scholarly journals Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to First-Line Anti-TB Drugs in Kaduna State, North-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
M. S Aliyu ◽  
◽  
I. Garba ◽  
M. B. Tijjani ◽  
M. H. I. Doko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
First Line ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perpetual Wangui Ndung'u ◽  
Samuel Kariuki ◽  
Zipporah Ng'ang'a ◽  
Gunturu Revathi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Introduction: In Kenya, which ranks thirteenth of 27 high tuberculosis burden countries, diagnosis is based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining alone and patients are treated without information on sensitivity patterns. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary samples.Methodology: Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi were randomly sampled after informed consent and recruited into the study using a structured questionnaire. Specimens were cultured in liquid and solid media, and drug susceptibility tests were performed for first-line drugs including (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide). Results: Eighty-six (30%) of 286 isolates were resistant to at least one of five antibiotics tested. Thirty-seven (30.2%) isolates were resistant to isoniazid; 15 (11.6%) to streptomycin; 13 (4.5%) to ethambutol; four (1.4%) to rifampin ; and 30 (10.4%) to pyrazinamide. Double resistance was seen as follows: four (1.4%) isolates were resistant to both isoniazid and pyrazinamide; four (1.4%) to streptomycin and isoniazid; and one (0.3%) to rifampin and streptomycin. Two isolates (0.7%) were multidrug resistant, and one was triple resistant with an additional resistance to ethambutol. Results also showed 88.7% of patients were below the age of 40 years, while 26.3% were HIV positive. The majority of the patients (66.5%) were unemployed or self-employed in small businesses, with 79.4% earning less than 100 USD per month.Conclusion: The high resistance observed in isoniazid, which is a first-line drug, could result in an increase in multidrug resistance unless control programs are strengthened. Poverty should be addressed to reduce infection rates.

scholarly journals First-Line Drug Resistance Patterns of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Complex Isolates from Re-Treatment Patients from Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muatsim Ahmed Mohammed Adam ◽  
Hamdan Mustafa Hamdan Ali ◽  
Eltahir Awad Gasim Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
First Line ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Line Drug

scholarly journals Genomic Variations in Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Collected from Patients with Different Localization of Infection

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Chernyaeva ◽  
Mikhail Rotkevich ◽  
Ksenia Krasheninnikova ◽  
Alla Lapidus ◽  
Dmitrii E. Polev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly studied pathogen due to public health importance. Despite this, problems like early drug resistance, diagnostics and treatment success prediction are still not fully resolved. Here, we analyze the incidence of point mutations widely used for drug resistance detection in laboratory practice and conduct comparative analysis of whole-genome sequence (WGS) for clinical M. tuberculosis strains collected from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (XPTB) localization. A total of 72 pulmonary and 73 extrapulmonary microbiologically characterized M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from patients from 2007 to 2014 in Russia. Genomic DNA was used for WGS and obtained data allowed identifying major mutations known to be associated with drug resistance to first-line and second-line antituberculous drugs. In some cases previously described mutations were not identified. Using genome-based phylogenetic analysis we identified M. tuberculosis substrains associated with distinctions in the occurrence in PTB vs. XPTB cases. Phylogenetic analyses did reveal M. tuberculosis genetic substrains associated with TB localization. XPTB was associated with Beijing sublineages Central Asia (Beijing CAO), Central Asia Clade A (Beijing A) and 4.8 groups, while PTB localization was associated with group LAM (4.3). Further, the XPTB strain in some cases showed elevated drug resistance patterns relative to PTB isolates. HIV was significantly associated with the development of XPTB in the Beijing B0/W148 group and among unclustered Beijing isolates.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremias from England, 2004 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Katiyo ◽  
Berit Muller-Pebody ◽  
Mehdi Minaji ◽  
David Powell ◽  
Alan P. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia causes hospitalization and high morbidity and mortality. We linked Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit (GBRU) data to the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data set to study the trends and outcomes of NTS bacteremias in England between 2004 and 2015. All confirmed NTS isolates from blood from England submitted to GBRU between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 were deterministically linked to HES records. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), proportions, and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to describe differences in age, sex, antibiotic resistance patterns, and serotypes over time. Males, neonates, and adults above 65 years were more likely to have NTS bacteremia (AOR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.46 to 1.67]; 2.57 [95% CI, 1.43 to 4.60]; and 3.56 [95% CI, 3.25 to 3.90], respectively). Proportions of bacteremia increased from 1.41% in 2004 to 2.67% in 2015. Thirty-four percent of all blood isolates were resistant to a first-line antibiotic, and 1,397 (56%) blood isolates were linked to an HES record. Of the patients with NTS bacteremia, 969 (69%) had a cardiovascular condition and 155 (12%) patients died, out of which 120 (77%) patients were age 65 years and above. NTS bacteremia mainly affects older people with comorbidities placing them at increased risk of prolonged hospital stay and death. Resistance of invasive NTS to first-line antimicrobial agents appeared to be stable in England, but the emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics, such as colistin, requires careful monitoring.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypic drug resistance patterns and clustering in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chaidir ◽  
S. Sengstake ◽  
J. de Beer ◽  
H. Krismawati ◽  
F. D. Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Patterns

scholarly journals Tuberculous Meningitis: The Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis and Its Drug Sensitivity Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Titiek Sulistyowati ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum ◽  
Eko Budi Koendhori ◽  
Ni Made Mertaniasih
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory

Background: Tuberculosis continues one of the major challenges to global health. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex can affect any organ other than the lung parenchyma, include central nervous system. The mortality rate of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are high worldwide with up to half of survivors suffering irreversible sequelae. Diagnosis of TBM is difficult due to paucibacillary, various clinical manifestation, and invasive procedure to appropriate specimens. Objective: The objectiveis to study the positivity rate of microbiological laboratory diagnosis and its drug sensitivity patterns of TBM patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya during October 2015 until September 2016. Methods: Specimens were cerebrospinal fluids. Identification and drug anti TB sensitivity test were done by BACTEC MGIT 960 system in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Result: Most patients with TBM were women (54.29%). Based on age groups, most dominant was adult population (65.71%). Proportion percentage of positive M. tuberculosis complex among 180 specimens were 19.44%. First line anti TB drug sensitivity pattern of 35 isolates were 1 monoresistant, 1 poly-resistant, no multiple drug resistant (MDR), and 33 pan-susceptible. Conclusion: Positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex laboratory diagnosis from TBM suspect patients were low. There was no MDR TB in this study, but mono-resistant and poly-resistant. Microbiological diagnosis was important to give information of active disease and drug sensitivity pattern. Resistance to first line anti TB drugs is alarming to properly manage TBM patients.

scholarly journals A secondary data analysis of qualitative study of individualized treatment regimen for North Indians living with human immunodeficiency virus-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushanta Kumar Barik ◽  
Avi Kumar Bansal ◽  
Ashwini Yadav ◽  
Srikanth Prasad Tripathy ◽  
Tej Pal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Indian Patients ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Endpoint Data ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The follow-up of fifty-seven patients were conducted after a confirmation genotyping test. The secondary data analysis was done on the data available to observe the correlation between the CD4 counts and viral loads (One of the markers of clinical outcome) of the individual North Indian patients infected with HIV-1 Subtype C. The drug resistance mutations in individual patient were analysed through the drug resistance database, Stanford University, USA. The data of resistance associated with drugs, CD4 counts, viral loads of the individual patient was compiled and statistically analysed for drug resistance pattern profiles using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS Version 22. The normality of data was checked by Shapiro-Wilk test (p<0.05). The study starting and endpoint data on CD4 counts, viral loads and drug resistance patterns associated with multiple first-line ART was available for 24 north Indian patients. The starting and study endpoint data on CD4 counts and drug resistance patterns associated with multiple first- line ART was available for 33 North Indian patients. The study indicative that the recommendation of policy to provide a tailor-made individualized regimen to each patient under AIDS control program.

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