scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES IN CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Gregory Sakwa ◽  
Peter Bukhala ◽  
Mary Kipmerewo ◽  
Zachary Kwena
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Poor Knowledge

Purpose: Early cervical cancer screening (CCS) and treatment is effective method of controlling the disease, however its uptake is poor. Women only screen for cervical cancer when they experience symptoms or when advised by healthcare workers. Main objective of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of cervical cancer screening among women in Kakamega County. Methodology: The target population was 208,905 women of reproductive age residing in Kakamega County. This was a quantitative research approach utilizing descriptive study design. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Multi-stage sampling was used to select 872 women aged 25-49 from 16 community units of Kakamega County. Participants were assured of confidentiality, voluntary participation and freedom to exit the study at any point. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze knowledge and attitude levels towards cervical cancer screening. Logistic regression along with odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals was used to analyze factors affecting uptake of screening. Findings: Majority (81%) of participants had heard of cervical cancer screening mainly from media and Health Care workers. Only 16 % and 13% had good knowledge about signs of and risk factors of cervical cancer respectively. More than 78% had positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Less than 22% of participants had been screened for cervical cancer previously. Uptake of cervical cancer screening was low, and there was poor knowledge on aspects of cervical cancer. Poor to average knowledge is not sufficient to enable women make decisive actions on CCS. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Women should be encouraged to seek for more information about CCS through the various sources of media available to them. Healthcare providers need to be empowered further on delivering key information about CCS. The Ministry of Health should consider and strengthen alternative sources of information on CCS by use of Community Health Volunteers to complement health care providers. The government should further initiate a monitoring and evaluation program to track trends of factors barring uptake of CCS. A qualitative research need to be conducted to establish deeper factors associated with poor knowledge and uptake of CCS despite positive attitude.

scholarly journals “They Should Be Asking Us”: A Qualitative Decisional Needs Assessment for Women Considering Cervical Cancer Screening

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233339361878363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianne Wood ◽  
Virginia L. Russell ◽  
Ziad El-Khatib ◽  
Susan McFaul ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Care Providers

In this study, we examine from multiple perspectives, women’s shared decision-making needs when considering cervical screening options: Pap testing, in-clinic human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, self-collected HPV testing, or no screening. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework guided the development of the interview schedule. We conducted semi-structured interviews with seven screen-eligible women and five health care professionals (three health care providers and two health system managers). Women did not perceive that cervical screening involves a “decision,” which limited their knowledge of options, risks, and benefits. Women and health professionals emphasized how a trusted primary care provider can support women making a choice among cervical screening modalities. Having all cervical screening options recommended and funded was perceived as an important step to facilitate shared decision making. Supporting women in making preference-based decisions in cervical cancer screening may increase screening among those who do not undergo screening regularly and decrease uptake in women who are over-screened.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitude Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening among Reproductive Age Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Pramila Baral ◽  
Jyotsana Pokharel ◽  
Rashmi Gachhadar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Background: Cervical cancer is preventable so awareness can be as effective as any other method to prevent it.The study aims to assess awareness and attitude regarding cervical cancer screening among reproductive age women in a tertiary level hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 170 reproductive age women attending Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital using purposive sampling technique. A semi structured interview schedule was used to collect data via face to face interview. Data was summarized using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with awareness and attitude. Results: Among 170 reproductive age women, mean age was 31.49 ± 8.70 years. Majority 151 (88.8%) of the women had heard of cervical cancer while 119 (70%) of them had heard about cervical cancer screening. Among them, only 17 (11.3%) had adequate awareness regarding cervical cancer screening. Seventy five (46.6%) of the women had positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Employment status [95% CI (0.01-0.38), AOR=0.06, p=0.003] was associated with awareness whereas, ethnicity, employment status and marital status were associated with attitude. Conclusions: Most of the women were unaware about the cervical cancer screening but nearly half of the respondents had positive attitude. Therefore it is very crucial to provide health education and awareness through supervised client education. Focused group discussion as an effective approach of awareness program can be conducted in order to include specific group such as unemployed and unmarried women. Keywords: Attitude; awareness; cervical cancer; reproductive age women; screening

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceived Risk of Cervical Cancer Among Kenyan Women: Brief Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci L. Sudenga ◽  
Anne F. Rositch ◽  
Walter A. Otieno ◽  
Jennifer S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

ObjectivesEastern Africa has the highest incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer worldwide. It is important to describe the differences among women and their perceived risk of cervical cancer to determine target groups to increase cervical cancer screening.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we surveyed women seeking reproductive health services in Kisumu, Kenya to assess their perceived risk of cervical cancer and risk factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake. χ2 statistics and t tests were used to determine significant factors, which were incorporated into a logistic model to determine factors independently associated with cervical cancer risk perception.ResultsWhereas 91% of the surveyed women had heard of cancer, only 29% of the 388 surveyed women had previously heard of cervical cancer. Most had received their information from health care workers. Few women (6%) had ever been screened for cervical cancer and cited barriers such as fear, time, and lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. Nearly all previously screened women (22/24 [92%]) believed that cervical cancer was curable if detected early and that screening should be conducted annually (86%). Most women (254/388 [65%]) felt they were at risk for cervical cancer. Women with perceived risk of cervical cancer were older (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.10), reported a history of marriage (OR, 2.08; CI, 1.00–4.30), were less likely to feel adequately informed about cervical cancer by health care providers (OR, 0.76; CI, 0.18–0.83), and more likely to intend to have cervical cancer screening in the future (OR, 10.59; CI, 3.96–28.30). Only 5% of the women reported that they would not be willing to undergo screening regardless of cost.ConclusionsCervical cancer is a major health burden for women in sub-Saharan Africa, yet only one third of the women had ever heard of cervical cancer in Kisumu, Kenya. Understanding factors associated with women’s perceived risk of cervical cancer could guide future educational and clinical interventions to increase cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Ending Cervical Cancer Screening in Low-Risk Women After Age 65

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233339281875524
Author(s):  
Emily Boone ◽  
Michael Karp ◽  
LaVonna Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Low Risk Women

Background: Current evidence-based cervical cancer testing guidelines recommend that screening of low-risk women ceases after age 65. Despite this, research suggests that continued testing by primary care providers remains common and represents unnecessary patient discomfort, cost, and consumption of valuable primary care resources. Objective: To understand why primary care providers might knowingly ignore consensus evidence-based screening guidelines for cervical cancer in low-risk women of this age-group and to identify barriers to adherence with best practice recommendations. Methods: A survey tool to identify barriers to adherence with current guidelines for cervical cancer screening in low-risk women older than age 65 was mailed to 4929 randomly selected primary care providers throughout California. Providers were asked to indicate the predominant reason(s) they might knowingly continue cervical cancer screening in women older than 65 years, despite evidence-based recommendations to the contrary. Results: Qualified surveys were received from 1259 (25.5%) of those surveyed, representing primary care providers of all types, practicing in areas of vastly different demographics. Despite published reassurance to the contrary, many providers retain fear that discontinuation of testing in low-risk women after age 65 may result in missed invasive cervical cancer. Even among health-care providers who agree that cessation of screening is safe, other circumstances prompt their recommendation to continue cervical screening. Conclusion: Although the data from this study suggest areas of policy intervention to lessen unnecessary cervical cancer screening, the broader implication is that advancement of evidence-based medicine will be of little value in improving the quality and cost of health care if barriers to guideline adherence are poorly understood and addressed.

scholarly journals Enacting power and constructing gender in cervical cancer screening encounters between transmasculine patients and health care providers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Peitzmeier ◽  
Ida M. Bernstein ◽  
Michal J. McDowell ◽  
Dana J. Pardee ◽  
Madina Agénor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers

scholarly journals Bridging Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 155798832092569
Author(s):  
Navdeep Dhillon ◽  
John L. Oliffe ◽  
Mary T. Kelly ◽  
Jennifer Krist
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Transgender Men

Estimates of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and susceptibility to HPV-related cancer in transgender men (TM) are comparable to prevalence rates found in cisgender women. Regular and thorough screening for cervical cancer is equally as crucial for TM as for cisgender women; however, despite continued risk for cervical cancer in TM and associated recommendations for screening, studies indicate disparities in rates of cervical cancer screening (CCS) in TM compared to cisgender women. The current scoping review explores TM’s knowledge and experiences of CCS and barriers to screening uptake in this population. A range of barriers were identified including the need for health-care services to provide care for TM within the context of a nonbinary approach to gender identity and health. Findings synthesized from relevant research studies ( n = 15; published 2008–2019) are presented, and recommendations are drawn from these findings to inform primary health-care providers’ clinical practice and care of TM.

Barriers to cervical cancer screening in rural Mexico

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Watkins ◽  
C. Gabali ◽  
M. Winkleby ◽  
E. Gaona ◽  
S. Lebaron
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Cervical cancer is a major health problem in Mexico. The national mortality rate due to cervical cancer was estimated at 21.8 per 100,000 among women over 15 years of age in 1994. Reasons for this high prevalence have not been defined, although it may be influenced by lack of access to health care, lack of knowledge about the Pap procedure, or cultural beliefs. While some studies have examined barriers to Pap screening, most have focused on urban samples. We conducted a pilot study using direct interviews to learn about factors that may influence cervical cancer screening among rural Mexican women. We interviewed 97 rural women between the ages of 16 and 66 and found that 52% had not received a Pap smear within the last 2 years (of that group, 62% had never received a Pap smear). In our sample, the most frequent reason for not obtaining a Pap smear was anxiety regarding physical privacy (50%). Less frequent reasons were lack of knowledge (18%) and difficulty accessing health care (14%). Women who had delivered children were significantly more likely to have received a Pap smear (71%) than women who had no children (10%), P < 0.05. The responses of many women suggest that compliance with cervical cancer screening would be enhanced by addressing cultural beliefs, encouraging conversations about women's health issues, and increasing the number of female health care providers.

scholarly journals Female health-care providers’ advocacy of self-sampling after participating in a workplace program for cervical cancer screening in Ghana: a mixed-methods study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1838240
Author(s):  
Anna-Lisa Behnke ◽  
Amrei Krings ◽  
Comfort Mawusi Wormenor ◽  
Priscilla Dunyo ◽  
Andreas M. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Care Providers

scholarly journals Grassroots Partnership to See and Treat Cervical Cancer in Rural Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14s-14s
Author(s):  
William Cherniak ◽  
Eben Stern ◽  
Carol Picart ◽  
Sarah Sinasac ◽  
Carolyn Iwasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Southwestern Uganda

Abstract 9 Background: In Uganda, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, affecting 45 in every 100,000 women annually and killing 25 in every 100,000 annually. To effect change, two Canadian registered charities partnered with a Ugandan nongovernmental organization, a university, and the Ministry of Health to develop a novel screening, treatment, and educational training program. The two major goals of our program were to develop a training program for health care providers in southwestern Uganda for visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and a cryotherapy see and treat model; and to implement the first cervical cancer screening program of its kind in the Kabale region of southwestern Uganda. Methods: Our program was developed in partnership with Mbarara University of Science and Technology, a grass-roots Ugandan community development organization (Kigezi Healthcare Foundation [KIHEFO]), a Canadian charity that is focused on providing medical and dental care and educational training and infrastructure development (Bridge to Health Medical and Dental), and a Canadian charity that is focused on treatment for advanced cervical cancer (Road to Care). Results: Requisite supplies were obtained by Bridge to Health Medical and Dental and left behind with KIHEFO. A partnership was formed between academia, government, and civil society across Canada and Uganda. Over 5 days, 15 Ugandan health care workers were trained in VIA and cryotherapy, and 96 patients were screened for cervical cancer. Six patients were successfully treated for precancerous lesions. One biopsy was sent for pathology review and analysis. Conclusion: Since the pilot program, KIHEFO has conducted two additional cervical cancer screening programs using VIA and the see and treat approach. A new cervical cancer screening and treatment campaign, along with a quality control and educational training refresher, for the original 15 health care providers is planned for February 2017. Funding: Bridge to Health Medical and Dental and Kigezi Healthcare Foundation in partnership with the Ugandan Ministry of Health. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

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