scholarly journals El alcance material de la reserva de jurisdicción del art. 117.3 CE: la STC 141/2020 y las medidas cautelares adoptadas por la Administración Tributaria en sede judicial

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-274
Author(s):  
Javier MORENO GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Interim Measures ◽  
General Taxation

LABURPENA: Tributuen Lege Orokorrari (2003ko abenduaren 17ko 58/2003) 2012an eginiko aldaketak 8. apartatu bat gehitu zuen 81. artikuluan. Hari esker, administrazioak zerga-delituengatiko zigor-arloko prozesu batean kautelazko neurriak hartzeko ahala bereganatu zuen; erabaki hori, epaileak berretsi behar badu ere, auzitegien esku baino ez zegoen ordura arte. Doktrinak ulertu zuen konstituzioaren aurkako manu bat zela, jurisdikzio-erreserbaren printzipioa urratzen zuelakoan (Espainiako Konstituzioaren 117.3 artikuluan bermatuta), eta Konstituzioak botere judizialari erreserbatutako eremu material espezifikoaren irismenari buruzko beste eztabaida bat ireki zen horrela. Goi Auzitegiaren Saletako bat, Konstituzio Auzitegiaren 141/2020 Epaian, eta manu horren konstituzio-kontrakotasuna planteatzen ez zuen babes-errekurtso bati lotuta, aukera horretaz baliatu zen Zerga Administrazioak prozesuko eremuan izandako esku-sartze horri buruzko iritzia emateko. ABSTRACT: In 2012, an amendment of Act 58/2003 of December 17th, on General Taxation introduced a new paragraph 8 to art. 81. Under that provision, the Administration can adopt interim measures within a criminal procedure related to tax offences, notwithstandig its following judicial ratification. The doctrine understood that it was an unconstitutional provision because it infringed the principle of jurisdiction reserve as constitutionally guaranteed under art. 117.3 of the Constitution and another debate began over the specific material scope reserved to the judiciary according to the Constitution. In its judgment 148/2000, one of the Constitutional Court chambers with regard to an action for the protection of fundamental rights where the unconstitutionality of the provision was not raised, took the opportunity to deliver its assessment about the interference of the Tax Administration within the procedural field. RESUMEN: Una modificación en 2012 de la Ley 58/2003, de 17 de diciembre, General Tributaria introdujo un nuevo apartado 8 al art. 81. En su virtud, la administración adquiría potestades para adoptar las medidas cautelares en el seno de un proceso penal por delitos fiscales, decisión que, aunque debe ratificar el juez, hasta ese momento le correspondía en exclusiva a los tribunales. La doctrina entendió que se trataba de un precepto inconstitucional por vulnerar el principio de reserva de jurisdicción, constitucionalmente garantizado en el art. 117.3 CE y se abrió así otro debate sobre el alcance del ámbito material específico reservado por la Constitución al poder judicial. En su STC 141/2020, una de las Salas del Alto Tribunal, al hilo de un recurso de amparo en el que no se planteaba la inconstitucionalidad de ese precepto, aprovecha la ocasión para dar su valoración sobre esa intromisión de la administración tributaria en el ámbito procesal.

scholarly journals Judgment (Trial) in Absentia According to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Albania

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Naim Tota ◽  
Klodjan Skenderaj
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The judgment in absentia of the defendant is included in the institutes provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure, where in many cases many problems have been encountered in our case law. The judgment in absentia must, on the one hand, guarantee the respect of the fundamental rights of the defendant and, on the other hand, guarantee the public interest in the administration of justice, through the regular exercise of judicial functions. In the Albanian legislation these conflicts of interest have been resolved by the legislator by accepting and becoming part of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1995 as well as with the amendaments made in 2017, namely, the conduct of the trial in the absence of the defendant. However, this Code also guarantees the defendant the opportunity to review the matter, in cases where he becomes aware of the decision rendered in absentia. The guarantee placed by the legislator in the code of criminal procedure has come precisely because of the practice of the ECHR but also a series of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Albania, which stated that in cases of judgments rendered in absentia, defendants have the right to have their case reviewed. This paper will analyze exactly the provisions of the Albanian criminal procedural law on the conduct of the judgment in absentia, the cases of suspension of the trial for the defendants who do not know effectively about the trial.    Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

Austrian Constitutional Court: Constitutionality of the Obligation to Bear Costs in Criminal Proceedings

ICL Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Eller
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Criminal Proceedings

AbstractThe Austrian Constitutional Court ruled on applications alleging infringements of fundamental rights and on the constitutionality of the obligation to bear costs in criminal proceedings as stipulated in the Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure. The Court, however, dismissed the applications and stated that acquitted persons in criminal proceedings are generally not entitled to any reimbursement. Neither the Equality Clause nor other fundamental rights, including those safeguarded in the ECHR, have been infringed by the provisions in question.

A ATUAL CRISE DO PROCESSO PENAL BRASILEIRO, DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E GARANTIAS PROCESSUAISTHE CURRENT CRISIS OF BRAZILIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviane de Magalhães Barros
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Current Crisis

O presente artigo analisa a atual crise do processo penal brasileiro, discutindo o uso simbólico do processo penal e os impactos da redução das garantias O estudo toma como base dados sobre a população carcerária e também se utiliza de análise de decisão do STF e de proposta do MPF para a construção do cenário de crise do processo penal brasileiro. A análise teórica se subsidia na compreensão do modelo constitucional de processo e no processo penal democrático como base para reconhecimento das garantias processuais penais, bem como, lança mão da construção da sociologia critica do termo ralé brasileira” para distinguir as diferenças entre efetivas garantias para os diversos tipos de acusados em processo penal. Em sua conclusão, busca-se demonstrar que o uso do processo penal simbólico vinculado ao movimento de combate à corrupção se equivale ao emergencialismo da luta contra o terror e desenvolve a partir de um processo penal cautelar, que antecipa os resultados a fim de reduzir risco e retira garantias e que seu impacto se vislumbra avassalador se for aplicado aos processo penais da ralé brasileira, cabendo ao STF o papel contramajoritário e de guardião das garantias processuais penais constitucionais.

Dieter Grimm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Law School ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
European Democracy ◽  
Humboldt University ◽  
Post War ◽  
Constitutional Adjudication

Dieter Grimm is one of Germany’s foremost scholars of constitutional law and theory with a high international reputation and an exceptional career. He teaches constitutional law at Humboldt University Berlin and did so simultaneously at the Yale Law School until 2017. He was one of the most influential justices of the German Constitutional Court where he served from 1987 to 1999 and left his marks on the jurisprudence of the Court, especially in the field of fundamental rights. He directed one of the finest academic institutions worldwide, the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (Institute for Advanced Study). He is also well known as a public intellectual who speaks up in questions of German politics and European integration. This book contains a conversation that three scholars of constitutional law led with Dieter Grimm on his background, his childhood under the Nazi regime and in destroyed post-war Germany, his education in Germany, France, and the United States, his academic achievement, the main subjects of his research, his experience as a member of a leading constitutional court, especially in the time of seminal changes in the world after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and his views on actual challenges for law and society. The book is an invaluable source of information on an outstanding career and the functioning of constitutional adjudication, which one would not find in legal textbooks or treatises. Oxford University Press previously published his books on Constitutionalism. Past, Present, and Future (2016) and The Constitution of European Democracy (2017).

Grundrechtsbindung Privater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Seyderhelm
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public Forum ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Existing Data

The effect of fundamental rights among private individuals is breaking away from the usual patterns as a result of recent decisions by the Federal Constitutional Court. The work not only provides terminological clarity, but also elaborates the criteria that directly bind private individuals to fundamental rights. The author then looks at emerging constellations and examines the binding nature of fundamental rights there. The operator of Facebook fulfils both criteria described in more detail. These are the opening of a "public forum" and a predominant position of power. It is thus bound by fundamental rights. SCHUFA is not bound by this obligation, also because it is kept in check by existing (data protection) provisions of the legislator.

El derecho a ser informado como elemento esencial del derecho a la protección de datos. Una visión crítica de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y de su cambio de doctrina en la STC 39/2016

2016 ◽  
pp. 191-216
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel CABELLOS ESPIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Right

LABURPENA: Lan eremuan bideozaintzaren erabilerak ondorio garrantzitsuak dakartza funtsezko eskubideei dagokienez, esate baterako intimitateari eta datu pertsonalen babesari dagokienez. Hala eta guztiz ere, oraindik ez daukagu araudi zehatz eta espezifikorik kontrol-teknika hori lan eremuan erabiltzeari buruz. Horrek behartuta, errealitate horri araudi-esparru anitz eta generikoa aplikatzeko modua auzitegiek zehaztu behar dute, kontuan hartuta, gainera, Espainiako Konstituzioaren 18.4 artikulua alde horretatik lausoa dela. Konstituzio Auzitegiak, datuen babeserako funtsezko eskubidea aztertzean, datuen titularraren adostasuna eta titular horri eman beharreko informazioa eskubide horretan berebizikoak zirela ezarri zuen; hortik ondorioztatzen da titularraren adostasuna eta hari emandako informazioa mugatuz gero behar bezala justifikatu beharko dela. Hala ere, Konstituzio Auzitegiak, duela gutxiko jurisprudentzian, bere doktrina aldatu du. Aldaketa horrek, lan eremuan, argi eta garbi langileak informazioa jasotzeko duen eskubidea debaluatzea dakar, bere datuetatik zein lortzen ari diren jakiteari dagokionez. RESUMEN: La utilización de la videovigilancia en el ámbito laboral posee importantes implicaciones en relación con derechos fundamentales como los relativos a la intimidad y a la protección de datos personales. Pese a ello, carecemos aún de una normativa detallada y específica en relación con el uso de dicha técnica de control en el ámbito laboral, lo que obliga a que sean los tribunales los que vayan concretando la aplicación de un marco normativo plural y genérico a esa realidad, dada además la vaguedad del art. 18.4 CE. El TC, al analizar el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos, había establecido el carácter central en él del consentimiento del titular de los datos y de la información que debe dársele a éste, de donde se sigue que cualquier limitación del papel de ambos deberá estar debidamente justificada. Sin embargo, en su más reciente jurisprudencia el TC ha realizado un cambio de doctrina que supone, en el ámbito laboral, una clara devaluación del derecho a la información por parte del trabajador en relación con qué datos suyos se están obteniendo. ABSTRACT : T he use of video surveillance systems within the work sphere has major implications for fundamental rights such as privacy and data protection. Nonetheless, we still lack of a detailed and specific regulation regarding the use of that control technology within the work sphere, which obliges courts to define the application of a plural and generic normative framework to that issue, given the vagueness of art. 18.4 of the Constitution. The Constitutional Court, when analyzing the fundamental right to data protection, had settled the centralityof the consent of the data rightholder and of the information to be provided to the latter, and from this it followed that any restriction on the role of both rights should be duly justified. However, in its most recent case law the Constitutional Court has changed its doctrine which means, within the work sphere, a clear devaluation of the right of information by the employee regarding the obtained data of him/her.

Is it time to understand Russia rationally? Test of suitability in constitutional adjudication

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-114
Author(s):  
Aleksei Dolzhikov
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
Constitutional Adjudication

The author discusses the application of the suitability test in constitutional adjudication. Then he puts forward a thesis that in comparison with the essentially philosophical categories of reasonableness and rationality, this prong of proportionality principle has practical value in judicial review of legislation. The political system has to meet the minimum standards of a deliberative democracy in order courts could use the doctrine of rationality. Among such standards are: recognition of the diversity of ideologies, real competition between political parties and other groups, a serious attitude towards discussion in society, etc. High courts, even in countries with long democratic traditions, usually use the self-restraint technique in reviewing the reasonableness of statutes. In illiberal and populist regimes, due to the unification of public discourse and the imitation of democratic institutions, the challenging of reasonableness of majority decisions can be dangerous. The argument on absurdity of legislation is relatively rare in the case-law of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. It can be found in the dissenting opinions of constitutional judges. In regard with the recent legislative ban on the publication of these opinions, the reasoning ad absurdum has rather theoretical significance for constitutional adjudication in Russia. Moreover, criticism of the reasonableness of legislation can now create additional obstacles for the difficult dialogue of the Russian Constitutional Court with the parliament and other “political” branches. An alternative to critically reviewing the unreasonableness of parliamentary decisions in constitutional adjudication are both the borrowing of economic methodology and certain principles of Legisprudence. The author puts forward the argument on utility of these principles on the judicial review of the ability of legislative means to achieve public goals. Suitability has an empirical nature and requires scientific validity of statutes. Selection of regulatory measures should be evidence-based and grounded on outcomes of research. Usually, constitutional judges do not have special knowledge of complex issues of socio-economic policy. More often than not, the absence of such an expertise means deference to the parliamentary and administrative fact-finding, which predetermined the normative decision. The intensity of the review of the suitability of legislation can be increased in those areas where constitutional judges have the necessary expertise or practical background. Constitutional tribunals recognize the broad discretion of representative bodies in forecasting the social, economic and other consequences. Otherwise, the intervention of judges in the goal-setting of regulatory policy is inevitable. Forecasting can be inaccurate and even erroneous due to the targeting of the regulatory decision for the future. A second-guess of the legislative forecast in constitutional adjudication is an exception to the general rule. It is possible due to newly discovered circumstances, changes taking place in society or progress in science. The implementation of regulatory impact assessment in law-making does not replace, but supplements the judicial review of the principle of proportionality. Consistency test in constitutional adjudication is closely related to the principle of legal certainty, which in turn excludes inconsistency and contradictions of legislative measures with public aims. The consistency approach obliges the members of parliament to be logical in the implementation of the legislative intent. Otherwise, citizens’ legitimate expectations in the governmental policy are undermined. The suitability test has an applied meaning in discrimination cases. If unequal treatment affects the fundamental rights of truly vulnerable social groups, constitutional judges could increase the intensity of judicial review of unreasonable laws.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE CONCEPT «PROCEDURAL COSTS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS»

Issues of Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
S.M. Darovskikh ◽  
◽  
Z.V Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Procedural Costs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Article 5

The article is devoted to the issues of formulating the definition of such a criminal procedural concept as «procedural costs». Emphasizing the importance both for science and for law enforcement of clarity and clarity when formulating the definition of criminal procedural concepts, the authors point out that the formulation of this concept present in the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation is far from being improved. Having studied the opinions on this issue of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, a number of procedural scholars, the authors propose their own version of the definition of the concept of «criminal procedural costs» with its allocation in a separate paragraph of Article 5 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals General Confiscation Versus Criminal Confiscation in Regard to Curators’ Authority and Responsibility in Bankruptcy Settlement Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Elli Ruslina ◽  
Siti Rodiah ◽  
Benny Wulur
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Consequences

The process of bankruptcy general confiscation sometimes clashes with criminal confiscation process. The present study aims to look at curators’ authority and responsibility to sell bankrupt properties, which have been confiscated by investigating officers in a case of criminal confiscation. It also delves into the legal ramifications that may occur and into the concepts of bankruptcy settlement. This study employs a juridical normative method and the necessary legal material are collected through literature study. The legal material are analyzed in juridical qualitative approach, using a comparison between bankruptcy laws in several countries. Based on the result of this study, it is concluded that curators’ authority and responsibility are still applicable even though they are subject to appeal. The legal consequences in the case that bankrupt estate is being confiscated by investigating officers due to the conflict between criminal confiscation and general confiscation require the court to prioritize the criminal confiscation. Once it is resolved, bankruptcy assets/estate are returned to the curator. This study recommends that there should be an effort to legally synchronize and harmonize Article 39 Point (2) of KUHAP (Indonesian Law of Criminal Procedure) with Article 31 Point (2) of Law No. 37 Year 2004 Concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU (Suspension of Payment/Debt Moratorium). One of the solutions offered in this study is by implementing E-Court, as is the case in Indonesia’s Constitutional Court, especially in Commercial Court whose habitat is digital and that handles legal problems pertaining to creative economy.

scholarly journals Brief considerations regarding decision no. 26/2021 of the constitutional court regarding the constitutionality of the provisions of the art. 4881 paragraph 2 of Code of criminal procedure

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
IOANA NARCISA ANIȚULESEI
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

In the present study, the author analyzes the provisions of art. 4881 of the Code of Criminal Procedure which, until now, have been the subject of multiple exceptions of unconstitutionality examined by the Constitutional Court. Mainly, the study focuses on the considerations set out in Decision no. 26/2021 pronounced by Constitutional Court in which was statued the constitutionality of the provisions of art. 4881 paragraph 2 and 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. In his approach, the author makes additional arguments in support of the unconstitutionality of the rule by reference to national and European provisions enshrining the principle of equality of citizens before the law.

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