scholarly journals Moral Rights Laws and Income Disparity Between Artists in High and Low GDP States

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Avanesov ◽  
Robert Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
T Test ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The United States' laissez-faire approach to moral rights legislation has left many academics questioning the impact that these laws have on artists' welfare. In using artists' income as one component of measuring overall well-being, states with additional statewide moral rights legislation have been shown to contribute to more significant artist losses, in contrast to states with only federal legislation. At the same time, moral rights laws have been shown to have no impact on artists' choice of residency, leaving some artists possibly disadvantaged regarding their choice of residency. Utilizing a difference in differences framework, this paper explores the impact of moral rights legislation on artists' weekly incomes between moral rights states of varying outputs of GDP. Although results suggested that artists would lose approximately $0.18 per one billion dollar increase in GDP at the statewide level, after conducting an additional t-test, these findings were shown to have no statistical significance. Several limitations, most prominently a lack of data availability in the pre-law values required for the difference in differences framework, may have contributed to these findings. These indeterminate results leave the question of whether some artists remain economically disadvantaged as a result of moral rights legislation uncertain.  

The link between coronavirus, anxiety, and religious beliefs in the United States and United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rigoli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Impact

Research has shown that stress impacts on people’s religious beliefs. However, several aspects of this effect remain poorly understood, for example regarding the role of prior religiosity and stress-induced anxiety. This paper explores these aspects in the context of the recent coronavirus emergency. The latter has impacted dramatically on many people’s well-being; hence it can be considered a highly stressful event. Through online questionnaires administered to UK and USA citizens professing either Christian faith or no religion, this paper examines the impact of the coronavirus crisis upon common people’s religious beliefs. We found that, following the coronavirus emergency, strong believers reported higher confidence in their religious beliefs while non-believers reported increased scepticism towards religion. Moreover, for strong believers, higher anxiety elicited by the coronavirus threat was associated with increased strengthening of religious beliefs. Conversely, for non-believers, higher anxiety elicited by the coronavirus thereat was associated with increased scepticism towards religious beliefs. These observations are consistent with the notion that stress-induced anxiety enhances support for the ideology already embraced before a stressful event occurs. This study sheds light on the psychological and cultural implications of the coronavirus crisis, which represents one of the most serious health emergencies in recent times.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States and Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 100848
Author(s):  
Ganesh M. Babulal ◽  
Valeria L. Torres ◽  
Daisy Acosta ◽  
Cinthya Agüero ◽  
Sara Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Food Insecurity in the United States: Identification, Treatment, and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 772-773
Author(s):  
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili ◽  
Connie Bales ◽  
Julie Locher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Food insecurity is an under-recognized geriatric syndrome that has extensive implications in the overall health and well-being of older adults. Understanding the impact of food insecurity in older adults is a first step in identifying at-risk populations and provides a framework for potential interventions in both hospital and community-based settings. This symposium will provide an overview of current prevalence rates of food insecurity using large population-based datasets. We will present a summary indicator that expands measurement to include the functional and social support limitations (e.g., community disability, social isolation, frailty, and being homebound), which disproportionately impact older adults, and in turn their rate and experience of food insecurity and inadequate food access. We will illustrate using an example of at-risk seniors the association between sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, with rates of food security in the United States. The translational aspect of the symposium will then focus on identification of psychosocial and environmental risk factors including food insecurity in older veterans preparing for surgery within the Veterans Affairs Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health clinic. Gaining insights into the importance of food insecurity will lay the foundation for an intervention for food insecurity in the deep south. Our discussant will provide an overview of the implications of these results from a public health standpoint. By highlighting the importance of food insecurity, such data can potentially become a framework to allow policy makers to expand nutritional programs as a line of defense against hunger in this high-risk population.

The Impact of Regional Differences in Prices and Wages on Economic Growth: The United States in 1890

1979 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. P. Coelho ◽  
James F. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
City Size ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Differences in regional prices and wages are examined for the United States in 1890, together with the relationship between the cost of living and city size, and the determinants of regional industrial growth. Results indicate that regional cost-of-liying differences were sufficiently large so that money wages cannot be used for purposes of comparing the economic well-being of wage earners across regions. Except for the South, money wages and the cost of living were positively correlated. The relative differences in money wages, however, were greater; consequently real wages in high wage-price areas were generally higher.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Examining the case growth-rate due to Visitor vs Local Mobility using Machine Learning: A Study in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
satya katragadda ◽  
ravi teja bhupatiraju ◽  
vijay raghavan ◽  
ziad ashkar ◽  
raju gottumukkala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Local Mobility ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Travel patterns of humans play a major part in the spread of infectious diseases. This was evident in the geographical spread of COVID-19 in the United States. However, the impact of this mobility and the transmission of the virus due to local travel, compared to the population traveling across state boundaries, is unknown. This study evaluates the impact of local vs. visitor mobility in understanding the growth in the number of cases for infectious disease outbreaks. Methods: We use two different mobility metrics, namely the local risk and visitor risk extracted from trip data generated from anonymized mobile phone data across all 50 states in the United States. We analyzed the impact of just using local trips on infection spread and infection risk potential generated from visitors' trips from various other states. We used the Diebold-Mariano test to compare across three machine learning models. Finally, we compared the performance of models, including visitor mobility for all the three waves in the United States and across all 50 states. Results: We observe that visitor mobility impacts case growth and that including visitor mobility in forecasting the number of COVID-19 cases improves prediction accuracy by 34. We found the statistical significance with respect to the performance improvement resulting from including visitor mobility using the Diebold-Mariano test. We also observe that the significance was much higher during the first peak March to June 2020. Conclusion: With presence of cases everywhere (i.e. local and visitor), visitor mobility (even within the country) is shown to have significant impact on growth in number of cases. While it is not possible to account for other factors such as the impact of interventions, and differences in local mobility and visitor mobility, we find that these observations can be used to plan for both reopening and limiting visitors from regions where there are high number of cases.

Sexual Harassment Laws and Their Impact on the Work Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 657-683
Author(s):  
Philippe W. Zgheib
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of sexual harassment laws in a work environment. Different contexts are examined with different sexual harassment laws. The most vulnerable individuals are identified. The particular case of Lebanon is inspected where few laws regulate this matter. A comparison is established with the USA. Lebanon and the United States have a different view of sexual harassment. In Lebanon, no clear laws protect women. In addition, Lebanon is more tolerant than the United States. The difference in cultures also contributes in people's willingness to disclose harassment. In the United States, people are used to the concept of right and a judicial system that preserves it. In Lebanon, such a matter is taboo, and people are discouraged from disclosing to preserve their reputation.

The Domestic Politics of World Power: Explaining Debates over the United States Battleship Fleet, 1890–91

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 435-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Fordham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
World Power ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe United States' 1890–91 decision to begin building a battleship fleet, an important point in its development as a world power, can illuminate the domestic sources of foreign policy ambition. An analysis of roll-call votes in the House of Representatives indicates that socioeconomic divisions arising from industrialization strongly influenced support and opposition to the battleship fleet. This relationship worked mainly through trade policy interests: members of Congress from import-competing states tended to support the effort, while those from export-oriented states tended to oppose it. The patriotic symbolism of battleships at a time of labor unrest also helped motivate support for the program, though evidence of this pattern is less conclusive. Although party affiliation was crucial, it was also partly a function of economic structure, which shaped the two parties’ electoral fortunes. The impact of trade interests during this period is a mirror image of what previous research has found concerning the post-World War II era, when export-oriented interests tended to support American global activism and import-competing interests to oppose it. The reason for the difference is the Republican Party's commitment to trade protection, which strongly influenced both the goals of the policy and the identity of its supporters.

Pharmaceutical Prices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart O. Schweitzer ◽  
Z. John Lu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Pharmaceutical Pricing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Prices

This chapter provides a detailed examination of pharmaceutical pricing strategies in the United States. It points out that pharmaceutical expenditure as a share of total healthcare spending has historically been quite low in comparison to that of hospitalization and physician services. It identifies several common measures of pharmaceutical prices, and highlights the difference in conclusions reached based on different measures. It offers a critical review of several models used to explain pharmaceutical price behavior, which are grouped into three major categories: market structure models, R&D cost-based models, and product quality or value based models. The chapter concludes that prices of brand-name drugs in the United States are largely driven by product quality attributes, not cost of R&D. Lastly, the chapter examines the impact of generic entry on price.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of the Examination of Sandwiched Caregivers’ Psychological Well-being and Physical Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 814-814
Author(s):  
Barbara Hodgdon ◽  
Jen D Wong ◽  
Patricia S Pittman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As numbers of sandwiched caregivers in the United States grow, it is essential to document the literature on the impact of dual care responsibilities on aspects of psychological well-being and physical health. This scoping review examined the literature on sandwiched caregivers’ psychological well-being and physical health, identified gaps in the literature, and provided suggestions for future studies to advance the literature on sandwiched caregivers in the United States. Guided by the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework, this scoping review comprised of 15 peer-reviewed articles between 1980 and 2019, that examined aspects of the psychological well-being (e.g., depression, affect) and physical health (e.g., health behaviors, chronic conditions) of sandwiched caregivers in the United States. Findings showed that there was ambiguity surrounding the conceptualization of sandwiched caregivers, specifically how older and younger care recipients were defined. Also, most studies examined psychological well-being while physical health was understudied. The findings of this review also showed that, compared to non-sandwiched caregivers (e.g., spousal, filial caregivers) and non-caregivers, sandwiched caregivers exhibited greater depressive symptoms and psychological distress as well as poorer health behaviors. Furthermore, sandwiched caregivers who were female and employed were more susceptible to greater depressive symptoms than their employed male counterparts or employed non-caregivers. In considering future directions, more work is needed that examines physical health. Additionally, sandwiched caregivers of minority status merit attention as multigenerational care occurs at greater rates in these populations. Finally, caregiving during the pandemic may have a detrimental impact on sandwiched caregivers’ lives which should be investigated.

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