scholarly journals Social Integration and Psychological Wellbeing in a Sample of the Swedish-speaking Minority of Western Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 364-376
Author(s):  
Ingrida Grigaitytė ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist

The role of social integration in determining subjective psychological wellbeing in a sample of Swedish-speaking Finns in Ostrobothnia was investigated. A questionnaire was completed by 298 respondents (208 females, 90 males). The mean age was 32.7 years (SD 13.4) for females and 28.9 years (SD 13.4) for males. The age span was between 16 and 90 years. The questionnaire consisted of four scales measuring social integration. Females scored significantly higher on access to social benefits, positive social relations, and trust in the Finnish judiciary system. No sex difference was found for satisfaction with the neighbourhood. The mean values were overall high for both females and males. Respondents over 30 years of age reported significantly more positive social relations and more satisfaction with the neighbourhood compared to respondents under the age of 30. Respondents belonging to a group with high scores of social integration scored significantly lower on anxiety, depression, and somatisation. Conclusively, social integration can be regarded as a resource for psychological health.

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1257-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Bathla ◽  
Kaustubh Limaye ◽  
Bruno Policeni ◽  
Ernst Klotz ◽  
Markus Juergens ◽  
...  

BackgroundThe role of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been further expanded by recent trials which relied on the results of CT perfusion (CTP) imaging. However, CTP parameters for ischemia and infarct can vary significantly across different vendors.MethodsWe compared the outcomes of the Siemens CTP software against the clinically validated RAPID software in 45 consecutive patients with suspected AIS. Both perfusion softwares initially processed images using vendor defined parameters for hypoperfusion and non-viable tissue. The software thresholds on the Siemens software were decrementally altered to see if concordant results between softwares could be attained.ResultsAt baseline settings, the mean values for core infarct and hypoperfusion were different (mean of 30/69 mL, respectively, for RAPID and 49/77 mL for Siemens). However, reducing the threshold values for the later software showed a concordance of values at a relative cerebral blood flow <20%, with resulting core infarct and hypoperfusion volumes at 31/69 mL, respectively, for the Siemens software. A Wilcoxon paired test showed no significant difference between the calculated core infarct and hypoperfusion values, both for the entire population as well as for the subgroup of patients with large vessel occlusion.ConclusionEquivalent CTP results between vendor softwares may be attainable by altering the thresholds for hypoperfused and non-viable tissue, despite differences in acquisition techniques, post-processing, and scanners.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Babita Lahkar ◽  
Kalpajit Dutta

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The main aims of pre-anaesthetic medication are anxiolysis, analgesia, anti-emesis and reducing perioperative patient risk. Producing a state of amnesia for pre and post-operative events is desired by all. This study has been undertaken to evaluate the role of three of the benzodiazepines i.e. diazepam, lorazepam and midazolam during general anaesthesia, in providing anxiolysis, sedation and amnesia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study included patients with ASA grade I and ASA grade II physical status of both sexes, age ranging between 18-60 years. Patients were divided into three groups of thirty patients each, every group receiving intramuscular injections of diazepam 0.1 mg/kg body weight, lorazepam 0.07 mg/kg body weight and midazolam 0.08 mg/kg body weight respectively; 45 minutes prior to induction of general anaesthesia. Anxiety assessment before premedication along with assessment of sedation after premedication was done.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Before premedication the mean values of pulse rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were not significantly different among the three groups (p&gt;0.05). Maximum changes in these parameters were observed with Midazolam followed by lorazepam and diazepam. The dose of thiopentone used as inducing agent was also lowered significantly in case of midazolam (p&lt;0.05). One patient in midazolam group showed respiratory depression whereas four patients receiving lorazepam and diazepam showed delayed recovery and prolonged sedation, but the effects were self-limiting.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Midazolam offers the maximum advantage in allaying anxiety and providing excellent sedation and amnesia during general anaesthesia and proves to be the most suitable premedicant before general anaesthesia.</p>


Author(s):  
Estefanía Estévez ◽  
Teresa I. Jiménez

Abstract.VIOLENCE IN ADOLESCENTS AND EMOTIONAL REGULATIONAggression towards peers is a problem with an important presence in the secondary classrooms in most of the countries of the world, and that interferes notably in the process of teaching / learning and in the development of those involved, with consequences always negative for their wellbeing, psychological health and social relations. In the last decades, there has been a significant increase in the importance given to the management of emotion, in what has come to be called the affection revolution, a line of research that comes to emphasize that the presence of behavioral and psychopathological alterations is not so much related to excessive negative or positive emotion, but rather to the poor ability to regulate that emotion in a way that is healthy and facilitates adjustment to demands. In relation to aggression and victimization in children and adolescents, there are hardly any studies that analyze the role of emotional regulation in explaining these problems. In the present research we analyze the emotional regulation in adolescents involved in acts of school violence, both as aggressors and victims, taking as a model the theoretical approach that has the greatest theoretical and empirical solidity in relation to the regulation of emotions and, in particular, to the emotional intelligence, proposed by Mayer and Salovey in 1997. According to this model, emotional intelligence is the set of four abilities that we examine in the present work: 1) emotional perception: ability to perceive own and others’ emotions; 2) emotional assimilation: ability to generate, use and feel emotions to communicate feelings; 3) emotional understanding: ability to understand information of an emotional nature; and 4) emotional regulation: ability to be open to feelings, monitor and alter them in order to facilitate personal growth.Key words: adolescence, violence, victimization, school, emotional regulationResumen.La violencia entre iguales es un problema con una presencia importante en las aulas de secundaria en la mayor parte de los países del mundo, y que interfiere notablemente en el proceso deenseñanza/aprendizaje y en el desarrollo evolutivo de los implicados, con consecuencias siempre negativas para su bienestar, salud psicológica y relaciones sociales. En las últimas décadas, se ha producido un incremento importante en la importancia dada al manejo de la emoción, en lo que se ha venido a denominar la revolución del afecto, una línea de investigación que viene a destacar que la presencia de alteraciones conductuales y psicopatológicas no está tan relacionada con una excesiva emoción negativa o positiva, sino con la escasa habilidad para regular dicha emoción de manera que resulte saludable y facilite el ajuste a las demandas. En relación con la agresión y la victimización en niños y adolescentes, no existen apenas estudios que analicen el rol de la regulación emocional en la explicación de estos problemas. En la presente investigación analizamos la regulación emocional en adolescentes implicados en actos de violencia escolar, tanto como agresores como víctimas, tomando como modelo el enfoque teórico que mayor solidez teórica y empírica presenta en relación a la regulación de las emociones y, en particular, a la inteligencia emocional, propuesto por Mayer y Salovey en 1997. Según este modelo, la inteligencia emocional es el conjunto de cuatro habilidades que examinamos en el presente trabajo: 1) percepción emocional: habilidad de percibir emociones propias y de otros; 2) asimilación emocional: habilidad de generar, usar y sentir las emociones para comunicar sentimientos; 3) comprensión emocional: habilidad de entender información de tipo emocional; y 4) regulación emocional: habilidad de estar abierto a los sentimientos, vigilarlos y alterarlos con el objetivo de facilitar el crecimiento personal.Palabras clave: adolescencia, violencia, victimización, escuela, regulación emocional


Author(s):  
Rohmah Najihah Misran ◽  
Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom ◽  
Zul Azlin Razali

Religiosity is a construct that has interesting implications in the mental health issues of youths. This study examines the role of religiosity on anxiety, depression, and stress using 148 Muslim students studying Islamic studies at undergraduate provision in an Islamic University as sample. Results indicated that the level of religiosity among the participants ranged from moderately religious to highly religious. The mean levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among the participants were moderate, and a significant number of students suffered from severe psychological distress. Female students were reported to experience significantly slightly more stress than male students. Furthermore, the relationship between religiosity, anxiety, and depression was significantly negative but not stressful. Further analysis found that religiosity serves as a protective factor for depression. Meanwhile, some religiosity components (i.e., avoidance of sinful acts and frequent conduct of recommended acts) were found to be a significant protective factor against anxiety and depression, respectively. Thus, in retrospect, mental health and religion appear to converge on managing psychological distress. As so to speak, this is a vital point in the emerging mental health services in which the incorporation of religious components into clinical practice may show good promising results in aiding the recovery process of psychological health issues. Likewise, embedding religiosity in one’s life, or being religiously minded, reflected in daily life manifestation, is linked with better mental health outcomes.


Phonology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-125
Author(s):  
Bert Remijsen ◽  
Otto Gwado Ayoker ◽  
Signe Jørgensen

Ternary or three-level vowel length is typologically rare, and supporting evidence is limited. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the hypothesised case of this configuration in Shilluk. We first describe the role of vowel length in Shilluk phonology and morphology, and then report on an acoustic study in which minimal sets for vowel length (short, long, overlong) are measured for vowel duration, coda duration, vowel quality and fundamental frequency. Short, long and overlong vowels differ significantly and substantially in terms of vowel duration: 96% of the items can be classified successfully for vowel length on the basis of this measurement alone. Of the other measurements, only vowel quality is significant, and this effect is considerably smaller. The mean values for vowel duration – 68, 111 and 150 ms for short, long and overlong vowels respectively – are similar to those reported for ternary vowel length in Dinka.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Mohammed Youssef ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed Abdelsalam ◽  
Ali Mohamed Abozeid ◽  
Usama Mahmoud Youssef

Introduction. The objective of this work was to define the frequency and severity of steroid related behavioral side effects in children with steroid sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) during Treatment for relapse. Methods. 30 pediatric patients with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome were studied; known as SSNS at complete remission or low dose of Prednisolone and have relapse on follow up. All children in this study were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, assessment socioeconomic standard, and assessment of pediatric quality of life, a battery of psychometric tests included pediatric anxiety, depression, and aggression scores. Results. Our results revealed that there are highly significant increase in the mean values of anxiety, depression and aggression among cases starts to appear on week one and extends to three, five and seven weeks compared to baseline. In the seventh week of follow up cases show significant positive correlation between prednisone doses and mean values of anxiety and depression scores and aggression. Conclusion. we concluded that all studied children with SSNS often experience significant problems with anxiety, depression, and increased aggression during high dose steroid therapy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 609-609
Author(s):  
Marja Aartsen ◽  
Gražina Rapolienė

Abstract Loneliness in later life is two times more prevalent in Eastern and Southern European countries than in Northern and Western European countries. One explanation that is put forth is the difference in expectations about social relations. We examine a not often evaluated role of trust in society as factor contributing to the country differences in loneliness. We adopt the trust-as-antecedent model of social integration, and assume that social integration is associated with loneliness. We use data of respondents aged 65 and over participating in the European Social Survey and conduct a latent factors path analysis to examine the effect of trust in the system and trust in people on social capital and loneliness. Loneliness is two times more prevalent in Eastern Europe than the rest of Europe (26% vs 10%), levels of trust are substantially lower in Eastern European countries, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness.


The role of social support at workplace become one of the most important variables that can give impact on employee’s attitude. Closely related to employee’s performance, many studies have confirmed the role of social support in enhancing employee’s job satisfaction. The aims of this research is two-folds. First, to investigate the differences and second to compare the effect of social support on job satisfaction among academicians in Malaysia. Overall, a total of 420 samples were obtained, wherein 210 participants withdrawn from each setting. Data was collected using self-administrated questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 22. The finding suggested that social support levels (i.e. supervisor support and co-worker support) are higher among academicians in private university. Level of job satisfaction, otherwise is higher among public university. Overall, the mean values indicated high level of social support and job satisfaction among academicians in both university. Analysis of t-Test revealed that there is no significant differences in terms of social support, however the significant being observed in terms of job satisfaction between academicians in Malaysia public and private university. This study also ascertained the positive impact of social support on job satisfaction to both samples. Implication of this study includes empirical contribution and deliberation on social support and job satisfaction. Suggestion from this study includes improving social support to enhance overall academicians’ job satisfaction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Nazia Nazar ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist

The aim of the study was to investigate associations between acceptance of violence and victimisation from physical punishment by teachers, self-esteem, and psychological concomitants among students from three school systems in Pakistan. A questionnaire was completed by 550 girls, and 550 boys. The mean age for girls was 13.3 years, and for boys 14.1. Boys accepted violence significantly more than girls. Students in Urdu Medium schools accepted violence significantly more than students in the Madrassa, and students in English Medium schools accepted it significantly least of all. In English Medium schools, girls accepted violence significantly more than boys, in Urdu Medium schools there was no sex difference, and in the Madrassa, boys accepted it significantly more than girls. Respondents who scored higher than average on acceptance of violence scored significantly higher on victimisation from physical punishment by teachers, anxiety, depression, and hostility, and had significantly lower self-esteem.


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