scholarly journals U.S. Clean Carbon Costs: An Investigation of Georgia Markets and Solar Technology [Kennesaw State University]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carnell Tate ◽  
Sridhar Palle ◽  
Jeffrey Wagner
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
State University ◽  
Carbon Costs ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solar Technology

This paper investigates how geographical variations affect energy costs throughout the United States by using a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) model. The objective was to deconstruct a nationwide LCOE model and investigate the assumptions that are made on a state level; in this case, Georgia was the chosen sample to exhibit how challenges in solar technology affect the cost of clean carbon energy.

scholarly journals Energy Squad

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (05) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Winters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Manufacturers

This article focuses on the fact that even as energy and commodity cost increases, working efficiently has been made a bigger priority than ever for small manufacturers, wherein the power consumption is being scaled back. The share of the United States’ energy supply going to industry has dropped steadily over the past few decades. Returns on energy-saving investments are pretty good, but proposals for making those sorts of investments are often held to an incredibly high standard. The recommendations that are most often adopted, such as reducing the temperature of water used in a process or repairing leaks in lines and valves, pay back the initial investment in a couple of months. While energy costs can be cut significantly—even easily—it is an expense that many managers find easy to overlook. For most manufacturers, the cost of energy accounts for just a small percentage of their overall expenses.

scholarly journals Relationship between High School Student Participation in State-level Future Farmers of America Career Development Events and Matriculation at the Host University: A Case Study in Horticulture at Kansas State University

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Chad T. Miller ◽  
Ward Upham
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Career Development ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Farmers Of America ◽  
State University ◽  
School Students ◽  
Kansas State University ◽  
Career Development Events

In recent years, many horticulture departments around the United States have been concerned with recruiting and retaining an adequate number of students. One potential recruitment opportunity is the horticulture Future Farmers of America (FFA) Career Development Events (CDEs). For the time period of 1999 to 2012 (14 years), 1462 students participated in the annual state-level horticulture contests, comprising floriculture and nursery/landscape CDEs, held at Kansas State University (KSU). Using the rosters from these two CDEs, we referenced the university’s student information database to determine whether the high school students who participated as FFA horticulture CDE contestants ultimately matriculated to KSU. Fifty-two percent of former FFA horticulture CDE participants were accepted to KSU and 32% matriculated. Of these, 58% enrolled in the College of Agriculture and 19% majored in horticulture. Therefore, 3.5% of total horticulture CDE participants majored in horticulture at KSU. Students who participated in more than one horticulture CDE over time were more likely to major in horticulture at KSU compared with students who competed only once. Thirty-nine percent of students who participated in both horticulture CDEs pursued a baccalaureate program in horticulture. These two student characteristics could be used as indicator data points to target recruitment of future horticulture students. Data about the high school programs that generated contest participants were also summarized. Exceling in the CDE contests was not an indicator CDE participants would pursue a baccalaureate degree in horticulture. These analyses suggest FFA CDEs have some potential to optimize student recruitment efforts.

scholarly journals LEVELIZED COST OF ENERGY (LCOE) ANALYSIS OF HEXCRETE WIND TOWERS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nahvi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Wind power generation has witnessed a dramatic growth in the 21st century. The Department of Energy (DOE) had a vision for wind energy that it would change into an extensively greater part of overall power generation in the U.S. by 2050. As specified by the DOE, wind power generation has grown by trifold from 2008 to 2013. This study presents a constructible, financially feasible alternative wind tower design to the 80 m steel tower platform which has the potential to decrease the overall Levelized cost of energy (LCOE). A hexagonal concrete wind tower solution is evaluated to facilitate the fabrication of a taller wind turbine generator to harvest more powerful, stable, and frequent wind resources for elevating wind energy production to cut down the overall LCOE. Subject matter experts from the industry were benefitted from to develop a process and estimate the cost and schedule of development and assembly of this process. To mitigate uncertainties and quantify risks, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on cost and schedule estimates. Also, estimating LCOE of wind towers is a primary requirement for efficient assimilation of wind power generation in the electricity market. In the state of Iowa, wind power is rapidly becoming a significant electricity generator. Unpredictable outputs and different options for deploying wind towers are one of the major problems of power system operators. Good estimation tools are important and will be needed to integrate wind energy into the economic power plant. The other objective of this research is to propose a GIS-based map to visualize LCOE of different wind tower construction options in various locations. Therefore, wind speed GIS mapping by using weather information will be crucial. Calculation of energy output by applying wind gradient formula to wind speeds energy are performed. The research concludes of Hexcrete towers can be achieved by use of the 120m and 140 m Hexcrete tower platform on certain wind sites in the United States.

scholarly journals The hidden value of large-rotor, tall-tower wind turbines in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2093394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Wiser ◽  
Dev Millstein ◽  
Mark Bolinger ◽  
Seongeun Jeong ◽  
Andrew Mills
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Tower Height ◽  
Large Rotor

The significant upscaling of wind turbine size (nameplate capacity, rotor diameter, and tower height) has, to date, been driven primarily by a goal of minimizing the levelized cost of energy. But with wind’s levelized cost of energy now comparable with that of other generating resources, other design considerations besides cost-minimization have grown in importance—particularly as wind’s increasing market penetration begins to impose challenges on the electric grid. We find that taller towers and larger rotors (relative to nameplate capacity) can enhance the value of wind energy to the electricity system and provide other “hidden” benefits. Specifically, in regions where wind penetration has reached around 20%, we find a boost in wholesale market value of US$2–US$3/MWh. This is augmented by transmission, balancing, and financing benefits that sum to roughly US$2/MWh. The aggregate potential value enhancement of US$4–US$5/MWh is comparable with a 10%–15% reduction in levelized costs.

scholarly journals Opportunities for and challenges to further reductions in the “specific power” rating of wind turbines installed in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 0309524X1990101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bolinger ◽  
Eric Lantz ◽  
Ryan Wiser ◽  
Ben Hoen ◽  
Joseph Rand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Markets ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Capacity Constrained ◽  
Swept Area

A wind turbine’s “specific power” rating relates its capacity to the swept area of its rotor in terms of Watt per square meter. For a given generator capacity, specific power declines as rotor size increases. In land-rich but capacity-constrained wind power markets, such as the United States, developers have an economic incentive to maximize megawatt-hours per constrained megawatt, and so have favored turbines with ever-lower specific power. To date, this trend toward lower specific power has pushed capacity factors higher while reducing the levelized cost of energy. We employ geospatial levelized cost of energy analysis across the United States to explore whether this trend is likely to continue. We find that under reasonable cost scenarios (i.e. presuming that logistical challenges from very large blades are surmountable), low-specific-power turbines could continue to be in demand going forward. Beyond levelized cost of energy, the boost in market value that low-specific-power turbines provide could become increasingly important as wind penetration grows.

A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) Model for Wind Farms That Includes Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Energy Delivery Limits

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Bruck ◽  
Navid Goudarzi ◽  
Peter Sandborn
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
The Cost

The cost of energy is an increasingly important issue in the world as renewable energy resources are growing in demand. Performance-based energy contracts are designed to keep the price of energy as low as possible while controlling the risk for both parties (i.e., the Buyer and the Seller). Price and risk are often balanced using complex Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). Since wind is not a constant supply source, to keep risk low, wind PPAs contain clauses that require the purchase and sale of energy to fall within reasonable limits. However, the existence of those limits also creates pressure on prices causing increases in the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Depending on the variation in capacity factor (CF), the power generator (the Seller) may find that the limitations on power purchasing given by the utility (the Buyer) are not favorable and will result in higher costs of energy than predicted. Existing cost models do not take into account energy purchase limitations or variations in energy production when calculating an LCOE. A new cost model is developed to evaluate the price of electricity from wind energy under a PPA contract. This study develops a method that an energy Seller can use to negotiate delivery penalties within their PPA. This model has been tested on a controlled wind farm and with real wind farm data. The results show that LCOE depends on the limitations on energy purchase within a PPA contract as well as the expected performance characteristics associated with wind farms.

scholarly journals Development of Euphorbia pulcherrima under Reduced Finish Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Camberato ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez ◽  
Brian A. Krug
Keyword(s):  
Final Height ◽  
Early Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reduced Temperature ◽  
Short Days

The holiday poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch.) is the number two potted flowering crop sold in the United States with a reported wholesale value of $146 million in 2010. Profitability is increasingly threatened as the cost to heat greenhouses has increased by over 90% in the last 10 years. As energy costs continue to increase and poinsettia prices remain relatively constant, growers are seeking cultivars that can be finished under reduced temperatures. Our objectives were to quantify how reduced temperature finishing (RTF) 2 weeks after the start of short days influences height, bract area index, and time to anthesis of poinsettia. Eight red poinsettia cultivars were selected based on their early response attributes (initiate and finish within 6 to 8 weeks), moderate to high vigor, and naturally large bracts. Rooted cuttings were grown at day/night temperature set points (12 h/12 h) of 24/19 °C until 15 Oct. and under a 16-h photoperiod consisting of natural daylengths with day-extension lighting until 1 Oct. On 15 Oct., plants were transferred to day/night temperatures (12 h/12 h) of 20/14, 21/17, or 24/19 °C. Time to anthesis from the start of short days was 60 and 55 days at 24/19 °C and 76 and 68 days at a reduced finishing temperature of 20/14 °C for ‘Prestige Early Red’ and ‘Early Orion Red’, respectively. Final height was not significantly influenced by RTF in either cultivar. Our results indicate that RTF is a viable option that greenhouse growers can use to help reduce energy costs of carefully selected poinsettia cultivars.

scholarly journals Znaczenie kosztów energii w zależności od typu gospodarstw rolnych

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Piotr Gołasa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

In the first part of the paper presents economic basis of growing importance of energy costs and consumption in agriculture. The second part based on FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) presents importance of energy costs for individual farms in relation to their type. It was revealed that the cost of energy have the greatest significance for the horticulture farms, representing up to 33% of all costs incurred. In other types of households energy costs represent from 7.24% of the cost for the permanent crops up to 15.75% for the field crops. In the period 2007–2012 there was an increase in the cost of energy in almost all types of households (with the exception of horticulture) both average per farm and per 1 ha of agricultural land.

Trends in Nasal Spray Prescribing Patterns by Otolaryngologists in the US Medicare Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110609
Author(s):  
Celeste Kim ◽  
Erica Tran ◽  
Ian Kim ◽  
Kevin Hur
Keyword(s):  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Ipratropium Bromide ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Kaiser Family Foundation ◽  
Nasal Sprays ◽  
Medicare Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: To quantify national and state-level prescribing and cost trends for the 3 most prescribed nasal sprays by otolaryngologists in the Medicare population. Methods: Through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) database and the Kaiser Family Foundation, we retrieved data on Medicare enrollment and on claims and costs of fluticasone propionate, azelastine HCl, and ipratropium bromide prescribed by otolaryngologists from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. Results: From 2013 to 2017, CMS reimbursed $128.8 million for 5.2 million claims of fluticasone propionate, azelastine HCl, and ipratropium bromide prescribed by otolaryngologists. The national claim rate for fluticasone propionate increased 6.5% per year from 2013 to 2015 and then decreased 4.3% per year from 2015 to 2017 while azelastine HCl and ipratropium bromide consistently increased annually (19.0% and 12.2% respectively) from 2013 to 2017. The cost for fluticasone propionate decreased 33.0% a year from 2013 to 2015 and then increased 5.4% annually to $13.60 per claim in 2017. Azelastine HCl decreased 14.8% annually from $91.30 to $50.23 per claim and ipratropium bromide increased 5.2% annually to $34.78 in 2017. Variations in the claim rate and cost for all 3 nasal sprays were observed in some states. Conclusions: Otolaryngologists are prescribing azelastine HCl and ipratropium at an increasingly higher rate in the Medicare population, while the rate for fluticasone propionate has been decreasing nationally. Utilization and costs of nasal sprays also vary geographically across the United States.

Hospitalizations with TB, California, 2009–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 640-647
Author(s):  
A. Readhead ◽  
G. Cooksey ◽  
J. Flood ◽  
P. Barry
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The Cost

BACKGROUND: Hospitalization is a costly event that affects more than half of all TB patients in the United States. State-level hospitalization data are crucial in estimating the cost of TB disease and the financial impact of preventing TB.METHODS: We used California administrative hospital discharge data from 2009 to 2017 to characterize TB hospitalizations in comparison with non-neonatal, non-maternal hospitalizations. TB hospitalization was defined as a hospitalization with a TB ICD-9/10 code as the primary diagnosis. We estimated hospitalization costs in 2017 dollars from reported charges using cost-to-charge ratios.RESULTS: In comparison to persons hospitalized for other conditions, persons hospitalized for TB in 2017 were more likely to be male, of working age, and Asian/Pacific Islander. The median cost for TB hospitalizations was US$22,807 vs. US$11,568 for other hospitalizations. The median length of stay for TB hospitalizations was 12 days compared to 3 days for other hospitalizations. Medicaid was expected to pay for 50% of TB hospitalizations costing US$21,438,208.CONCLUSIONS: Societal cost estimates of TB hospitalization should be updated to reflect long hospital stays and the disproportionate burden on working age persons. This analysis enhances our understanding of the high cost of TB care and underscores the costs averted if TB cases are prevented.

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