scholarly journals Connecting Stereotypes of South Asians in the American Media to South Asian Teenagers’ Internalized Racism

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitha Viswanathan ◽  
Brian Vernachio
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Internalized Racism ◽  
Racial Equity ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
Fair Representation ◽  
American Media ◽  
Asian Stereotypes

2020 put the entire world upside down in its call for racial equity and justice. During these unveiling times, minorities in America have come forward in protest of racial and ethnic stereotypes which Hollywood still plays into. This research paper capitalized on the removal and protest of these characters and dove more specifically into South Asian stereotypes which have been reinforced by television show and movie characters. The claim in these cries of disapproval for these stereotypes was that it caused internalized racism in people who were brought up watching these stereotypes forced upon them. As building a body of knowledge progressed, the unmade connection of stereotypes to internalized racism in formal research became apparent, and therefore the research paper intended to see if there was a correlation between South Asian stereotypes and internalized racism. In order to identify internalized racism among South Asian teenagers, an open-ended survey was used as a method, followed by a mixed analysis to identify self-stereotyping indicators which would denote internalized racism. The research in the end did find a staunch correlation between the South Asian stereotypes and internalized racism in today’s South Asian teenagers. While today’s teenagers cannot rid themselves of the stereotypes already imposed on them, future South Asian children might possibly have accurate and fair representation in subsequent years.

Domestic Violence Victimization among South Asian Immigrant Men and Women in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Abha Rai ◽  
Y. Joon Choi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Immigrant Men ◽  
South Asian Immigrant

Domestic violence is a pernicious social problem in the United States and a cause of national concern. The South Asian culture disempowers individuals experiencing domestic violence from recognizing and reporting victimization. Structural inequities may also discourage reporting victimization. These issues have led to inconsistent findings of domestic violence prevalence rates. Additionally, domestic violence studies with South Asians in the United States have predominantly focused on women, omitting men from this purview of research. The purpose of this study was to examine domestic violence victimization rates as well as their correlates among South Asian immigrant men and women. The sample for this cross-sectional study included 468 South Asians across the 50 U.S. states. Descriptive statistics were used to establish rates of domestic violence victimization. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of domestic violence victimization. All of the sociodemographic information was added in step 1, and acculturation and gender-role attitudes were added as covariates in step 2. The most prevalent type of domestic violence victimization was physical violence (48%), followed by emotional (38%), economic (35%), verbal (27%), immigration-related (26%), in-laws related (19%), and ultimately sexual abuse (11%). Prevalence rates were higher for women than for men in each type of violence. According to the logistic regression results, education, generational position, family type, and employment were significant correlates of domestic violence victimization. Prior to development of prevention programs by community agencies, it is essential to understand the nature and prevalence of domestic violence experiences among South Asians. The victimization of men in addition to women adds to the novelty of this research study and paves the way for practitioners and scholars to engage in conversations about providing both male and female victims of domestic violence with the needed resources and support. The article will discuss implications for research, practice, and policy.

Abstract P199: Mean Lipoprotein Levels and Composition in South Asian-Americans Compared to the US Population

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Flowers ◽  
Cesar Molina ◽  
Ashish Mathur ◽  
Bradley Aouizerat ◽  
Mintu Turakhia
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
South Asian Americans ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Us

Background South Asians have increased disk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is not captured by traditional risk factors, including TC and LDL-c. Low-density apolipoprotein-B (apoB) containing lipoproteins are heterogeneous in size and composition, and the particles with the greatest triglyceride content are thought to ultimately be the most atherogenic. Specific composition of low-density lipoproteins is not captured by common lipid measures (i.e. TC, LDL-c). A high proportion of triglyceride-rich low-density lipoproteins could be a mechanism for CVD risk in South Asians. Our objective was to compare mean TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, and apoB-triglyceride ratio (an estimate of low-density lipoprotein content) between South Asian-Americans and the US population. Methods We studied 2,876 South Asian adults living in the United States participating in a wellness program. Demographics were obtained by self-report. Lipoprotein levels were measured after 10-hour fast. US population means were calculated from NHANES (2007-2008, n = 5,113). Individuals on lipid-lowering therapy were excluded (780 (33%) South Asians, 1,194 (19%) NHANES). Results LDL-c (118mg/dL vs 116mg/dL, p<0.05) and triglycerides (139mg/dL vs 131 mg/dL, p<0.05) were higher in South Asians than the US population, whereas TC was lower (192mg/dL vs 197 mg/dL, p<0.05). HDL-c was lower in South Asians (46mg/dL vs 52mg/dL, p<0.05). ApoB was not statistically significantly different (93mg/dL vs 92mg/dL, p = 0.1), however the apoB/triglyceride ratio was lower in South Asians (0.8 vs 0.9, p<0.05). After stratifying for age by decade and gender, we found that South Asians have lower HDL-c until the age of 50, and lower apoB/triglyceride ratio until the age of 60, with no substantial differences between men and women. Conclusions Mean TC, LDL-c, and triglycerides were normal in South Asians, however the apoB/triglyceride ratio was lower in South Asians than in the US population. This finding indicates that a higher proportion of low-density lipoproteins in South Asians are of the triglyceride-rich atherogenic type. This may portend non-HDL-c as a better indicator of CVD risk than LDL-c in South Asians. Further, low apoB/triglyceride ratio and low HDL-c occurs at a young age in South Asians, suggesting that onset of risk is early. The disappearance of these patterns after age 60 may be the result of sample bias (excluding individuals on lipid lowering therapy), and/or survival bias.

Promoting allyship among South Asian and Arab Muslims toward Black and Latino/a Muslims in American Islamic centers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausheen Pasha-Zaidi ◽  
Meg Aum Warren ◽  
Yvonne Pilar El Ashmawi ◽  
Neneh Kowai-Bell
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Islam In America ◽  
The Us ◽  
Racial Dialogue ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Black And Latino

Increased social justice awareness in the United States and shifting demographics are giving birth to a more diverse and egalitarian generation. Improving relations across social categories has been a key topic in di-versity, equity, and inclusion work, but less emphasis has been placed on cross-racial allyship within mi-nority populations. While allyship in racial contexts is often perceived as a White versus non-White issue, this binary position erases the diversity that exists within communities of color. A dichotomous approach to allyship that positions White heterosexual males as the primary holders of privilege does not address the disparities that exist within and across minoritized communities. While Arabs and South Asians are minori-ties in the US on a macrolevel, they often hold privileged positions in Islamic centers and other Muslim spaces—even though Black Americans make up a larger percentage of the Muslim population. Additional-ly, there is an increasing number of Latino/a Muslims in the US, but they are often invisible in larger con-versations about Islam in America as well as in discourse among Muslim Americans. In this chapter, we explore the concept of allyship and how South Asian and Arab Muslims can support and advocate for Black and Latino/a Muslims in American Islamic centers. We also discuss Islamophobia in the US as well as the anti-Blackness and racism that exists within Muslim communities and provide suggestions on how Islamic centers can serve as spaces of allyship and cross-racial dialogue.

scholarly journals Molecular adaptation in adipose tissue in response to overfeeding with a high-fat diet under sedentary conditions in South Asian and Caucasian men

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Siti N. Wulan ◽  
Freek G. Bouwman ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp ◽  
Edwin C. M. Mariman ◽  
Guy Plasqui
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
South Asian ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Molecular Adaptation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Caucasian Men

AbstractFor the same BMI, South Asians have a higher body fat percentage than Caucasians. There might be differences in the fatty acid (FA) handling in adipose tissue when both ethnicities are exposed to high-fat overfeeding. The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular adaptation in relation to FA metabolism in response to overfeeding with a high-fat diet (OHFD) in South Asian and Caucasian men. Ten South Asian men (BMI 18–29 kg/m2) and ten Caucasian men (BMI 22–33 kg/m2), matched for body fat percentage, aged 20–40 years were included. A weight-maintenance diet (30 % fat, 55 % carbohydrate and 15 % protein) was given for 3 d followed by 3 d of overfeeding (150 % energy requirement) with a high-fat diet (60 % fat, 25 % carbohydrate and 15 % protein) while staying in a respiration chamber. Before and after overfeeding, abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken. Proteins were isolated, analysed and quantified for short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1α (CPT1a), adipose TAG lipase, perilipin A (PLINA), perilipin B, lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid binding protein 4 using Western blotting. OHFD decreased the HADH level (P &lt; 0·05) in Caucasians more than in Asians (P &lt; 0·05), but the baseline and after intervention HADH level was relatively higher in Caucasians. The level of CPT1a decreased in South Asians and increased in Caucasians (P &lt; 0·05). PLINA did not change with diet but the level was higher in South Asians (P &lt; 0·05). The observed differences in HADH and PLINA levels as well as in CPT1a response may be important for differences in the long-term regulation of energy (fat) metabolism in these populations.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk assessment in South and Middle-East Asians living in the Western countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahrai Saeed ◽  
Alka M Kanaya ◽  
Louise Bennet ◽  
Peter M Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment ◽  
The West ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Western Countries

Nearly a quarter of the world population lives in the South Asian region (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives). Due to rapid demographic and epidemiological transition in these countries, the burden of non-communicable diseases is growing, which is a serious public health concern. Particularly, the prevalence of pre-diabetes, diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing. South Asians living in the West have also substantially higher risk of CVD and mortality compared with white Europeans and Americans. Further, as a result of global displacement over the past three decades, Middle-Eastern immigrants now represent the largest group of non-European immigrants in Northern Europe. This vulnerable population has been less studied. Hence, the aim of the present review was to address cardiovascular risk assessment in South Asians (primarily people from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh), and Middle-East Asians living in Western countries compared with whites (Caucasians) and present results from some major intervention studies. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed to identify major cardiovascular health studies of South Asian and Middle-Eastern populations living in the West, relevant for this review. Results indicated an increased risk of CVD. In conclusion, both South Asian and Middle-Eastern populations living in the West carry significantly higher risk of diabetes and CVD compared with native white Europeans. Lifestyle interventions have been shown to have beneficial effects in terms of reduction in the risk of diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity, weight loss as well as better glycemic and lipid control. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3292 How to cite this:Saeed S, Kanaya AM, Bennet L, Nilsson PM. Cardiovascular risk assessment in South and Middle-East Asians living in the Western countries. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3292 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Acculturation Strategies Among South Asian Immigrants: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda L. Needham ◽  
Bhramar Mukherjee ◽  
Pramita Bagchi ◽  
Catherine Kim ◽  
Arnab Mukherjea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
South Asian Immigrants ◽  
Acculturation Strategies

Abstract MP57: A South Asian Mediterranean-style Diet Pattern Is Associated With Favorable Measures Of Adiposity And A Lower Risk Of Incident Diabetes: Findings From The Masala Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharan K Rai ◽  
Alka M Kanaya ◽  
Namratha Kandula ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Diet Pattern

Introduction: South Asians are at a disproportionately high risk for cardiometabolic disease. The Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease in certain populations, although data among South Asians are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the association between a novel South Asian Mediterranean style (SAM) diet pattern and a broad panel of cardiometabolic markers from the MASALA study, an ongoing prospective cohort of South Asians in the US. Methods: We included 891 participants who completed the baseline visit (2010-13) with reliable responses to a validated ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaire (mean age 55 y; 47% female). We created the SAM score by grouping foods including those specific to this population’s cuisine into 9 pre-defined categories (vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, red/processed meats, fish, alcohol, and monounsaturated to saturated fat ratio). Participants above the median intake received 1 point per category; red/processed meats were reverse scored and those with alcohol intake 5-25 g/d received 1 point. We summed these for a score from 0-9, with higher scores reflecting greater adherence to a Mediterranean style diet. Participants underwent a clinical exam, carotid ultrasound, cardiac and abdominal CT, and fasting blood tests. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression to examine cross-sectional associations between the SAM score and cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for age, sex, calories, physical activity, smoking status, medical history, income, education level, and cultural beliefs. We additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI) in the full model. Finally, we examined the association between the SAM score and incident T2D at follow-up (~5 y later). Results: Participants with higher SAM scores tended to be older, more likely to have a bachelor’s degree, less likely to report experiences of discrimination, and less likely to be smokers. At baseline, the SAM score was inversely associated with pericardial fat volume (-1.22 ± 0.55 cm 3 per 1-unit increase in SAM score; p value=0.03) in the fully adjusted model. We observed an inverse association between the SAM score and visceral fat, but it was attenuated after additionally adjusting for BMI. There were no associations with subclinical atherosclerosis, glycemia measures, lipids, inflammatory markers, or uric acid. The SAM score was associated with a lower likelihood of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79 to 0.98) and fatty liver (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98), but not with hypertension. Finally, the SAM score was associated with lower odds of incident T2D (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.95) at follow-up. Conclusion: A greater intake of a Mediterranean style diet that incorporates traditional South Asian foods was associated with favorable measures of adiposity and a lower likelihood of incident T2D.

Abstract P149: A Large-scale Multi Ethnic Study of a Direct Measure of Insulin Sensitivity Demonstrates That South Asians are the Most Insulin Resistant Ethnic Group in the US

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica S Divakaruni ◽  
Fahim Abbasi ◽  
Manisha Desai ◽  
Cynthia A Lamendola ◽  
Latha Palaniappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Us ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Direct Measures

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a known risk factor for heart disease. Few studies have compared race/ethnic differences in IR using ‘gold standard’ direct measures of insulin sensitivity. Methods: A total of 892 non-diabetic subjects (548 White, 106 South Asian, 103 East Asian, 86 Hispanic and 49 Black) underwent a 4-hour insulin suppression test (IST) as a part of various IR related studies at Stanford over the last ∼20 years. We used generalized estimating equations assuming an exchangeable correlation structure to determine the association between race/ethnicity and steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) derived from an IST, accounting for correlation of outcomes among subjects from the same study. We similarly determined whether differences in plasma triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels among race/ethnic groups could be explained by differences in SSPG. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Results: Significant differences among the race/ethnic groups in SSPG were observed (p <0.001). South Asians were the most insulin resistant group with a mean increase in SSPG of 38 mg/dL, compared to whites after controlling for age, sex, and BMI, a difference equivalent to ∼1/2 of the standard deviation of SSPG. East Asians were the next most resistant group (mean +33 mg/dl SSPG compared to whites) followed by Hispanics (+20 mg/dl), Whites, and Blacks (−7 mg/dl). South Asians were the only group with significantly higher TG (mean +1.16 fold, p=0.04) and lower HDL (−3.0 mg/dl, p=0.02) levels compared to whites but these differences were no longer evident after controlling for SSPG. In contrast, Blacks had significantly lower TG (mean 0.8 fold, p = 0.006) compared to whites, but this difference was not at all mitigated after adjusting for SSPG. Blacks also had no significant differences in HDL compared to whites. Conclusions: Direct measures of insulin sensitivity suggest that South Asians are the most insulin resistant race/ethnic group in the US even after adjusting for the principal determinants of IR. IR may be largely responsible for differences in TG and HDL observed between South Asian and other race/ethnic groups. The etiologies behind differences in insulin sensitivity across race/ethnic groups remain to be determined.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanee Gupta-Carlson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian American ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
South Asian American ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
Race And Religion

The introduction introduces the central themes of the book and highlights its significance. It opens by exploring the wedding of the (a Hindu female of Indian ancestry) to a white, Christian male and places racial and religious tensions embedded in that event within the larger context of race and religion as organizing forces in American life. The introduction also describes auto-ethnography and discourse analysis, and discusses how these methods are used throughout the work. It also offers a profile of the South Asian American community in Muncie and of South Asians in the United States.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document