scholarly journals Nemzetek vagy nemzetiségek? – Törvények és törvénytervezetek a nemzetiségi egyenjogúságról az 1860-as években

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Szilveszter Csernus-Lukács
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
National Question

Apart from the relation between the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen and the other realms of the Habsburg Empire, the primary issue of the 1860s Hungary and Transylvania to handle was the nationality equality — accordingly, the recognitions of a nation and the language policy. As soon as the national question came into view, both the Hungarian and non-Hungarian political élites formulated their outlines on how to adjust regulations, intended to be epoch-making, regarding the national and language affairs, while the emperor temporarily coordinated the case with royal decrees until the definitive Nationality Act of 1868. The Act and its preceding drafts administered many domains regarding all branches of power, with the special role of the declaration of nations, namely the recognition of such as a legal entity, a juridicial person, which would (have) allow(ed) further entitled rights, deriving from a declaration in the era. The Hungarian and non-Hungarian acts and drafts examined in the study show decisive discrepancies regarding the number of nation(alitie)s recognized as legal entities, how the minorities were defined, and what concept of a nation each draft laid down. In my study, I examine the dissimilarities of the 5 draft plans (and the Act) made by the Hungarian élite, 8 draft plans (and acts of the 1863—1864 national assembly of Transylvania) related to the nationality political élite, draft plans and royal decrees associated to the emperor and the Royal Hungarian Lieutenancy, and a joint independence opposition — nationality draft plan.

The Role of Customer Engagement in the COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Sara Santos ◽  
Pedro Espírito Santo ◽  
Luísa Augusto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Brand Attachment ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Brand Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

Costumer engagement is a multidimensional concept which develops over the time and is widely studied in the literature of marketing. Consumers attached to the brand tend to be more involved in behaviors that support the brand. On the other side, brand-self connection is an important element in consumer-brand relationship being part of brand attachment, where social media have a special role. Playfulness and informativeness of video have a significant impact on the value of social media ads, and the authors present the relationship between these two variables and customer engagement. The study will present an investigation with 235 Portuguese individuals during the months of confinement justified by the pandemic COVID-19. The results show that customer engagement depends on informativeness, playfulness, and brand-self connection. Throughout this empirical study, they show that social media brand engagement is explained by these variables. This chapter enhances knowledge on costumer engagement, brand-self connection, and video informativeness and playfulness, supporting new researches in this topic.

scholarly journals ISLAMISME: KEMUNCULAN DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Political Elite ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The World ◽  
Progressive Islam

Abstract. This study examines the origin,  existence, and development of Islamism group in Indonesia since pre-independence until now. Islamism is a group of Muslims who are obedient to the teachings of Islam, but they are very extreme, literal,  static and rigid in understanding the teachings of Islam (Alquran), and reject to the other Muslims who disagree with Islamic ideology that they have embraced. The group of Islamism existed and emerged in Indonesia, it was not apart from the influence of the spread of Islamic teachings from al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun that was founded by Hasan al-Banna in Egypt in 1928. The group of Islamism was the first Muslim group before the other Muslim groups in Indonesia; such as the Pos-Islamism group, the Liberal Islam Group, the Moderate Islamic Group, the Progressive Islam Group. The group of Islamism in Indonesia—as al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun in Egypt who aspires to spread the ideology of Islam for all of the world—seeks  to spread  their ideology with the movement of "creeping up" for all of the area in Indonesian, since before independence until now. Islamist groups succeeded in spreading Islam and Sharia through mosques, schools, ta'lim majlis. The existence and development of Islamist groups in Indonesia today are flattered. They have very much support from the political elite. However, they are not aware that their hands are being borrowed or exploited by political elites to seize or get the  power in irrational ways. Keywords: Islamism, Emergence, Existence, Development, Indonesia. Abstrak. Studi ini membahas tentang asal usul, eksistensi dan perkembangan kelompok Islamisme di Indonesia sejak pra-kemerdekaan sampai sekarang. Kelompok Islamisme adalah kumpulan Muslim yang patuh terhadap ajaran Islam, namun mereka sangat ekstrem, literal, statis dan kaku dalam memahami ajaran Islam (Alquran), serta menolak golongan Muslim lain yang berbeda dengan faham Islam yang sudah mereka anut. Kelompok Islamisme ada dan muncul di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari pengaruh penyebaran ajaran Islam ala  al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun yang didirikan oleh Hasan al-Banna di Mesir pada tahun 1928. Kelompok Islamisme merupakan kelompok Muslim yang pertama ada sebelum adanya kelompok-kelompok Muslim lain di Indonesia; seperti kelompok Pos-Islamisme, Kelompok Islam Liberal, Kelompok Islam Moderat, Kelompok Islam Progresif. Kelompok Islamisme di Indonesia –sebagaimana al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun di Mesir yang bercita-cita menyebarkan faham berislam ke seluruh dunia—berupaya menyebarkan paham Islamisme dengan gerakan “merayap” ke seluruh bumi Indonesia sejak sebelum Indonesia merdeka sampai sekarang. Kelompok Islamisme berhasil menyebarkan faham Islam dan Syariah melalui, antara lain:  masjid-masjid, sekolah-sekolah, majelis-majelis taklim. Eksistensi dan perkembangan kelompok-kelompok Islamisme di Indonesia zaman ini sedang merasa tersanjung, karena banyak mendapat dukungan dari para elit politik. Namun sebaliknya, mereka tidak sadar bahwa tangan-tangan mereka sedang dipinjam atau pun dimanfaatkan oleh para elit politik untuk merebut atau pun mendapatkan sebuah kekuasaan dengan cara-cara yang tidak rasional. Kata Kunci: Islamisme, Eksistensi, Kemunculan,  Perkembangan, Indonesia.

State–Media Consensus on Going to War? Australian Newspapers, Political Elites, and Fighting the Islamic State

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Mulherin ◽  
Benjamin Isakhan
Keyword(s):  
Political Elite ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
The Media ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Press Criticism

This article assesses the link between the state and the media in their coverage of foreign policy decisions. It holds up to empirical scrutiny the claim that genuine press criticism can only occur within the bounds of political-elite debate. Taking the Australian government’s 2014 decision to fight the Islamic State as its case study, it explores areas of consensus and dissensus between political discourse and the media. Conducting a qualitative analysis of three media frames used by major newspapers, it tests the “indexing hypothesis” and concludes that some press coverage went beyond the parameters of political-elite debate. This finding of independent criticism has implications beyond the present case study, as it helps us better understand the role of the media in democracies—specifically, holding governments to account when sending their nations to war.

The Javanese Kijaji: the Changing Role of a Cultural Broker

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Geertz
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The One ◽  
Changing Role

One of the most serious problems facing the post-revolutionary Indonesian political élite has turned out to be the maintenance of mutual understanding between themselves and the mass of the peasant population. The attempt to build up a modern national state out of a plurality of distinct regional cultures has been hampered by the difficulty of communication between people still largely absorbed in those cultures and the metropolitan-based nationalist leadership more oriented to the international patterns of intelligentsia culture common to ruling groups in all the new Bandung countries. On the one hand, the activist white-collar nationalists of the large cities are attempting to construct an integrated Indonesian state along generally western parliamentary lines; on the other, the peasants of the Javanese, Sundanese, Achenese, Buginese, etc. culture areas cling to the patterns of local community organization and belief with which they are intimately familiar.

Greater Serbia: A New Reality in the Balkans

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Reneo Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Break Up

“We Serbs must militarily defeat our enemies and conquer the territories we need.”Vojislav Maksimovic, MemberBosnian Serb Parliament“I don't see what's wrong with Greater Serbia. There's nothing wrong with a greater Germany, or with Great Britain.”Bosnian Serb LeaderRadovan KaradžićThe break-up of Yugoslavia has come about as a result of national, economic and political conflicts which by the end of 1987 had taken on unprecedented dimensions. At that point, latent political conflicts between various republics came into the open. More specifically, the conflict between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo had turned into a low-intensity war. Under Slobodan Miloševićs leadership in Serbia, the Serbo-Slovenian conflict over Kosovo deepened, forcing other republics and provinces to take sides. The Slovenian leadership opposed a military solution to the Serbo-Albanian conflict in Kosovo. By 1990 the Serbo-Slovenian conflict had spilled over into Croatia, completely polarizing the Yugoslav political elite into two distinct camps; one encompassed Slovenia and Croatia, the other Serbia and Montenegro, with Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina playing the role of unsuccessful mediators.

scholarly journals Transformation of the Political Discourse of the Ukrainian Elite in the Context of Competition between the Russian Federation and the West: 2004–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
D. I. Yefremov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Hybrid Regimes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One

The article establishes the relationship between the interests of the Ukrainian establishment and the foreign policy vector of Kyiv. The author identified the main actors who determined the specifics of the transformation of the strategic course of Ukraine. On the one hand, the author revealed the critical problems of European integration and on the other hand, the improvement/ degradation of relations with the Russian Federation. The author evaluated the strategic doctrines used by the Ukrainian elite and analysed main changes in the approaches of the Ukrainian establishment. This article considers the reaction of Russian and Ukrainian political elites to the correction of the foreign policy imperatives of the Russian Federation and Ukraine, respectively. Also, the author, using the theory of the “heavy” and “light” fractions of Ukrainian political elites as an example, identifies specific features of the correlation between the replacement/renewal of key elite groups and the adaptation of the strategic vector, including a qualitative rethinking of the approaches inherent in the replaced establishment. On the other hand, the author compared between the declared positions/slogans and specific doctrines/concepts, initiated, for example, by individual actors of the political elite. The author analyses the main reasons for the soft dismantling of the so-called multi-vector diplomacy in favour of the Euro-Atlantic course. Also, in the article, concerning the realities of Ukraine, the influence of the political model of “shapeless pluralism” of hybrid regimes on the transformation of the foreign policy’ agenda.

scholarly journals The Role of Political Elites in the Development of New Villages in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jeck Seng Wee ◽  
Siew Nooi Phang ◽  
Samihah Khalil
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
National Development ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Development Objectives

Political elites comprise a small group that has power and influence over the “others” in society. Basically, political elites play an important role in the decision-making process of the community. New Villages in Malaysia are influenced by political elites who are the representatives of the village community. These political elites are members of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a coalition party of the ruling political party. MCA's political elite play an important role in safeguarding the welfare and affairs of the New Village residents. New Villages refer to a Chinese New Village which is a re-settlement site set up during the Communist emergency period of British rule in Malaysia in the mid-1950s. The role of the MCA's political elite has helped to create the New Village Master Plan 2005 which serves as a guide and reference to the Federal Government and the State Government in the development of New Villages. However, limited provisions and unclear policies have resulted in New Villages facing a multitude of problems and have frustrated development in New Villages especially in tandem with the requirements of national development. The residents of New Villages are neglected, and many are experiencing social and economic problems. The paper evaluates these problems with reference to the role of local leaders and development objectives for New Villages in the context of national goals.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SECURITY PROVIDERS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN THE CONTROL OF HATE CRIMES

Defendologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (41-42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velibor Lalić
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
National Level ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Suitable Environment

In this paper is analysed the role of security providers at the national level in thecontrol of hate crimes. The special particular reference is given on the role of the policeand prosecutor’s offi ce but also the other entities which have a social signifi cance in thecreation of the suitable environment for the prevention of these criminal offences. Thoseare primarily educational institutions, political elites and media. Effi cient control of thehate crimes is a comprehensive process in which should actively be involved differententities in the society, not only the authorities of the formal social control. Integral approachto this problem can give positive results in the long run, whether it is about therepressive action or the prevention.

scholarly journals Old Questions, New Techniques: A Research Note on the Computational Identification of Political Elites

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hicks ◽  
Vincent Traag ◽  
Ridho Reinanda
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Computational Identification

This paper presents a new method of identifying a nation’s political elite using computational techniques on digitised newspaper articles. It begins by describing the three most widely used methods of identifying political elites: positional, decisional and reputational. It then introduces the “reported elite method”, exploring the kinds of elites it detects and how well it reflects the composition of political elites in our case study of Indonesia. Compared to the other existing methods, we find that our method casts a much wider net when searching for political elites, resulting in many more people from civil society, far fewer formal politicians, and challenging conventional notions of who is a political elite. The method has two major underlying assumptions: (1) the newspapers from which the texts are drawn are free and fairly representative and (2) political power can be inferred from frequent appearance in newspapers alongside other frequently appearing individuals in computational “communities” of political elite.

scholarly journals Professional elevators to the Russian political elite

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
N. A. Yushkina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Power System ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Legislative Power

The article identifies and analyses the main professions-suppliers of personnel to the authorities, reveals their role in the formation of the Russian managerial political elite, and also considers professional spheres and social groups from which incorporation into the political class occurs. The paper takes as a basis the biographies of 800 representatives of all levels of executive and legislative power holding senior positions. According to the results the author creates a rating of professions that cater to the power system, determines the professional lifts and levels at which they are able to lead as well as dedicates and differentiates by the branches of the professional sphere – ramps leading to municipal, regional and Federal authorities. The study notes the special role of engineering-technical and economic professional blocks in the ability to enter the authorities. And also the article identifies and defines a significant group in terms of number with high passability at all levels of government and an instant career type that leads to power immediately after receiving higher education. The paper considers social and educational features of this group, reveals universities-suppliers, tendencies of recruitment of this category in the system of power. The author notes the role of the digital sphere in the formation of the political elite.

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