scholarly journals The Preventive Use of Probiotics Against Gastrointestinal HAIs in Ontario

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaella Bergeron Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Keywords Probiotics ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Given confounding evidence in the literature and the lack of standardized guidelines in Canada, little is known about the process through which clinical dieticians decide whether or not to implement a probiotics course with the intent of preventing gastrointestinal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in Ontario. This study uses a mixed-method design featuring a content analysis of the literature and a survey addressed to clinical dietitians in Ontario to investigate (a) the likelihood of clinical dietitians in recommending probiotics course to prevent gastrointestinal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and (b) their reasoning in setting certain parameters of such a probiotics course. Among the four respondents obtained for the survey, all ranked their likelihood of prescribing probiotics to prevent nosocomial gastrointestinal infections as medium or less. The determination of parameters in a course were largely influenced by guidelines and/or evidence, case-specific consideration and fixed procedures, as these were mentioned among other themes by the largest number of respondents and were included in the largest amount of questions on average. Finally, parameters which the majority of respondents determined using the same themes were the dose of probiotics, timing of the course with regards to antibiotics, and type of probiotics.  Keywords: Probiotics, Gastrointestinal infections, Nosocomial infections, HAIs, Gut flora, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial resistance

Understanding citizenship behavior of academics in American- vs Continental European-modeled universities in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kivanc Inelmen ◽  
Nisan Selekler-Goksen ◽  
Özlem Yildirim-Öktem
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of university tradition, justice perceptions and quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) on the faculty members’ tendency to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) from the perspective of social exchange theory (SET). Attention is drawn to the need to contextualize the established relationships between OCB and its antecedents, as direction and strength of relationships may vary in different contexts. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a sequential mixed method design comprising a survey of 203 faculty members, and 15 semi-structured interviews both undertaken in several universities in Turkey. Hierarchical regression and discriminant analyses were used for the quantitative phase, followed by the qualitative phase that includes compiled quotes and content analysis. Findings Analyses provide strong support for the impacts of university tradition and LMX on OCB. The compiled quotes largely support the quantitative findings. Additionally, content analysis reveals sources and consequences of injustice and mechanisms to cope with it among academics. Practical implications The findings have implications for university administrators who are looking for ways to increase OCB and enhance justice perception. LMX emerges as a significant factor in encouraging OCB regardless of university tradition. In order to enhance justice perceptions, Continental European-modeled universities should allocate workload and resources in a fair manner, while American-modeled universities should apply procedures consistently across people and time. Originality/value The inclusion of university tradition as an independent variable is a contribution as it contextualizes the relationship between OCB and its antecedents, verifying SET for both contexts. Using a mixed method design, the study provides an enriched understanding of OCB.

scholarly journals Hospital-Wide Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections as a Source of Information about Specific Hospital Needs. A 5-Year Observation in a Multiprofile Provincial Hospital in the South of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kołpa ◽  
Marta Wałaszek ◽  
Anna Różańska ◽  
Zdzisław Wolak ◽  
Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are adverse complications of hospitalisation resulting in delayed recovery and increased costs. The aim of this study was an analysis of epidemiological factors obtained in the framework of constant, comprehensive (hospital-wide) infection registration, and identification of priorities and needs in infection control, both with regard to targeted surveillance, as well as preventative actions. The study was carried out according to the methodology recommended by the HAI-Net (Surveillance Network) coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, in the multiprofile hospital in Southern Poland, between 2012 and 2016. A total of 159,028 patients were under observation and 2184 HAIs were detected. The incidence was 1.4/100 admissions (2.7/1000 patient-das of hospitalisation) and significantly differed depending on the type of the patient care: in intensive care units (ICU) 16.9%; in surgical units, 1.3%; non-surgical units, 1.0%; and paediatric units, 1.8%. The most common HAI was gastrointestinal infections (GIs, 28.9%), followed by surgical site infections (SSIs, 23.0%) and bloodstream infections (BSIs, 16.1%). The vast majority of GIs, BSIs, urinary tract infections, and incidents of pneumonia (PN) were detected in non-ICUs. As many as 33.2% of cases of HAI were not confirmed microbiologically. The most frequently detected etiologic agent of infections was Clostridium difficile—globally and in GI (49%). Comprehensive analysis of the results allowed to identify important elements of surveillance of infections, i.e., surveillance of GI, PN, and BSI not only in ICU, but also in non-ICU wards, indicating a need for implementing rapid actions to improve compliance with HAI prevention procedures.

scholarly journals Pilot Survey for National Point Prevalence Study of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute-Care Hospitals in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s350-s351
Author(s):  
Ji Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: The Korean National Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance System (KONIS) was established to conduct nationwide surveillance of device-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and surgical site infections annually in 2006. However, no surveillance on overall HAIs has been conducted. Objective: We conducted a point-prevalence survey of total HAIs to estimate the incidence rate of HAIs in acute-care hospitals in South Korea. Methods: We defined HAIs according to KONIS and NHSN criteria. In total, 29 acute-care hospitals including 9 tertiary-care hospitals (TCHs) and 20 secondary-care hospitals (SCHs) were recruited as representing the population of every metropolitan city and province in South Korea. Patients who stayed at the hospitals on August 1, 2018, were randomly selected: 100 for SCHs and 200 for TCHs. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed for HAIs according to the NHSN criteria by the infection control nurses (ICNs) from each hospital. A web-based data collection and analysis program was developed, and participating ICNs were educated in a 1-day training course with pre- and postevaluations. They received continuous feedback of input data and questions through the web-based system during the study. To generate estimates of the incidence rate of HAIs, we converted prevalence to incidence using the formula of Rhame and Sudderth. Results: Of 4,296 patients, 133 had ≥1 HAI (3.1%). In total, 141 HAIs were identified: gastrointestinal infections (n = 30, 21.3%), bloodstream infections (n = 30, 21.3%), pneumonia (n = 29, 20.6%), urinary tract infection (n =26, 18.4%). Among the gastrointestinal infections, C. difficile infections were the most common (17.7%). Device-associated infections accounted for 34.8% of all HAIs. The overall incidence of HAIs in TCHs was 4.39%, which was a higher incidence than SCHs (3.76%). Intensive care units had 12.6% of HAIs, whereas general wards had 3.4%. HAI incidences were 5.7%, 2.8%, and 2.3%, respectively, for each of the medical wards, surgical wards, and pediatric wards. The 3 most common pathogens were Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus faecium. Conclusions: The prevalence of HAI in Korea is lower than in most Western countries. The HAI burden of Clostridium difficile infection is surprisingly high, which calls for prompt control at the national level. To obtain national-level data on HAI burdens, ongoing surveillance is needed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Evaluation der Pflege- und Führungskompetenz – eine Ausgangslage für die weitere Praxisentwicklung

Pflege ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline S. Martin ◽  
Irena Anna Frei ◽  
Franziska Suter-Hofmann ◽  
Katharina Fierz ◽  
Maria Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Competence Scale ◽  
Nurse Competence

Kompetente Pflege und effektives Leadership sind wichtige Voraussetzungen für die Bereitstellung einer qualitativ hochwertigen, evidenzbasierten, patienten- und ergebnisorientierten Patientenversorgung. Die Abteilung Klinische Pflegewissenschaft (KPW) am Universitätsspital Basel (USB) entwickelte und implementierte Programme zur gezielten Praxisentwicklung, welche die pflegerische Kompetenz sowie die des Leadership fördern. Zur Erfassung von Pflege- und Leadership-Kompetenz sowie der Arbeitsumgebungs- und Pflegequalität führte die KPW 2007 eine Evaluationsstudie mit einem Mixed-Method-Design durch. Am quantitativen Anteil der Studie nahmen 679 Pflegefachpersonen und 27 Stationsleitungen teil. Die deskriptiven Resultate zeigen, dass Pflegefachpersonen ihre durchschnittliche pflegerische Kompetenz über alle sieben Subkategorien der Nurse Competence Scale mit einem Mittelwert von 75,1 (VAS 0 – 100) beurteilten. Die Leadership-Kompetenz von Stationsleitungen wurde im oberen Drittel der Skala des Leadership Practice Inventory mit mittleren Werten zwischen 40 bis 50 (Meanscore: 6 – 60) eingeschätzt. Als Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahme sind regelmäßige Nachfolgeerhebungen im Sinne eines Monitoring geplant. Solche Erhebungen werden in Zukunft von zentraler Bedeutung sein, da zu erwarten ist, dass sich mit der Einführung des DRG-Finanzierungsmodells im schweizerischen Gesundheitswesen der Kontext der pflegerischen Leistungen verändern wird.

Healthcare associated infections caused by non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR): six years of experience of a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 06-12
Author(s):  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
Arifa Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Recently non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR) are playing an important role in healthcare associated infections. This observational study in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city conducted during 01August 2007 to 30 June 2013 found that 34.8% isolated organisms from patients with healthcare associated infections were NFGNR. Majority (74.3 %) of these infections were occurring inside critical care areas. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter together constituted 79.6% of the total NFGNR whereas Burkholderia cephacia complex (15.4%), Stenotrophomonas (4.3%) and Chryseobacterium species (0.7%) combined constituted remaining 20.4%. Out of total NFGNRs, Pseudomonas was responsible for highest number of catheter associated urinary tract infections (55.6%), ventilator associated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory tract infection (65.8%) and surgical site infection (70.6%). Blood stream infection was predominantly caused by Burkholderia cephacia complex (33.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (39.5%). Other than colistin most of the organisms were resistant to antibiotics commonly recommended for NFGNR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19326 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 6-12

Determination of parameters of short circuit of power transformer by means of mathematical modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (102) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
D. S. Yarymbash, ◽  
◽  
S. T. Yarymbash, ◽  
T. E. Divchuk, ◽  
D. A. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Determination Of Parameters
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document