scholarly journals Znaczenie kosztów energii w zależności od typu gospodarstw rolnych

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Piotr Gołasa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

In the first part of the paper presents economic basis of growing importance of energy costs and consumption in agriculture. The second part based on FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) presents importance of energy costs for individual farms in relation to their type. It was revealed that the cost of energy have the greatest significance for the horticulture farms, representing up to 33% of all costs incurred. In other types of households energy costs represent from 7.24% of the cost for the permanent crops up to 15.75% for the field crops. In the period 2007–2012 there was an increase in the cost of energy in almost all types of households (with the exception of horticulture) both average per farm and per 1 ha of agricultural land.

scholarly journals Energy Squad

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (05) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Winters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Manufacturers

This article focuses on the fact that even as energy and commodity cost increases, working efficiently has been made a bigger priority than ever for small manufacturers, wherein the power consumption is being scaled back. The share of the United States’ energy supply going to industry has dropped steadily over the past few decades. Returns on energy-saving investments are pretty good, but proposals for making those sorts of investments are often held to an incredibly high standard. The recommendations that are most often adopted, such as reducing the temperature of water used in a process or repairing leaks in lines and valves, pay back the initial investment in a couple of months. While energy costs can be cut significantly—even easily—it is an expense that many managers find easy to overlook. For most manufacturers, the cost of energy accounts for just a small percentage of their overall expenses.

scholarly journals Comparison of selected indicators of farms in the EU member states

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bašek ◽  
J. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Member States ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Eu

The following international comparison of selected indicators of farms stems from the official results of investigations on holdings incorporated in the "Farm Accountancy Data Network" (FADN) and it is based on the standard outputs recalculated for the average agricultural holding in each Member State. The paper accepts the mandatory concept that defines the basic indicators serving to illustrate the creation and division of income from farming in the FADN system. The presentation of the results develops from the indicators assessing the overall agricultural production divided into its basic components. Production and cost indicators, operational subsidies, gross and net added value per one hectare of agricultural land, or per one AWU and other derived indicators are analysed.

scholarly journals U.S. Clean Carbon Costs: An Investigation of Georgia Markets and Solar Technology [Kennesaw State University]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carnell Tate ◽  
Sridhar Palle ◽  
Jeffrey Wagner
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
State University ◽  
Carbon Costs ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solar Technology

This paper investigates how geographical variations affect energy costs throughout the United States by using a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) model. The objective was to deconstruct a nationwide LCOE model and investigate the assumptions that are made on a state level; in this case, Georgia was the chosen sample to exhibit how challenges in solar technology affect the cost of clean carbon energy.

scholarly journals Smart Home: Power Electric Monitoring and Control in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Novian Adi Prasetyo ◽  
Andhika Galuh Prabawati ◽  
Suyoto Suyoto
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitor And Control ◽  
At Home

<p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">The development of the Internet of Things Industry in Indonesia is increasing rapidly from year to year. One of the uses in this industry is being able to carry out monitoring, control, and analysis. The smart home is one of the applications of IoT that is used in households to make it easier for humans to monitor and control all devices at home. Most homes in Indonesia have various commonly used resources, these are water, electricity, and gas. These resources will run out quickly if humans cannot use them properly. Therefore we need to monitor and control the resources we have at home. One of the resources that will be monitored and controlled in this study is electricity resources because it is more widely used in every corner of the house and almost all household devices use these electricity resources.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">This research proposes a way to do electricity use effectiveness with monitoring and power control using cloud-based IoT. The proposal discussed in the paper is expected to have other benefits besides saving electricity resources, but it is also expected to reduce the cost of energy use at home.</p>

scholarly journals A Cost Model for PV Based Renewable Energy Projects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Ibrahim ◽  
M. elbayoumi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Photo Voltaic ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The energy from renewable sources had always been perceived as free or at least lower cost energy, with its sourcing from natural sources such as solar radiation and wind energy. In actual the cost breakdown of renewable energy would exceed that of traditional energy sources in almost all cases. This study attempts to produce a cost model for renewable energy systems. The model takes into account different requirements and site variations into account. In this paper; elements of cost model Renewable Energy System (RES) especially photo-voltaic solar systems has been investigated. Cost items are presented alongside a to-do checklist for new Photo-Voltaic (PV) solar energy system. The goal of this study is to construct a model that would cover the cost sources as well as bring into attention the unexpected sources of cost variations that includes all possible cost items of new solar renewable energy system. The feasibility of the new system is expressed in terms of Total Cost (T.C) and Cost of Energy (COE). The model can evaluate feasibility of off-grid as well as on-grid systems. The model investigated properly as well as an empirical analysis and verified through results comparison with reviewed case studies. The results revealed that cost of off-grid systems are higher than cost of on-grid systems due to cost of batteries as well as cost of standby generators. So, it would be more feasible to use off-grid system only in remote or isolated area. Risk Cost lists, ranking and successful factors of new renewable project are exhibited.

scholarly journals A WAY TO REDUCE THE COST OF ENERGY RESOURCES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF JSC «INVERTER», ORENBURG

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12(62)) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
A.V. Danysh ◽  
S.A. Dedeeva
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

This article sets the goal of reducing the cost of energy resources for the production of products, describes in detail the proposed technology, and also conducts an economic calculation of the effectiveness of this proposal. This work presents an opportunity to introduce technology to reduce energy costs for industrial production.

Analysis of energy efficiency of polder of pumping stations in a Slavsk district of the Kaliningrad region

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Yuriy Spirin ◽  
Vladimir Puntusov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Excess Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Power

In the Kaliningrad region there are about 70 % of all polder lands in Russia. On these lands with high potential fertility, it is advisable to intensive agriculture. The area for the average moisture year is an area with excessive moisture, which indicates the need to maintain the rate of drainage on agricultural land. Many different factors play a role in ensuring the drainage rate, one of which is pumping stations and pumping equipment installed on them. An important parameter in the use of pump-power equipment is energy consumption, since in this industry it is a considerable expense item. Improving the energy efficiency of pumping stations on polders is a pressing issue today. At the majority of polder pumping stations, domestic power pumping equipment is installed with excess power and head of 4–8 meters, and a new one is selected based on the maximum possible head in a given place. In the Kaliningrad region, the energy efficiency of polder pumping equipment has never been analyzed. In this paper, a statistical processing of the geodesic pressure of water at the polder pumping stations of the Slavsk region for 2000–2002 was carried out. On the basis of these data and data on the hydraulic characteristics of pressure pipelines, the calculated water pressures were determined for the rational selection of pumping equipment. The calculation of the economic efficiency of pumps with optimal power compared with pumps of excess capacity. The results of the study can serve as a justification for the transition to the pumping equipment with less power and pressure, which will lead to a decrease in the cost of money for electricity.

Optical properties of a thin layer of the Vanadium dioxide at the metal state

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2303-2310
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Benchaib ◽  
Abdesselam Mdaa ◽  
Izeddine Zorkani ◽  
Anouar Jorio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Metal State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reversible Phase

The vanadium dioxide VO₂ currently became very motivating for the nanotechnologies’ researchers. It makes party of the intelligent materials because these optical properties abruptly change semiconductor state with metal at a critical  temperature θ = 68°C. This transition from reversible phase is carried out from a monoclinical structure characterizing its semiconductor state at low temperature towards the metal state of this material which becomes tétragonal rutile for  θ ˃ 68°C ; it is done during a few nanoseconds. Several studies were made on this material in a massive state and a thin layer. We will simulate by Maple the constant optics of a thin layer of VO₂ thickness z = 82 nm for the metal state according to the energy ω of the incidental photons in the energy interval: 0.001242 ≤ ω(ev) ≤ 6, from the infra-red (I.R) to the ultra-violet (U.V) so as to be able to control the various technological nano applications, like the detectors I.R or the U.V,  the intelligent windows to  increase  the energy efficiency in the buildings in order to save the cost of energy consumption by electric air-conditioning and the paintings containing nano crystals of this material. The constant optics, which we will simulate, is: the index of refraction, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, the coefficient of extinction, the dielectric functions ԑ₁ real part and  ԑ₂  imaginary part of the permittivity complexes ԑ of this material and the coefficient absorption. 

Automated Control of the Microclimate in the Premises of Pig-Breeding Complexes

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Yu. Ukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

In the pig breeding, a large share of the production cost is accounted for by the cost of electricity and heat. Reducing energy costs is one of the important tasks of the industry. It is important to identify and study modern technologies and equipment for pig farming due to the constant increase in electricity tariffs, significant energy costs for creating and maintaining a microclimate. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in an analysis of modern available technologies and equipment for agricultural production, including pig farming, allowing to reduce the cost of production. (Materials and methods) Authors used a method for determining the standard indicators of energy consumption of energy resources in the pig industry, based on the calculation and analytical method. The article presents an analyze of automated microclimate management systems in pig breeding complexes, taking into account the individual characteristics of farms produced by OWEN. (Results and discussion) Automated microclimate management systems can improve the productivity of pig farms; reduce the cost of electrical and thermal energy, reduce the number of diseases of animal from hypothermia, high humidity or temperature in the room, feed consumption; monitor the chemical composition of the air. The article considers three options for creating a microclimate in rooms with animals, taking into account the individual characteristics of enterprises. (Conclusions) The profitability of pig production depend on the level of technical equipment of farms, automation, and the use of energy-saving technologies and equipment. The use of innovations in agricultural production makes it possible to increase labor productivity up to three times, and savings due to reduced feed costs can reach several million rubles a year.

scholarly journals An explanatory study of the use of e-mail investor communication by South African listed companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roelof Baard ◽  
George Nel
Keyword(s):  
Listed Companies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Handling Performance ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
E Mail

Background: Although research shows that almost all listed companies have corporate websites with dedicated investor relations (IR) sections that enable companies to ‘push’ information to investors, it was argued that such an asymmetrical approach to communication is insufficient for companies wishing to exercise good IR. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Internet to act as a mechanism to achieve more interactive communication between companies and investors.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the responsiveness, timeliness and relevance of companies’ responses to e-mail requests, and to test for the determinants (size, market-to-book ratio, profitability, leverage and liquidity) thereof.Method: The mystery investor approach and a content analysis were used to study the e-mail handling performance of companies. The associations between company-specific characteristics were statistically tested.Results: It was found that the e-mail handling performance of companies in this study was poor compared with previous studies. Significant relationships between company size and responsiveness and relevance, and between market-to-book ratio and relevance were reported, as well as between the contact method used to request information and relevance and the use of social media and timeliness.Conclusion: Specific areas where companies could improve their investor communications were identified. The need for further research was discussed to explain some of the relationships found, as well as those not found, in contrast to what was expected. Future research is warranted to examine the relationship between the e-mail handling performance of companies and information asymmetry and the cost of equity of companies.

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