scholarly journals Are Maltese General Practitioners’ Musculoskeletal Imaging Requests Indicated for Diagnostic or Clinical Management Purposes? – A Research Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Georgiana Farrugia Bonnici ◽  
Ryan Grech
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Musculoskeletal Imaging ◽  
State Health ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Imaging Referral Guidelines

Research Objectives: This research study aimed to determine whether the patients' exposures to ionizing radiation via plain musculoskeletal radiography are indicated for the diagnostic or clinical management purposes, according to standards defined in the European Commission (Radiation safety 118) Referral Guidelines for Imaging (2001), as well as the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) i-Refer guidelines (2017). Research Methods: A non-experimental, exploratory research design was adopted to answer the objectives of this study. Data were collected through 694 electronic, musculoskeletal imaging requests that were selected via cluster random sampling. The data collected were quantitative in nature. The study had a 3.7 % margin of error (at a confidence level of 95 %) in relation to the analysed imaging request forms. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 at a confidence level of 95 % was considered as statistically significant. Results: Only 20.5 % of plain, musculoskeletal imaging requests that are being referred by Maltese, state health centres G.Ps are classified as indicated for diagnostic or clinical management purposes. In addition, 65.3 % of plain, musculoskeletal imaging requests were classified in the not routinely indicated category. The lumbo-sacral spine is the region that has registered the highest number of cases in the not routinely indicated category; being closely followed by the knee and the cervical spine respectively. These findings indicate that there is a greater tendency for Maltese state health centres G.Ps to request plain, musculoskeletal imaging investigations which are not routinely warranted according to the European Commission RP118 (2001) or the RCR i-Refer (2017) gold-standard imaging referral guidelines. Moreover, 40.0 % of these imaging requests were also referred with insufficient clinical details. Recommendations: Based on the research findings as well as the available literature, the following recommendations are being suggested: Continuing medical education in radiation safety and imaging referral criteria for Maltese state health centres G.Ps and G.P. trainees; Issuing regular departmental memos about any related evidence-based research findings; Ensuring the availability of the imaging referral guidelines on the desktops of all workplace computers, and promoting the use of imaging referral guidelines as well as kindling the safety-net of asking for advice from senior colleagues or radiologists whenever the referrers are in doubt about the management of a particular clinical case; Promoting the development of refinements and updates of locally applicable imaging referral guidelines to address any potential gaps in the older versions; Considering the introduction of a pro-forma clinical checklist for requesting online plain imaging investigations to aid G.Ps in improving the appropriateness of their imaging requests at times of clinical controversy, as well as in providing all the relevant clinical details for reporting; Organizing a radiation protection campaign to both the Primary Health Care Department (Malta) as well as to members of the general public and considering the use of radiation protection booklets or posters that may be distributed or show-cased to the patients whilst still in the primary care clinics waiting areas.

Physical Therapists’ Experiences Updating the Clinical Management of Walking Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Qualitative Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Salbach ◽  
Paula Veinot ◽  
Susan Rappolt ◽  
Mark Bayley ◽  
Dawn Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Walking Rehabilitation ◽  
Ease Of Access

Background: Little is known about physical therapists’ experiences using research evidence to improve the delivery of stroke rehabilitation. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore how physical therapists use research evidence to update the clinical management of walking rehabilitation after stroke. Specific objectives were to identify physical therapists’ clinical questions related to walking rehabilitation, sources of information sought to address these questions, and factors influencing the incorporation of research evidence into practice. Design and Methods: Two authors conducted in-depth telephone interviews with 23 physical therapists who treat people with stroke and who had participated in a previous survey on evidence-based practice. Data were analyzed with a constant comparative approach to identify emerging themes. Results: Therapists commonly raised questions about the selection of treatments or outcome measures. Therapists relied foremost on peers for information because of their availability, ease of access, and minimal cost. Participants sought information from research literature themselves or with the help of librarians or students. Research syntheses (eg, systematic reviews) enabled access to a body of research. Older therapists described insufficient computer and search skills. Most participants considered appraisal and application of research findings challenging and identified insufficient time and peer isolation as organizational barriers to the use of research. Conclusions: Physical therapists require efficient access to research syntheses primarily to inform the measurement and treatment of walking limitation after stroke. Continuing education is needed to enhance skills in appraising research findings and applying them to practice. Older therapists require additional training to develop computer and search skills. Peer networks and student internships may optimize the exchange of new knowledge for therapists working in isolation.

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR BERBAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS (KAJIAN ETNOGRAFI KOMUNIKASI)

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul R.
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Acts 2

This article is about a research study conducted to describe and clarifypoliteness in speech acts using Indonesian in the talk done during a lesson in theclassroom at SMA PMT Hamka, a senior high school in Padang Pariaman,Sumatra Barat, focusing on representations of (1) the forms of politeness in thespeech acts, (2) the functions of politeness in the speech acts, and (3) the strategiesof using politeness in the speech acts. It was a case study with communicationethnography and pragmatics as its starting points. The data consisted of two types:data from utterances and data from field notes. The two types of data, compiled bymeans of recordings, observations, and interviews, were analyzed with aninteractive model of analysis.The research findings are as follows. First, in the context ofrepresentations of the forms of speech-act politeness, it is found that (a) suchrepresentations using Indonesian use the declarative, interrogative, and imperativemodes, (b) the use of the declarative mode represents command, request, advice,and praise, (c) the use of the interrogative mode represents requesting, asking forwhat students have promised, clarifying whether students have understood, andgiving a warning, (d) the use of the imperative mode represents invitation to dosomething, request, and command, (e) a softening of the illocution power is foundin utterances using the declarative and interrogative modes so that the utterancesare felt to be polite, (f) utterances using the interrogative mode, however, tends tohave a strengthening effect on the illocution power so that the utterances are feltless polite. Second, in the context of representations of the functions of speech-actpoliteness, it is found that (a) the functions of politeness in directive acts consist ofrequesting, permitting, advising, commanding, and forbidding functions and (b)the functions of politeness in expressive acts consist of praising and thankingfunctions. Third, in the context of representations of the strategies of speech-actpoliteness, it is found that (a) utterances can be direct, realized in completeimperative form and imperative form with incomplete phrase and (b) utterancescan be indirect by (1) being with expressions of politeness used in a positive way,(2) being with expressions of politeness used in a negative way, and (3) beingunclear.Keywords: politeness, speech act, directive, expressive, classroom instruction120

scholarly journals Managing Bipolar Disorder during Pregnancy: Weighing the Risks and Benefits

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele C Viguera ◽  
Lee S Cohen ◽  
Ross J Baldessarini ◽  
Ruta Nonacs
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Abrupt Discontinuation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Teratogenic Potential

Background: Challenges for the clinical management of bipolar disorder (BD) during pregnancy are multiple and complex and include competing risks to mother and offspring. Method: We reviewed recent research findings on the course of BD during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as reproductive safety data on the major mood stabilizers. Results: Pregnancy, and especially the postpartum period, are associated with a high risk for recurrence of BD. This risk appears to be limited by mood-stabilizing treatments and markedly increased by the abrupt discontinuation of such treatments. However, drugs used to treat or protect against recurrences of BD vary markedly in teratogenic potential: there are low risks with typical neuroleptics, moderate risks with lithium, higher risks with older anticonvulsants such as valproic acid and carbamazepine, and virtually unknown risks with other newer-generation anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics (ATPs). Conclusions: Clinical management of BD through pregnancy and postpartum calls for balanced assessments of maternal and fetal risks and benefits. Contexte: Les problèmes liés au traitement clinique du trouble bipolaire (TB) durant la grossesse sont profonds et peuvent entraîner des risques concurrents pour la mère et l'enfant. Méthode: Nous avons examiné les résultats récents de la recherche sur le cours du TB durant la grossesse et le post-partum, de même que les données d'innocuité reproductrice des principaux régulateurs de l'humeur. Résultats: La grossesse et surtout la période du post-partum comportent des risques élevés de récurrence du TB. Les risques semblent être limités par les traitements aux régulateurs de l'humeur et notablement accrus par la cessation abrupte de ces traitements. Toutefois, les médicaments utilisés pour traiter ou prévenir les récurrences du TB varient beaucoup en ce qui concerne les risques tératogènes: les risques sont faibles pour les neuroleptiques typiques, modérés pour le lithium, élevés pour les anciens anticonvulsivants comme l'acide valproïque et la carbamazépine, et presque inconnus pour les autres anticonvulsivants de la nouvelle génération et les antipsychotiques atypiques (APA). Conclusions: Le traitement clinique des femmes souffrant du TB durant la grossesse et le post-partum demande des évaluations équilibrées des risques et des avantages pour la mère et le foetus.

scholarly journals Effective Groupwork Strategies: Faculty and Students’ Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ali Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Students Attitudes

The goal of this research study was to find what makes groupwork to be successful. We asked faculty why they give groupwork assignments to their students and what their opinions about the best practices in creating effective groupwork environment for their students are. It was also intended to compare instructors’ opinions with research findings to find out how much their groupwork strategies match research findings in this area. Likewise, we asked students about features of successful groupwork to see if faculty and students’ viewpoints on features of successful groupwork were similar. The results reveal the most prevalent groupwork strategies practiced by faculty and the favorite ones among students. Results show faculty and students’ attitudes towards groupwork are very similar, however, many faculty do not follow the guidelines suggested in earlier studies to improve the effectiveness of groupwork assignments.

scholarly journals Simplifying Instructional Methodology Through Meta-Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arran Caza ◽  
Eric Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Instructional Methodology ◽  
Instructional Methodologies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Teaching Situations

Choosing appropriate instructional methodologies when designing a course is challenging. The variety of options available magnify this difficulty. For good reasons, educators may be reluctant to implement new instructional methodologies, even when they are interested in doing so. We propose a potential solution based on the findings of a recent research study that identified instructional meta-practices (i.e., fundamental course activities shared by many different instructional methods) and their effects on a variety of student outcomes. We summarize the research findings and build on them to suggest how meta-practices may simplify the challenge of choosing an instructional methodology. Our suggestions include specific examples for a variety of teaching situations and a summary of one educator’s experience.

From the Laboratory to the Headlines: Teaching Critical Evaluation of Press Reports of Research

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Connor-Greene
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Individual Assignment ◽  
Active And Collaborative Learning ◽  
Newspaper Account ◽  
Classroom Exercise ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual

This article describes a classroom exercise and an individual assignment designed to teach critical evaluation of research reports in the popular press. The classroom exercise uses active and collaborative learning to apply the principles of scientific investigation, particularly the distinction between correlation and causation, in analyzing the limitations of a newspaper account of a research study. The individual assignment requires students to locate and critique a newspaper or magazine summary of research. The goal of these two exercises is to engage students in active learning about research methods and help them to become critical consumers of media accounts of research findings.

Reflections on Workplace Compassion and Job Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadeer Mohamed Badr ElDin Aboul-Ela
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Contextual Performance ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Research Findings

Workplace compassion is one of the cornerstone remedies to employees’ suffering. Compassionate acts will directly affect the job performance of employees. This research study looks at the analysing relationship between workplace compassion and job performance, namely, task performance and contextual performance. Workplace compassion, task performance and contextual performance were explored from a previous literature perspective and were tested and analysed statistically. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among teachers and co-teachers employed in international nurseries in Cairo and Giza governorates located in Egypt. Results revealed a positive relationship between workplace compassion and job performance (task and contextual constructs). Discussion of the results along with managerial implications and recommendations were addressed based on the research findings.

scholarly journals Importance of Social Mobilization Intervention of Crop Maximization Project in Socio-Economic Development of Small Farmers of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol I (II) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Kaleem Muhammad ◽  
Khattak Bahader Sher ◽  
Rashid Ali Syed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Research Findings

This research study is carried out to know about the importance of social mobilization intervention of Crop Maximization Project on the socio-economic development of small farmers of district Charsadda. The objective of this research study was to know about the role of the social mobilization of the project in uplifting the social and economic conditions of small farmers of the targeted area. The present research study was carried out in union councils Rajjar-II and Sarki Tetara of Tehsil and district Charsadda. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for data collection from 150 respondents, who were purposively selected through random sampling method. The analyzed data indicated that 100% of the respondents were fully satisfied the role played by social mobilization in their motivation, awareness, empowerment, capacity building and organization. Majority (93.3%) of the respondents utilized these skills empowerment for their social and economic development while only 6.7% of them got no benefits. The research findings indicates that effective social mobilization can pave the way for other practical developmental initiatives by motivating, organizing and building the capacity of the targeted population. In future rural development projects there should be effective social mobilization sector, which can bring the maximum number of the targeted population in main stream to get the maximum benefits from the development projects

scholarly journals The culture of popular sports and religionPopüler spor kültürü ve din

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2386
Author(s):  
Mehmet Haşim Akgül ◽  
Turgut Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Sport Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Being Religious ◽  
Life Phenomenon

Sport and religion had different definitions throughout the history. Roots of sport and religion phenomenon are as old as history of humanity, when common ground is searched.  Sport has a changing relationship with religion along the history and according to data of sport history, sport has an aspect comes from religion. Relation between sport and religion has continued in different periods, while in modern times this relation has become a contradiction. This study, which has themed Popular Sport Culture and Religion, investigates effects of popular culture, religion and sport on doing exercises. Relationship between ‘’ exercise for healthy life’’ phenomenon and tendency of being religious phenomenon which are ever-mounting in community has presented as descriptive in this applied research study. Universe of study is composed of people who are making sport/exercise for healthy life in Konya and 197 male, 112 female attendants are reached. Research findings has interpreted as statistically. Positive relationships and significant discrepancies has found between popular sport/exercise culture and piety, according to gained data.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetTarih boyunca spor ve din çeşitli tanımlamalara konu olmuştur. Bu tanımlamaların ortak noktasına bakıldığında; spor ve din olgularının kökleri insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Spor tarihinin verilerine göre kökeninde dinsel bir yan bulunduğu sporun, tarih boyunca din ile değişen bir ilişkisi olmuştur. Çeşitli dönemlerde din ve spor ilişkisi birlikteliğini devam ettirirken, modern zamanlarda arasındaki ilişki neredeyse bir karşıtlık ilişkisi şeklinde düşünüle gelmiştir.  Popüler Spor Kültürü ve Din konulu bu çalışma, günümüzde popüler kültürün, din ve spor/egzersiz yapmaya etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Uygulamalı bir araştırma olan çalışmada, toplumda gittikçe yaygınlaşan ‘sağlıklı yaşam için egzersiz’ yapma ile gittikçe artan dindarlaşma eğilimi arasındaki ilişki betimsel olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın evrenini, Konya’da sağlıklı yaşam için spor/egersiz yapan insanlar oluşturmuş ve 197 erkek, 112 kadın katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır.  Elde edilen araştırma bulguları istatistiksel olarak yorumlanmıştır.  Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle, popüler spor/egzersiz kültürü ile dindarlık göstergeleri arasında olumlu ilişkiler ve anlamlı farklılıklar bulgulanmıştır.

scholarly journals Young People's Views on Accelerometer Use in Physical Activity Research: Findings from a User Involvement Investigation

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kirby ◽  
Carly Tibbins ◽  
Claire Callens ◽  
Beckie Lang ◽  
Margaret Thorogood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Research Study ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Development

The use of accelerometers to objectively measure physical activity is important in understanding young people's behaviours, as physical activity plays a key part in obesity prevention and treatment. A user-involvement qualitative study with young people aged 7–18 years (n=35) was carried out to investigate views on accelerometer use to inform an obesity treatment research study. First impressions were often negative, with issues related to size and comfort reported. Unwanted attention from wearing an accelerometer and bullying risk were also noted. Other disadvantages included feeling embarrassed and not being able to wear the device for certain activities. Positive aspects included feeling “special” and having increased attention from friends. Views on the best time to wear accelerometers were mixed. Advice was offered on how to make accelerometers more appealing, including presenting them in a positive way, using a clip rather than elastic belt to attach, personalising the device, and having feedback on activity levels. Judgements over the way in which accelerometers are used should be made at the study development stage and based on the individual population. In particular, introducing accelerometers in a clear and positive way is important. Including a trial wearing period, considering practical issues, and providing incentives may help increase compliance.

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