The Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.

Inflammation is the initial response to acute and chronic tissue damage, which is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Natural products derived from plants have specific pharmacological activity and minimal side effects. Brucea javanica is a plant that has an anti-inflammatory effect, this plant contains alkaloid and flavonoid compounds. Flavonoids have the ability to block cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase while alkaloids as an anti-inflammatory are thought to work by inhibiting prostaglandin H2 PGH2 which is an inflammatory mediator. From the data obtained, there is no complete literature that reviews its use as an anti-inflammatory. The search databases used are as follows: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to study the anti-inflammatory activity of Brucea javanica. All recent research articles were published between 2010 to 2021. Based on eligibility, 4 studies were included in this study, consisting of 2 In vivo studies and 2 In vitro and In vivo studies. A series of pharmacological studies have reported that Brucea javanica can block the Nf-kB signaling pathway and decrease the production of inflammatory mediators. It has been reported to be able to inhibit the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-, IL-1β, IL-18IL-23, COX-2, NF-κB, IFN-γ, IL-6, the levels of MPO (Myeloperoxidase), reducing the edema and induce the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β). Brucea javanica also markedly activates Nrf2 expression suppressing the inflammatory response-mediated NLRP3 and NF-κB activation. In addition, the elevated mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 and RAGE was remarkably inhibited by Brucea javanica, while the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was significantly enhanced. In vitro and in vivo studies strongly indicate that Brucea javanica has the potential as an anti-inflammatory.

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Thymoquinone, a Dietary Bioactive Compound, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Colitis by Stimulating Expression of the Colonic Epithelial PPAR-γ Transcription Factor

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1343

Author(s):

Balaji Venkataraman ◽

Saeeda Almarzooqi ◽

Vishnu Raj ◽

Abdullah T. Alhassani ◽

Ahmad S. Alhassani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Activity Index ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Ppar Γ ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ht 29

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Here, we investigated thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring phytochemical present in Nigella sativa, for anti-inflammatory effects in colonic inflammation. To address this, we used in vivo (mice) and in vitro (HT-29 cells) models in this investigation. Our results showed that TQ treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and protected colon microscopic architecture. In addition, TQ also reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators at both the mRNA and protein levels. Further, TQ decreased phosphorylation of the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins and enhanced colon epithelial PPAR-γ transcription factor expression. TQ significantly decreased proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL-1 and IL-8), and mediator (COX-2) mRNA expression in HT-29 cells treated with TNF-α. TQ also increased HT-29 PPAR-γ mRNA, PPAR-γ protein expression, and PPAR-γ promoter activity. These results indicate that TQ inhibits MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and transcriptionally regulates PPAR-γ expression to induce potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro models of colon inflammation.

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Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Daturaolone from Datura innoxia Mill.: In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14121248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1248

Author(s):

Muhammad Waleed Baig ◽

Humaira Fatima ◽

Nosheen Akhtar ◽

Hidayat Hussain ◽

Mohammad K. Okla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Metabolic Reaction ◽

Datura Innoxia ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Immobility Time ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Exploration of leads with therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders is worth pursuing. In line with this, the isolated natural compound daturaolone from Datura innoxia Mill. was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. Daturaolone follows Lipinski’s drug-likeliness rule with a score of 0.33. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction show strong plasma protein binding; gastrointestinal absorption (Caco-2 cells permeability = 34.6 nm/s); no blood–brain barrier penetration; CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 metabolism; a major metabolic reaction, being aliphatic hydroxylation; no hERG inhibition; and non-carcinogenicity. Predicted molecular targets were mainly inflammatory mediators. Molecular docking depicted H-bonding interaction with nuclear factor kappa beta subunit (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2, serotonin transporter, dopamine receptor D1 and 5-hydroxy tryptamine. Its cytotoxicity (IC50) value in normal lymphocytes was >20 µg/mL as compared to cancer cells (Huh7.5; 17.32 ± 1.43 µg/mL). Daturaolone significantly inhibited NF-κB and nitric oxide production with IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.8 and 4.51 ± 0.92 µg/mL, respectively. It significantly reduced inflammatory paw edema (81.73 ± 3.16%), heat-induced pain (89.47 ± 9.01% antinociception) and stress-induced depression (68 ± 9.22 s immobility time in tail suspension test). This work suggests a possible anti-inflammatory role of daturaolone; however, detailed mechanistic studies are still necessary to corroborate and extrapolate the findings.

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Su1819 – New Class of Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Based on Gold (III) Complexes in Intestinal Inflammation – Proof of Concept Based on in Vitro and in Vivo Studies

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(19)38456-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 156 (6) ◽

pp. S-623

Author(s):

Julia B. Krajewska ◽

Jakub Wlodarczyk ◽

Przemyslaw Taciak ◽

Remigiusz Szczepaniak ◽

Jakub Fichna

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

New Class ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Extracellular vesicles from human cardiovascular progenitors trigger a reparative immune response in infarcted hearts

Cardiovascular Research ◽

10.1093/cvr/cvaa028 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bruna Lima Correa ◽

Nadia El Harane ◽

Ingrid Gomez ◽

Hocine Rachid Hocine ◽

José Vilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Inflammatory Monocytes ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Aims The cardioprotective effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPC) are largely mediated by the paracrine release of extracellular vesicles (EV). We aimed to assess the immunological behaviour of EV-CPC, which is a prerequisite for their clinical translation. Methods and results Flow cytometry demonstrated that EV-CPC expressed very low levels of immune relevant molecules including HLA Class I, CD80, CD274 (PD-L1), and CD275 (ICOS-L); and moderate levels of ligands of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor, NKG2D. In mixed lymphocyte reactions, EV-CPC neither induced nor modulated adaptive allogeneic T cell immune responses. They also failed to induce NK cell degranulation, even at high concentrations. These in vitro effects were confirmed in vivo as repeated injections of EV-CPC did not stimulate production of immunoglobulins or affect the interferon (IFN)-γ responses from primed splenocytes. In a mouse model of chronic heart failure, intra-myocardial injections of EV-CPC, 3 weeks after myocardial infarction, decreased both the number of cardiac pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes and circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). In a model of acute infarction, direct cardiac injection of EV-CPC 2 days after infarction reduced pro-inflammatory macrophages, Ly6Chigh monocytes, and neutrophils in heart tissue as compared to controls. EV-CPC also reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-2, and IL-6, and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These effects on human macrophages and monocytes were reproduced in vitro; EV-CPC reduced the number of pro-inflammatory monocytes and M1 macrophages, while increasing the number of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Conclusions EV-CPC do not trigger an immune response either in in vitro human allogeneic models or in immunocompetent animal models. The capacity for orienting the response of monocyte/macrophages towards resolution of inflammation strengthens the clinical attractiveness of EV-CPC as an acellular therapy for cardiac repair.

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Anti-inflammatory effect ofRhus vernivifluaStokes by suppression of iNOS-mediated Akt and ERK pathways: in-vitro and in-vivo studies

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01251.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 679-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chang Hwa Jung ◽

Jeong-Hyun Kim ◽

Ji Hye Kim ◽

Joo Hee Chung ◽

Han-Seok Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Studies ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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In Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Okinawan Vegetable Methanol Extracts

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.9b02178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (13) ◽

pp. 15660-15664

Author(s):

Junichi Nagata ◽

Hiroyuki Yokodera ◽

Goki Maeda

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Studies ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Apple Flavonols Mitigate Adipocyte Inflammation and Promote Angiogenic Factors in LPS- and Cobalt Chloride-Stimulated Adipocytes, in Part by a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ-Dependent Mechanism

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danyelle M. Liddle ◽

Meaghan E. Kavanagh ◽

Amanda J. Wright ◽

Lindsay E. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Cobalt Chloride ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Low Grade ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Ppar Γ ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Adipose tissue (AT) expansion induces local hypoxia, a key contributor to the chronic low-grade inflammation that drives obesity-associated disease. Apple flavonols phloretin (PT) and phlorizin (PZ) are suggested anti-inflammatory molecules but their effectiveness in obese AT is inadequately understood. Using in vitro models designed to reproduce the obese AT microenvironment, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 24 h with PT or PZ (100 μM) concurrent with the inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL) and/or the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2; 100 μM). Within each condition, PT was more potent than PZ and its effects were partially mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ (p < 0.05), as tested using the PPAR-γ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). In LPS-, CoCl2-, or LPS + CoCl2-stimulated adipocytes, PT reduced mRNA expression and/or secreted protein levels of inflammatory and macrophage chemotactic adipokines, and increased that of anti-inflammatory and angiogenic adipokines, which was consistent with reduced mRNA expression of M1 polarization markers and increased M2 markers in RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured in media collected from LPS + CoCl2-simulated adipocytes (p < 0.05). Further, within LPS + CoCl2-stimulated adipocytes, PT reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, nuclear factor-κB activation, and apoptotic protein expression (p < 0.05). Overall, apple flavonols attenuate critical aspects of the obese AT phenotype.

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