Understanding Individual Political Ideology: Determinants and Tolerance

Political polarization and antipathy has grown greatly in the last few decades, causing more than simple political issues, having the ability to hurt regular peoples’ livelihood. The best way to help remedy this issue is for all people, regardless of ideological stance, to see those with a differing stance as decent people with perhaps a different approach. Therefore, understanding what factors make people think a certain way is a must. A two-variable axis was developed for this paper to more objectively measure ideology and to limit false ideological moderation as much as possible. This study used a 3 survey system with 16 unique ideological questions based on common political issues. The study asked for demographic information like Age and Gender, as well as unique factors theism, GPA, and tolerance. Results corroborated those of polling studies, as well as showed that Theism has a strong grip on ethical issues, GPA has very little effect, and those that tolerated opposing ideas tended to have a more traditional ethical view.

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A message of the majority with scientific evidence encourages young people to show their prosocial nature in COVID-19 vaccination

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02230-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Toshiko Tanaka ◽

Tsuyoshi Nihonsugi ◽

Fumio Ohtake ◽

Masahiko Haruno

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Online Survey ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Japanese People ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Self Interest ◽

And Gender ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThe most promising way to prevent the explosive spread of COVID-19 infection is to achieve herd immunity through vaccination. It is therefore important to motivate those who are less willing to be vaccinated. To address this issue, we conducted an online survey of 6232 Japanese people to investigate age- and gender-dependent differences in attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and the underlying psychological processes. We asked participants to read one of nine different messages about COVID-19 vaccination and rate their willingness to be vaccinated. We also collected their 17 social personality trait scores and demographic information. We found that males 10–20 years old were least willing to be vaccinated. We also found that prosocial traits are the driving force for young people, but the motivation in older people also depends on risk aversion and self-interest. Furthermore, an analysis of 9 different messages demonstrated that for young people (particularly males), the message emphasizing the majority’s intention to vaccinate and scientific evidence for the safety of the vaccination had the strongest positive effect on the willingness to be vaccinated, suggesting that the “majority + scientific evidence” message nudges young people to show their prosocial nature in action.

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Willingness to pay for improved water supplies in rural Ugandan villages

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2013.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 490-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Steven G. Wright ◽

Daya Muralidharan ◽

Alex S. Mayer ◽

William S. Breffle

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Probit Model ◽

Water Source ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Valuation Method ◽

And Gender ◽

Bidding Process

The contingent valuation method was used to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for the operation and maintenance of an improved water source in the villages of Kigisu and Rubona in rural Uganda. The survey was conducted in August 2011 and administered to 122 households out of 400 in the community, gathering demographic information, health and water behaviors, and using an iterative bidding process to estimate WTP per 20 L for a public tap. The data were analyzed using an ordered probit model, which predicts monetary intervals for households' WTP. The model predicts a mean WTP of 356 Ugandan shillings (USD 0.183) per 20 L from a public tap. It was determined that the number of children in the home and the distance from the existing source are significant in influencing household's WTP, while income, age, and gender are not.

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CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.03.382 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (03) ◽

pp. 392-395

Author(s):

Irfan Elahi ◽

Zeshan Nasir ◽

Sajjad Ahmed ◽

Shamsa Raheel

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Bright Light ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Nail Changes ◽

Study Methodology ◽

And Gender ◽

Hands And Feet ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of typesof nail changes in chronic kidney disease. Settings: Nephrology department, Mayo HospitalLahore. Duration of Study: From July 2016 to March 2017. Study Design: Descriptive Crosssectional study. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was filled for data collection. 220CKD patients were recruited. Basic demographic information like age and gender was obtainedfrom cases. Examination of nails of both hands and feet was done under bright light and anyabnormalities were noted on the structured performa. Nail changes were recorded as peroperational definition. Results: In our study, out of 220 cases, 61.36% (n=135) cases werebetween 15-50 years of age while 38.64% (n=85) were between 51-85 years of age, mean+sdwas calculated as 48.11+8.11 years, 57.27% (n=126) were male and 42.73% (n=94) werefemales, 16.36% (n=36) had half and half nails, 21.82% (n=48) had Koilonychia, 2.73% (n=6)had Beau’s lines, 48.64% (n=107) had Absent lanula, 1.36%(n=3) had Leuconychia, 5% (n=11)had Pitting, 1.82% (n=4) had Onycholysis, 2.27% (n=5) had Onychomycosis. Conclusion: Weconcluded that the frequency of nail changes in chronic kidney disease is significantly higherwhile absent lanula is a leading nail disorder followed by koilonychias and half and half nails inthese cases. Some other trials are required to validate our findings.

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Social Engineering Techniques, Password Selection, and Health Care Legislation

Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments in Data Privacy - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-7381-6.ch005 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 85-99

Author(s):

B. Dawn Medlin ◽

Joseph A. Cazier

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Medical Records ◽

Social Engineering ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Computer Screen ◽

Care Workers ◽

Medical Histories ◽

And Gender ◽

Health Care Records

Healthcare employees generally have access to view hospital patient's medical records. This access can be simply viewing their chart or reviewing information on a computer screen. With this type of accessibly, hospital employees have the opportunity to view diagnosis, personal medical histories, as well as demographic information such as age and gender. Social engineers can use methods such as familiarity with co-workers for instance to obtain this information from unsuspecting health care workers. In addition, weak password selection can provide opportunities for a wealth of information to be stolen. In this chapter, current security legislation that addresses the security of patient's health care records, social engineering tactics, and passwords are explored.

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Comparison of Conservative versus Surgical Management of Acute Appendicitis in Terms of Hospital Stay

10.53350/pjmhs211581927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1927-1930

Author(s):

Shabbir Ahmad ◽

Kamran Ali ◽

Ahsan Nasim ◽

Fowad Karim

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Surgical Management ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Total Duration ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Equal Distribution ◽

Conservative Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender

Aim: To compare the hospital stay of patients of appendicitis with conservative or surgical management in context of age and gender. Study design: Randomize Controlled Trial Methods: Purposive sampling technique was used. G power calculator was used to compute the total number of participants. Diagnosed appendix patients (n=100) with equal distribution of treatment conservative (n=50) and appendectomy (n=50) with age ranges of 16 years to 45 years (conservative group=31.26±9.13 and appendectomy group=29.32±7.96) were included. Patients with a final diagnosis of appendicitis presenting within 24 hours of onset were included in the study. While appendicular mass, perforated appendix, gangrenous appendix with signs of peritonitis, patients with chronic co-morbid conditions e.g. DM and patients with bleeding disorders, renal insufficiency, and liver problems were excluded from the study. Demographic form and MANTRELS Score (Alvarado, 1986) were used to collect data of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore by considering all the ethical issues. Total duration of this study was six months. Results: Significant difference (t =10.61: p<0.05) was found in term of hospital stay of patients in conservative group (3.02±0.82 days) and appendectomy group (1.58±0.50 days). Results were also significant on the scores of Alvarado and age. Conclusion: This study showed significant differences in both groups (appendicitis and conservative) in terms of hospital stay, age and gender. Keywords: Appendectomy, conservative treatment, hospital stay

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