission most likely favors low temperature and low humidity conditions. This systematic review aimed to collect evidence on the impact of temperature and humidity on COVID-19 mortality. This review was registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42020196055). We searched the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane COVID-19 databases for observational epidemiological studies. Two independent reviewers screened the title/abstracts and full texts of the studies. Two reviewers also performed data extraction and quality assessment. From 5051 identified studies, 11 were included in the review. Although the results were inconsistent, most studies imply that a decrease in temperature and humidity contributes to an increase in mortality. To establish the association with greater certainty, future studies should consider accurate exposure measurements and important covariates, such as government lockdowns and population density, sufficient lag times, and non-linear associations.

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