Actualisation des connaissances sur l’abeille Megachile sculpturalis SMITH, 1853 en France et en Europe (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae)

Update of knowledge on the bee Megachile sculpturalis SMITH, 1853 in France and Europe (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). - Megachile sculpturalis is a bee native to eastern Asia that is now also present in North America and Europe. This article follows the first synthesis on the ecology and geographical distribution in Europe of this species published in this same journal in 2018 and updates their knowledge. Megachile sculpturalis has been observed in 13 European countries. Its range now extends from the French Atlantic coast in the west to the Crimean Peninsula in the east. It has also been recorded on two Mediterranean islands, Elba (Italy) and Mallorca (Spain). In France, between 2008 and 2020, it was observed in 259 communes in 46 departments. The most northerly French observation was made in 2020 near Reims in the Marne department. Concerning feeding behaviour, new pollen analyses corroborate the results of previous ones which suggested a polylectic diet with a marked preference for shrubs of Asian origin (especially Sophora japonica and Ligustrum sp.). Regarding nesting behaviour, M. sculpturalis makes extensive use of bee hotels. However, a range of diameters (holes in logs or sections of plant stems) between 4 and 8 mm is suitable for the main native species likely to nest in the hotels, while limiting the establishment of M. sculpturalis. New observations have confirmed the tendency of M. sculpturalis to empty the nests of other species in order to establish its own larval cells. In addition, in Switzerland, a female was observed killing a bee of the genus Heriades. Such events, if frequent, could have negative impacts on native bees, but data are currently insufficient to quantify these impacts on populations.

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Nesting, Sex Ratio and Natural Enemies of the Giant Resin Bee in Relation to Native Species in Europe

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12060545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 545

Author(s):

Sara Straffon Díaz ◽

Luca Carisio ◽

Aulo Manino ◽

Paolo Biella ◽

Marco Porporato

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Native Species ◽

Wild Bees ◽

Trap Nests ◽

Native Bee ◽

New Locations ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Set Up ◽

North Western

Megachile sculpturalis (Smith, 1853) is the first exotic bee species in Europe. Its remarkably fast expansion across this continent is leading to a growing concern on the extent of negative impacts to the native fauna. To evaluate the interactions of exotic bees with local wild bees, we set up trap nests for above-ground nesting bees on a semi-urban area of north-western Italy. We aimed to investigate the interaction in artificial traps between the exotic and native wild bees and to assess offspring traits accounting for exotic bee fitness: progeny sex ratio and incidence of natural enemies. We found that the tunnels occupied by exotic bees were already cohabited by O. cornuta, and thus the cells of later nesting alien bees may block the native bee emergence for the next year. The progeny sex ratio of M. sculpturalis was strongly unbalanced toward males, indicating a temporary adverse population trend in the local invaded area. In addition, we documented the presence of three native natural enemies affecting the brood of the exotic bee. Our results bring out new insights on how the M. sculpturalis indirectly competes with native species and on its performance in new locations.

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Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsn054 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 788-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Thomas W. Therriault ◽

Leif-Matthias Herborg

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Native Species ◽

Potential Distribution ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Ciona Intestinalis ◽

Environmental Niche ◽

Environmental Models ◽

Introduced Range ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Almost All

Abstract Therriault, T. W., and Herborg, L-M. 2008. Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 788–794. A crucial step in characterizing the potential risk posed by non-native species is determining whether a potential invader can establish in the introduced range and what its potential distribution could be. To this end, various environmental models ranging from simple to complex have been applied to predict the potential distribution of an invader, with varying levels of success. Recently, in marine waters, tunicates have received much attention, largely because of their negative impacts on shellfish aquaculture. One of these species is the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis, which recently has had a negative impact on aquaculture operations in Atlantic Canada and could pose a risk in Pacific Canada. To inform the risk assessment of this species, we evaluated two different types of environmental model. Simple models based on reported temperature or salinity tolerances were relatively uninformative, because almost all waters were deemed suitable. In contrast, a more complex genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (GARP) environmental niche model, based on documented Canadian occurrence points, provided informative projections of the potential distribution in Canadian waters. In addition to informing risk assessments, these predictions can be used to focus monitoring activities, particularly towards vectors that could transport C. intestinalis to these favourable environments.

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Imazapic Effects on Competition Dynamics Between Native Perennial Grasses and Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00032.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 72-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shayla A. Burnett ◽

Brian A. Mealor

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Downy Brome ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Application Timing ◽

Ecosystem Disturbance ◽

Series Design ◽

Species Establishment ◽

Negative Impacts

AbstractDowny brome inhibits revegetation efforts following ecosystem disturbance. Imazapic is a commonly used herbicide for downy brome management, but more information is needed regarding effective application timing for restoration efforts. We wished to determine (1) if native species establishment exhibited a tradeoff between downy brome competition and injury from herbicide and (2) if this differed between pre- and postemergent applications of imazapic. We used a standard replacement series design and overlaid herbicide treatments. Nine weeks after planting, aboveground biomass was harvested and relative yield (RY) indices calculated. Both imazapic applications reduced downy brome biomass by 91% or more (P < 0.05). Imazapic caused drastic reductions in native biomass but less than what was caused by downy brome competition (P < 0.05). Natives were less injured by a pre- than postemergent application (P < 0.05). In situations where downy brome may impact restoration efforts, pre-emergent applications of imazapic at 70 g ai ha−1 (0.06 lb ai ac−1) may reduce downy brome with less negative impacts on newly-seeded native grasses than post-emergent applications. Ensuring sufficient proportions of native species seeds on restoration sites may reduce downy brome.

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Diversity of tropical macroalgae in the New Zealand marine aquarium trade

10.26686/wgtn.17144339 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kirill Woodhouse

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Native Species ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Aquarium Trade ◽

Species Introduction ◽

Molecular Barcoding ◽

Species Introductions ◽

Foreign Land ◽

Negative Impacts

<p>Exotic species often slip through international borders undetected. Many perish but for some species introduction to a foreign land or sea brings release from natural enemies and a chance to establish a population. Increased global trade has increased the frequency of species introductions through stowaways and lapses in biosecurity. Once an invader is established there is the opportunity for explosive population growth at the detriment of native species and humans. The marine aquarium trade is a significant vector of species introductions, including algal introductions. The most publicized introduction from aquaria was the release of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia from the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. C. taxifolia introduction had large negative impacts on the invaded ecosystem. Molecular barcoding of tropical macroalgae entering the New Zealand aquarium trade was implemented using various molecular markers (cox1, cox3, rbcL tufA, LSU). Both NCBI Blast searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenies were used to identify the isolates. A total of 62 species of tropical macroalgae were identified from coral rocks imported into New Zealand, plus samples from reef hobbyists. Some species found are known as invasive elsewhere, for example, Caulerpa cylindracea, C. racemosa, C. sertularioides, Ulva ohnoi and Chaetomorpha vieillardii. All three major groups of algae were well represented in my findings with 26 species of red algae, 24 species of green algae and 12 species of brown algae. Temperature tolerance limits are the largest determinant in survival in algae, while salinity and pH are less significant. Temperature tolerance of tropical algae to the minimum Sea Surface Temperature in Auckland (14°C) and Wellington (11°C) was tested. My results show that one species Chaetomorpha vieillardii can survive at Auckland minimum winter sea surface temperatures. Our findings have important implications for New Zealand biosecurity, as not only are a large diversity of exotic macroalgae entering the New Zealand marine aquarium trade unregulated, but there is also the potential for them to survive in New Zealand waters. </p>

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Nest-site competition and killing by invasive parakeets cause the decline of a threatened bat population

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.172477 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 172477 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Dailos Hernández-Brito ◽

Martina Carrete ◽

Carlos Ibáñez ◽

Javier Juste ◽

José L. Tella

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Population Decline ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Individual Fitness ◽

Tree Cavities ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Site Competition

The identification of effects of invasive species is challenging owing to their multifaceted impacts on native biota. Negative impacts are most often reflected in individual fitness rather than in population dynamics of native species and are less expected in low-biodiversity habitats, such as urban environments. We report the long-term effects of invasive rose-ringed parakeets on the largest known population of a threatened bat species, the greater noctule, located in an urban park. Both species share preferences for the same tree cavities for breeding. While the number of parakeet nests increased by a factor of 20 in 14 years, the number of trees occupied by noctules declined by 81%. Parakeets occupied most cavities previously used by noctules, and spatial analyses showed that noctules tried to avoid cavities close to parakeets. Parakeets were highly aggressive towards noctules, trying to occupy their cavities, often resulting in noctule death. This led to a dramatic population decline, but also an unusual aggregation of the occupied trees, probably disrupting the complex social behaviour of this bat species. These results indicate a strong impact through site displacement and killing of competitors, and highlight the need for long-term research to identify unexpected impacts that would otherwise be overlooked.

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Mapping the patchy legislative landscape of non-native tree species in Europe

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpaa009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 567-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elisabeth Pötzelsberger ◽

Katharina Lapin ◽

Giuseppe Brundu ◽

Tim Adriaens ◽

Vlatko Andonovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Forest Sector ◽

The European Union ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Regulatory Intensity ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Legal Frameworks ◽

June July

Abstract Europe has a history rich in examples of successful and problematic introductions of trees with a native origin outside of Europe (non-native trees, NNT). Many international legal frameworks such as treaties and conventions and also the European Union have responded to the global concern about potential negative impacts of NNT that may become invasive in natural ecosystems. It is, however, national and regional legislation in particular that affects current and future management decisions in the forest sector and shapes the landscapes of Europe. We identified all relevant legal instruments regulating NNT, the different legal approaches and the regulatory intensity in 40 European countries (no microstates). Information on hard and effective soft law instruments were collected by means of a targeted questionnaire and consultation of international and national legislation information systems and databases. In total, 335 relevant legal instruments were in place in June/July 2019 to regulate the use of NNT in the investigated 116 geopolitical legal units (countries as well as sub-national regions with their own legislation). Countries and regions were empirically categorized according to ad hoc-defined legislation indicators. These indicators pay respect to the general bans on the introduction of non-native species, the generally allowed and prohibited NNT, approval mechanisms and specific areas or cases where NNT are restricted or prohibited. Our study revealed a very diverse landscape of legal frameworks across Europe, with a large variety of approaches to regulating NNT being pursued and the intensity of restriction ranging from very few restrictions on species choice and plantation surface area to the complete banning of NNT from forests. The main conclusion is that there is a clear need for more co-ordinated, science-based policies both at the local and international levels to enhance the advantages of NNT and mitigate potential negative effects.

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Negative impacts of dominance on bee communities: Does the influence of invasive honey bees differ from native bees?

Ecology ◽

10.1002/ecy.3526 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas A. Garibaldi ◽

Néstor Pérez‐Méndez ◽

Guaraci D. Cordeiro ◽

Alice Hughes ◽

Michael Orr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

Native Bees ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Bee Communities

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Introduced Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island: new records and ecological perspectives

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n06-009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 138 (5) ◽

pp. 602-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Christopher G. Majka ◽

Joyce Cook ◽

Susan Westby

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

Introduced Species ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

Native Species ◽

New Records ◽

Atlantic Canada ◽

Considerable Time ◽

Adventive Species ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Native Habitats

AbstractSeven species of introduced Carabidae are newly reported in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank), Amara ovata (Fabricius), and Harpalus rubripes (Duftschmid) are newly recorded in Atlantic Canada as a whole. Possible modes of introduction of these species to the region are discussed. Several may have been introduced in association with dry ballast shipments. Some may have arrived via natural dispersion from neighbouring areas; others appear to have been present and undetected for a considerable time. The possible impact of such introductions is also discussed. Synanthropic environments have higher proportions of introduced species than relatively undisturbed, native habitats. Some adventive species do become widespread in native environments; however, negative impacts on native species may not be readily apparent.

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Pteris multifida (spider brake).

10.1079/isc.28515530.20203482736 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jeanine Velez-Gavilán

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Alien Invasive Species ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

High Dispersal ◽

The Usa ◽

Pteris Multifida ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Noxious Weed

Abstract Pteris multifida is a herbaceous fern native to temperate and tropical eastern Asia and naturalized on many continents as a result of being widely cultivated. Although it is an urban weed, it is not considered by most countries as an invasive or noxious weed. There is no information available on the species affecting native species or natural habitats. Although one source lists P. multifida as an invasive species in many countries outside of Africa due to it being easily dispersed by spores, there are no references or further information to support this statement. It is reported as an alien invasive species in Germany, but only as occurring in sheltered sites, growing on light-vents in cellars and walls. A species assessment for Florida, USA indicates, P. multifida is neither a weed of natural habitats nor of agriculture. The species has not been listed as an invasive plant in any state or natural areas of the USA. However, P. multifida has been assigned a Tier II Invasive Species status (defined as having moderate negative impacts on wildlife or natural communities in Louisiana), but of limited concern and/or extent in Louisiana. Pteris multifida is recorded in Cuba as potentially invasive being categorized as a species with a tendency to proliferate in some areas and capable of producing vast amounts of diaspores with high dispersal potential. No further details are given about potential invasiveness.

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Acacia dealbata Link. Aboveground Biomass Assessment: Sustainability of Control and Eradication Actions to Reduce Rural Fires Risk

Fire ◽

10.3390/fire5010007 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Leonel J. R. Nunes ◽

Catarina I. R. Meireles ◽

Carlos J. Pinto Gomes ◽

Nuno M. C. Almeida Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Control Process ◽

Fuel Load ◽

Acacia Dealbata ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Reducing Costs ◽

Biomass Availability ◽

Significant Increment

Invasive species are an environmental problem affecting worldwide ecosystems. In the case of Acacia dealbata Link., the negative impacts affect the productivity of the forests due to the competition established with native species while contributing to a significant increment in the available fuel load, increasing the risk of fire. In Portugal, chemical and mechanical methods are mostly used in the control of these species. However, the costs are often unsustainable in the medium term, being abandoned before completing the tasks, allowing the recovery of the invasive species. The establishment of value chains for the biomass resulting from these actions was pointed out by several authors as a solution for the sustainability of the control process, as it contributes to reducing costs. However, the problems in quantifying the biomass availability make it challenging to organize and optimize these actions. This work, which started from a dendrometrical analysis carried out in stands of A. dealbata, created a model to assess woody biomass availability. The model proved to be statistically significant for stands with trees younger than 20 years old. However, the amount of data collected and the configuration of the settlements analyzed do not allow extrapolation of the model presented to older settlements.

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