scholarly journals The legal procedure of interdomenial transfer (from the public domain of the State to the public domain of the territorial-administrative units, and vice versa) of the public property - landmarks of the case-law of the Constitutional Court

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
IRINA LOREDANA GULIE
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Procedure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Administrative Units

Notes: ‘Observations’ on the State Capture judgment

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-500
Author(s):  
Michael Tsele
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Capture ◽  
The Law

This note concerns a controversial issue that has, surprisingly, received limited academic interrogation: whether the Public Protector has the power to instruct the President of South Africa to appoint a commission of inquiry. In this respect, I critique a high court decision which answered the question in the affirmative. I contend that the judgment contradicts prior case law, including Constitutional Court precedent. Thus, I argue that the court misconstrued the law on the President’s powers, particularly when it concluded that those powers are not purely discretionary but entail ‘responsibilities’ which are ‘coupled with a duty’. This reasoning led the court to conclude that the President thus has a constitutional ‘obligation’ to appoint a commission. In summary, I take issue with the court’s conclusion that the Public Protector has the power to instruct the President to appoint a commission of inquiry. I conclude that the decision caused uncertainty on the limitations of the Public Protector’s powers. I further say it is questionable whether the commission, better known as the ‘State Capture’ commission, was established lawfully.

Reframing Audience

2014 ◽  
pp. 148-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Boynton ◽  
Glenn W. Richardson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Black Box ◽  
The State ◽  
Evaluative Judgment ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Of The Union

Analysis of the audiences for the state of the union addresses on Twitter from 2010-2012 provides analytical leverage in unpacking the concept of audience, which has largely inhabited an analytical “black box,” seen as of critical importance but little understood. The authors frame audience as “co-motion” as it evolves from a broadcast medium to a medium of interaction in three moves: hashtags that establish a space for gathering, retweets that share reading, and sharing of urls that serve to communicate importance, evaluative judgment, and justification. They contrast the response of the congressional audience and the Twitter audience and find, while there was substantial overlap in their applause, members of Congress were less responsive than the Twitter audience to the president's calls for them to meet their responsibilities and less responsive to criticisms of major corporations. The authors find a vibrant political discourse on Twitter reaching a potential audience that rivals in size that of television, as audience becomes the public domain.

A Christian in the Office of Constitutional Judge [1999]

2020 ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde ◽  
Mirjam Künkler ◽  
Tine Stein
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
The Church

In this personal reflection, Böckenförde portrays the dilemma he faced during his tenure as a judge on Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court: trying to bridge his Christian Catholic spirituality with his work as a high-ranking public servant in a secular state. He describes his struggle with the Catholic teachings prior to Second Vaticanum, which at that time still defined the state as ideally Catholic and demanded every believer in public office to act as a vanguard for Christian natural law. But by committing himself to the public good, Böckenförde sidestepped the requirement of the Catholic Church and fully embraced the democratic, religiously neutral political order. Böckenförde justified his position (deviant in the eyes of the Church) by insisting on the strict neutrality demanded from a judge. He pointed to the so-called Church Compromise of the Weimar Republic (Weimarer Kirchenkompromiss), which established the neutrality of the state with regard to religion, and which was re-adopted in West Germany after 1949. He also relinquished his consultative role in the Central Committee of Catholics once he was nominated to the Constitutional Court. Even in cases affecting abortion, he only dealt with the issues at hand as a judge, not as a Catholic. In his view, Christian spirituality can manifest itself in faithfulness to one's office and an integrity that is open to the world.

scholarly journals The range of instruments of mechanism for interaction between the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
N. V. Moskalets
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civil Society Development

In the article, basing on investigation of the interaction of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in ensuring the rights and freedoms there was proposed the range of instruments of mechanism for interaction based on proper governance, monitoring and evaluation, including performance indicators and effectiveness, individual responsibility of a person authorized to perform the functions of the state. Due to its implementation, the public authorities will provide priority-oriented constitutional guarantees, namely human rights and freedoms in the context of promoting civil society development in Ukraine. In the article, basing on investigation of the interaction of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in ensuring the rights and freedoms there was proposed the range of instruments of mechanism for interaction based on proper governance, monitoring and evaluation, including performance indicators and effectiveness, individual responsibility of a person authorized to perform the functions of the state. Due to its implementation, the public authorities will provide priority-oriented constitutional guarantees, namely human rights and freedoms in the context of promoting civil society development in Ukraine. In order to enhance the implementation of the range of instruments of mechanism for interaction between the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with other public authorities, there was offered the introduction of electronic document management as a preventive anti-corruption measure with integrated monitoring and transparency mechanisms of activity of public authorities in order to reduce the level of corruption and hierarchical influence, for the purpose of openness and transparency, efficiency of activity within the democratic processes.

scholarly journals Inkonstitusionalitas Sistem Unbundling dalam Usaha Penyediaan Listrik

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Jefri Porkonanta Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

Fungsi negara tidak hanya sebagai regulator (pengatur) dan umpire (wasit), namun juga berfungsi sebagai provider (penyedia) dan entrepreneur (pengusaha). Oleh karena itu, sudah seharusnya negara terlibat langsung dalam usaha penyediaan listrik untuk kepentingan umum bagi sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat sebagaimana amanat Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Usaha penyediaan listrik untuk kepentingan umum dengan unbundling system yaitu terpisahnya antara usaha pembangkitan, transmisi, distribusi, dan penjualan listrik, telah dinyatakan inkonstitusional oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003, bertanggal 15 Desember 2004. Namun kemudian adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 149/PUU-VII/2009, bertanggal 30 Desember 2010, justru dipandang sebagai peluang dibolehkannya kembali sistem unbundling dalam usaha penyediaan listrik sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 10 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistirkan. Hal tersebut kemudian mendorong diajukannya kembali permohonan pengujian terhadap ketentuan Pasal 10 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009. Melalui Putusan Nomor 111/PUU-XIII/2015, bertanggal 14 Desember 2016, Mahkamah Konstitusi pun menegaskan bahwa unbundling dalam usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik adalah tidak sesuai dengan konstitusi.The function of the state is not only as a regulator and referee, but also serves as provider and entrepreneur. Therefore, the state should be directly involved in the business of electric providing for the public interest to the greatest prosperity of the people as mandated by Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The unbundling system in electric providing for the public interest is the separation between the business of generation, transmission, distribution, and sales. The unbundling system has been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court in Decision Number 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003 dated December 15, 2004. However, the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 149/PUU-VII/2009 dated 30 December 2010, is judged as an opportunity to re-enable the unbundling system in the business of electric providing as stipulated in Article 10 paragraph (2) of Law Number 30 Year 2009 about Electricity. It then encourages the re-submission of the petition for judicial review of the provisions of Article 10 paragraph (2) of Law Number 30 Year 2009. Then, through Decision Number 111/PUU-XIII/2015, dated December 14, 2016, the Constitutional Court confirm that unbundling in the business of providing power electricity for public interest is inconstitutional.

scholarly journals La utilización del poder subvencional del Estado en el marco de la asistencia social

2016 ◽  
pp. 355-398
Author(s):  
Natalia CAICEDO CAMACHO
Keyword(s):  
Social Assistance ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Central State ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Management Functions

LABURPENA: Artikulu honetan Estatu zentralaren gastu-ahalmenaren norainokoa aztertzen da gizarte-laguntzaren eremuan. Horretarako, eskumen autonomikoaren garapena deskribatzen da Estatu sozialaren lurralde-deszentralizazioaren esparruan, eta gero azken urteotan diru-laguntzak emateko ahalmenaren erabilerari buruz Konstituzio Auzitegiak jaulkitako jurisprudentzia aztertzen da xeheki. Artikuluan ondorioztatzen da funtsezko aldaketa gertatu dela STC 13 /1992 epaiko diru-laguntzen lurralde-banaketari buruzko irizpideen inguruan. Aldaketa horrek ekarri du ondorio modura, diru-laguntzen deialdiak Espainiako Konstituzioaren 149.1 artikuluko eskumen-tituluetatik banandu eta bereizi egin direla eta laguntzen lurralde-banaketarako irizpideak berrinterpretatu direla ikuspegi zentralista batetik, eta eskumen esklusiboen eremura lekualdatu dela eskumen partekatuentzat finkatuta zegoen araua. Baina, horrez gainera, zentzu zabalago batean, Estatuaren gastuaren bideratzaile izatearen eskumen-funtzioari buruz lehen aplikatzen zen irizpidearen ordez, irizpide zabalagoa, generikoagoa ezarri da, zeinaren arabera araugintza-eginkizunak Estatuari dagozkion eta kudeaketa-eginkizunak, aldiz, autonomia-erkidegoei. Arau hori laguntzaren xede den arloa eskumen partekatukoa edo esklusibokoa den kontuan hartu gabe aplikatzen da. RESUMEN: El presente artículo analiza el alcance del poder de gasto del Estado central en el campo de la asistencia social. Para ello, describe el desarrollo de la competencia autonómica en el marco de la descentralización territorial del Estado social para posteriormente detallar la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional emitida en los últimos años sobre la utilización del poder del poder subvencional. El artículo concluye que se ha producido un cambio sustancial a los criterios sobre la territorialización de las subvenciones de la STC 13/1992. Este cambio supone la desvinculación de las convocatorias de subvenciones de los títulos competenciales del art. 149.1CE y una reinterpretación de los criterios de territorialización de las ayudas en clave centralista trasladando al campo de las competencias exclusivas la regla fijada para las competencias compartidas. Pero, además desde un sentido más amplio, el criterio de la función de la competencia como orientador de la disposición del gasto del Estado se ha sustituido por un criterio más amplio y genérico, conforme al cual las funciones normativas corresponden al Estado y las funciones de gestión corresponden a las Comunidades autónomas. Esta regla se aplica con independencia de que la materia objeto de la ayuda sea una competencia compartida o exclusiva. ABSTRACT : This article analyzes the scope of the spending power by the Central State within the field of social assistance. To that end, it is described the development of the autonomous competence within the State territorial descentralization in order subsequently to itemize the Constitutional Court case law delivered during the last years regarding the use of the power to subsidize. The article concludes that there has been a significant change in the criteria regarding the territorialization of subsidies as stated by the Constitutional Court judgement 13/1992. This change means the decoupling of the call for subsidies from the powers by art. 149.1 C and a reinterpretation of the territorialization criteria in the field of aids in terms of centralization allocating to the field of the exclusive competences the rule established for the shared competences. But from a broader sense the criteria of the competence as a guiding criteria for the disposal of spending by the State has been substituted for a wider and broader criteria according to whom legal functions belong to the State and management functions to the Autonomous Communities. This rule applies regardless of the field of the aid is a shared or exclusive competence.

scholarly journals BUMN dan Penguasaan Negara di Bidang Ketenagalistrikan

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Muhammad Insa Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Case Number

Tenaga listrik merupakan salah satu kebutuhan penting bagi masyarakat dewasa ini. Kebutuhan terhadap tenaga listrik terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan sumber daya manusia. Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (UUD 1945) penguasaan ketenagalistrikan berada dalam penguasaan negara. Dimana dalam pasal 33 ayat (2) UUD 1945 dinyatakan: "Cabang-cabang produksi yang penting bagi negara dan yang menguasai hidup orang banyak dikuasai oleh negara." Namun sebagian penguasaan negara terhadap energi kelistrikan dianulir oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan, misalnya dalam Pasal 11 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan menyatakan: "Usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik untuk kepentingan umum sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 10 ayat (1) dilaksanakan oleh badan usaha milik negara, badan usaha milik daerah, badan usaha swasta, koperasi, dan swadaya masyarakat yang berusaha di bidang penyediaan tenaga listrik." Namun dengan ditetapkan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi perkara nomor: 111/PUU-XIII/2015, penguasaan negara dan BUMN di bidang ketenagalistrikan kembali dikukuhkan dan dikuatkan dengan putusan tersebut.Electric power is one important requirement for today's society. The need for power is growing from time to time in accordance with developments in science, technology, and human resources. In the Constitution of 1945 (UUD 1945) mastery of electricity in the possession of the state. Where in the Article 33 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution states: "The branches of production that are important to the state and which are controlled by the state." But most of the state's control of the electrical energy annulled by Act Number 30 of 2009 on Electricity, for example in Article 11 paragraph (1) of Law Number 30 Year 2009 on electricity states: "enterprises electricity supply to the public interest as referred to in Article 10 paragraph (1) conducted by state-owned enterprises, local owned enterprises, entities private enterprises, cooperatives, and non-government organizations are endeavoring in the field of electricity supply." But with the Constitutional Court decision determined case number: 111/PUU-XIII/2015, control of the state and state-owned electricity sector re-confirmed and strengthened by the decision.

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