scholarly journals Investigation of changes in rat’s blood metabolomic profile, caused by lead exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1461
Author(s):  
Aleksey I. Chemezov ◽  
Marina P. Sutunkova ◽  
Julija V. Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
In Silico Fragmentation ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Introduction. The prevalence of lead in the environment, due to human production and economic activities, and the xenobiotic nature of the element substantiate the relevance of studying the changes caused by the action of this metal. Materials and methods. A non-target metabolomic screening of the blood of rats exposed to intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate by HPLC-mass spectrometry was carried out. The expression of the selected masses was compared with those for the control group of animals. The masses that significantly changed the intensity compared to the control were subjected to fragmentation to obtain characteristic fragments. The annotation of metabolites was performed by searching in MS/MS databases and by comparison with in silico fragmentation spectra. The involvement of annotated metabolites in metabolic processes was established by literature analyzing. Results. Non-target metabolomic screening revealed 37 m/z values for the exposed group, significantly changing the intensity compared to the control. Annotation using fragmentation spectra and in silico fragmentation allows establishing the structure of eight metabolites, including an epoxy derivative of linolic acid, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, four oxo- and hydroxyacylcarnitine derivatives of long-chain fatty acids, one acylcarnitine derivatives of medium-chain fatty acids and one lysophosphoserine. Conclusion. Analyzing the literature, the known functions of the identified metabolites were established and attributed to the known metabolic processes. So, oxo- and hydroxyacylcarnitines are derivatives for intermediate products of β-oxidation fatty acids - it is increased concentration compared to the control indicates a violation of this process under the influence of oxidative stress caused by lead. Epoxy and 15-hydroxy derivatives of fatty acids (increased content relative to the control group) act as regulatory metabolites (vasodynamic activity), on the one hand, and markers of lead-induced hypoxia on the other hand. The increase of the concentration for the lysophosphatidylserine derivative indicates the intensification of apoptotic processes in the organism of the exposed group in contrast to the control.

Effects of calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids on plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
T. Sugino ◽  
A. Tateno ◽  
G. Ueno ◽  
K. Kawashima ◽  
T. Okimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolite ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

To elucidate the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on milk production and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows, 10 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups after parturition. One group was fed a diet supplemented with calcium salts of MCFA (MCFA-Ca) for 8 weeks after parturition, while the other group was fed the same diet without the supplement (control). MCFA-Ca, containing 60% caprylic acid and 40% capric acid, was added to a total mixed ration (TMR) at 1.5% of the dietary dry matter (DM). Cows were offered the TMR ad libitum. DM intake, daily gain in bodyweight, milk yield, milk fat content and milk protein content did not differ between the two treatment groups. The MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.05), while plasma concentrations of total and free cholesterols tended to increase (P < 0.10). Plasma ghrelin was maintained at a higher concentration (P < 0.05) in cows fed the MCFA-Ca diet than in the control group. Relative to the control diet, the MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05) and numerically increased plasma glucagon concentration, resulting in a lower insulin : glucagon ratio (P < 0.05). In conclusion, plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations were affected by the MCFA-Ca diet, suggesting that MCFA-Ca supplementation may change endocrine functions and nutrient metabolism in early lactating cows, ultimately resulting in an enhanced catabolic state.

scholarly journals Short-Chain and Total Fatty Acid Profile of Faeces or Plasma as Predictors of Food-Responsive Enteropathy in Dogs: A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Cristina Higueras ◽  
Ana I. Rey ◽  
Rosa Escudero ◽  
David Díaz-Regañón ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Isovaleric Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the total fatty acid profile of faeces or plasma as possible indicators of FRE in comparison with healthy dogs. FRE dogs had a lower concentration (p = 0.026) of plasma α-tocopherol as an indicator of the oxidative status of the animal, and lower C20:5n-3 (p = 0.033), C22:5n-3 (p = 0.005), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.021) and n-6 (p = 0.041) when compared with the control dogs; furthermore, sick dogs had higher proportions of plasma C20:3n-6 (p = 0.0056). The dogs with FRE showed a decrease in the production of faecal levels of SCFAs, mainly propionic acid (C3) (p = 0.0001) and isovaleric acid (iC5) (p = 0.014). FRE dogs also had a lower proportion of C15:0 (p = 0.0003), C16:1n-9 (p = 0.0095), C16:1n-7 (p = 0.0001), C20:5n-3 (p = 0.0034) and monounsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.0315), and tended to have lower n-3 (p = 0.058) and a reduced desaturase activity index in the stool when compared with the control group. However, the dogs with chronic enteropathy tended to have greater C20:4n-6 (p = 0.065) in their faeces as signs of damage at the intestinal level. The faecal parameters were better predictors than plasma. The highest correlations between faecal odd-chain, medium- or long-chain fatty acids and SCFAs were observed for C15:0 that correlated positively with faecal acetic acid (C2) (r = 0.72, p = 0.004), propionic acid (r = 0.95, p = 0.0001), isobutyric acid (iC4) (r = 0.59, p = 0.027) and isovaleric acid (r = 0.64, p = 0.0136), as well as with total SCFAs (r = 0.61, p = 0.02). Conversely, faecal C20:4n-6 showed a high inverse correlation (r = −0.83, p = 0.0002) with C2 and C3 (r = −0.59, p = 0.027). Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity (CIBDAI) index correlated negatively mainly with faecal measurements, such as C3 (r = −0.869, p = 0.0005) and C15:0 (r = −0.825, p = 0.0018), followed by C16:1/C16:0 (r = −0.66, p= 0.0374) and iC5 (r = −0.648, p = 0.0310), which would indicate that these fatty acids could be good non-invasive indicators of the chronic inflammatory status, specifically FRE.

Derivatives of long chain fatty acids as lubricant components

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eisner ◽  
T. Perlstein ◽  
G. Maerker ◽  
L. Stallings
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Synbiotics impact on dominant faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids production in sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Śliżewska ◽  
Agnieszka Chlebicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of synbiotics on intestinal microbiota and its metabolism in sows. Three different synbiotics were administered with feed to animals from three experimental groups. Two groups of sows were given commercially available probiotics (BioPlus 2B®, Cylactin® LBC) as forage additives for comparison. The control group of sows was given unmodified fodder. The study was conducted for 48 days (10 days before farrowing, and continued 38 days after) and faeces samples were collected four times. The scope of this work was to designate the dominant microbiota in sows’ faeces. Therefore, the total number of anaerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Enterococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli and yeast was determined, using the plate method. Changes in the concentration of lactic acid, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were also determined in correlation with the feed additives administered to the sows using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). Our results allowed us to conclude that synbiotics have a beneficial effect on intestinal microbiota of sows and its metabolism. We observed that the impact of the synbiotics on the microbiota was more significant than the one induced by probiotics.

Ratios for very-long-chain fatty acids in plasma of subjects with peroxisomal disorders, as determined by HPLC and validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Hall ◽  
G W Lynes ◽  
N M Hjelm
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Zellweger Syndrome ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Peroxisomal Disorders ◽  
One Year ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract We describe an HPLC method for measurement of ratios of concentrations of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in plasma. The method, which involves ultraviolet detection of p-bromophenacyl derivatives of fatty acids, is validated by comparison with a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method. The correlation between the ratios of 24-carbon fatty acids to 22-carbon fatty acids (C24/C22) estimated by the two methods was close (r = 0.976) as was the correlation for the C26/C22 ratios (r = 0.947). Increased VLCFA ratios could be demonstrated by either technique in patients with adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger syndrome, and infantile Refsum's disease. The HPLC method also measures phytanate concentrations in plasma. Control VLCFA ratios (for subjects without peroxisomal disorders) obtained by the two methods agree well with those reported by Moser et al. (Ann Neurol 1984; 16:628-41). For subjects younger than one year, ratios for C24/C22 and C26/C22 fatty acids were significantly greater than in older subjects.

scholarly journals Isomaltulose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota, the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Secondary Bile Acids in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Zhan-Dong Yang ◽  
Yi-Shan Guo ◽  
Jun-Sheng Huang ◽  
Ya-Fei Gao ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

In vitro experiments have indicated prebiotic activity of isomaltulose, which stimulates the growth of probiotics and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the absence of in vivo trials undermines these results. This study aims to investigate the effect of isomaltulose on composition and functionality of gut microbiota in rats. Twelve Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the IsoMTL group was given free access to water containing 10% isomaltulose (w/w), and the control group was treated with normal water for five weeks. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that ingestion of isomaltulose increased the abundances of beneficial microbiota, such as Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium, and decreased levels of pathogens, including Shuttleworthia. Bacterial functional prediction showed that isomaltulose affected gut microbial functionalities, including secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Targeted metabolomics demonstrated that isomaltulose supplementation enhanced cholic acid concentration, and reduced levels of lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid. Moreover, the concentrations of propionate and butyrate were elevated in the rats administered with isomaltulose. This work suggests that isomaltulose modulates gut microbiota and the production of SCFAs and secondary bile acids in rats, which provides a scientific basis on the use of isomaltulose as a prebiotic.

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