scholarly journals Dependency Between Grammatical Structure of Language and Verbal Thinking Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Savitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Thinking Strategies ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Verbal Thinking

The article contains a discussion of how the grammatical structure of a language determines sentence structure and affects verbal thinking strategy. The stages of languages’ historic development (incorporative, ergative, nominative) and the relationship between sentence structure and native speakers’ thinking are characterized. The common case of the grammatical subject of a sentence does mean that Anglo-Saxons regard themselves as their own fortune’s active makers and masters. The common case equally expresses success and failure, activity and passivity, self-will and conformity. Nowadays, languages of all the three types coexist on the Globe. The languages of the first two types are used not only by primitive peoples but also by civilized nations. But this does not mean that civilized speakers think archaically. Methods and conclusions. Contrastive analysis of language material (English personal and Russian impersonal morphosyntactic constructions) enables the author to conclude: there is no direct correlation between national character and sentence structure. The connection between thinking and grammar does not consist in this; it consists in the choice of thinking strategies based on the grammatical potential of the language under discussion.

Семантико-синтаксичні особливості українських й англійських паремій: зіставний аспект

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Svitlana Szulha
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Common

The article in question deals with the linguistic contrastive analysis of the semanticosyntactic structure of Ukrainian and English proverbs. The attention has been focused on the sentence structure including stylistic, functional and semantic overtones. Paroemias are considered as a complicated semantic category which may refl ect the specifi city of perception of the objective reality by the representatives of diff erent ethnos in general and each fragment in particular. In a wide sense a paroemia is an archetype unit that represents ancient culture, traditions and mentality of each nation. The common and diff erent features have been identifi ed according to structure, lexical background and meaning. The most widespread similarities and diff erences have been determined in both languages with the help of structural models.

scholarly journals ABBREVIATION IN THE SPEAKER’S GRAMMAR: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
E.N. Guts ◽  
◽  
D.V. Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
School Students ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

The article presents the results of a directed associative experiment carried out with high school students of secondary schools. The purpose of the article is to reveal the relationship between the structural and semantic features of the utterance and the strategies of the respondents’ choice of a linguistic sign (word/abbreviation) in the context of a directed associative experiment. The analysis of the experimental material made it possible to draw conclusions about the peculiarities of using the initial abbreviation as an associate; about the possibility of the abbreviation of stable and individual, situational associative links; about the strategies for choosing a linguistic sign (words, abbreviations, phrases) depending on the semantics of the reference word and the type of grammatical structure of the experimental sentence; on the consolidation of initial abbreviations in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of the Russian language, which is associated with the strengthening of the law of economy of linguistic means in modern speech communication.

scholarly journals Improving Pronunciation of Adult ESL Students

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Adult Esl ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
The Relationship

This article describes a classroom technique for improving the pronunciation of adult ESL learners. The technique is based on using stress and pausing in the same manner as native speakers of English. Dramatic improvement in pronunciation may be quickly achieved by showing learners how stress and pause are related to parts of speech and sentence structure. The article describes how a classroom teacher can develop an awareness of the relationship between grammar and pronunciation for learners.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PANDANGAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA INDONESIA DAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA JEPANG TERHADAP PRIVASI DALAM KOMUNIKASI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sonda Sanjaya ◽  
Yuriko Ando
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Perbedaan pandangan di antara mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang terhadap privasi dalam komunikasi memungkinkan menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan dalam proses berkomunikasi dan mengundang kesalahpahaman. Guna mengurangi gangguan komunikasi dan kesalahpamahan, maka kajian penelitian mengenai privasi dalam komunikasi sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji persamaan dan perbedaan ranah privasi mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang, siapa saja yang boleh dan tidak boleh mengetahui privasi penutur, dan bagaimana respons penutur terhadap mitra tutur yang membahas topik pembicaraan yang berkaitan dengan privasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik survey dengan mendistribusi kuesioner kepada 127 responden di Indonesia dan 107 responden di Jepang. Responden di Indonesia adalah mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Indonesia dan responden di Jepang adalah mahasiswa mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Jepang di Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia lebih terbuka terhadap privasi dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang. Kemudian, mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang membicarakan privasi terhadap mitra tutur sembari mempertimbangkan apakah penutur dan mitra tutur memiliki hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak. Sedangkan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia memutuskan akan membicarakan hal yang berkaitan dengan privasi atau tidak dengan mitra tutur setelah memastikan apakah ada hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak.  The different perspectives on privacy between college students who speak Indonesian and those who speak Japanese as their native language may create some misunderstandings when they interact with each other. To avoid such misunderstandings, more studies on privacy in communication are needed. Meanwhile studies on the field are still scarce. Therefore, to fill the gap, this study aims at finding out the similarities and differences on topics that are considered as privacy by students who speak Indonesian language and Japanese language. Additionally, this study also revealed to which interlocutors they may be comfortable to open up talking about topics considered as their privacy and how they respond towards interlocutors who bring up such topics. To collect the data, a questionnaire on privacy was distributed to 127 participants in Indonesia and 107 participants in Japan. Respondents from both countries were college students who were native speakers of the language spoken in their countries, Japan and Indonesia. The data collected then were analyzed by employing contrastive analysis. The study indicated that Indonesian students were more open in comparison to Japanese students as indicated by the breadth of their preferred conversation topics with strangers. Additionally, when opening up to topics considered as private topics, Japanese students were simultaneously evaluating whether they had trusted relationship with the interlocutors throughout the interaction. On the other hand, instead of simultaneously evaluating the relationship, Indonesian students tended to decide whether they had the trusted relationship first before they proceeded to opening up about their privacy with their interlocutors.

scholarly journals The implication of the lexicon contrastive analysis of colors in Persian & English in perception and translation of colors

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Hamideh Sadat Bagherzadeh ◽  
Aqil Izadysadr
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Color Grouping ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Color is all around but it is not everywhere treated in the same way. The terms people use to describe colors give another means of exploring the relationship between different languages and cultures. One field we can see the manifestation of this relationship is translation because we sometimes cannot directly translate color words from one language to another without introducing subtle changes in meaning, or the perception of the same colors in different languages may be different due to different cultures (Wardhaugh, 2006). This study aims at investigating the contrastive comparison of color lexicons- in terms of number and variety as well as their perception- in Persian and English and its effect on translation; moreover, by utilizing this cross-cultural study of color perception, want to investigate whether or not this research is in harmony with previous research –specifically the Weak Version of Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis advocating that language influences perception. The findings of this study are the result of a long process of investigating many English and Persian dictionaries, art and graphic books, personal interviews with artists, and some tasks for translators and even native speakers of both languages. After finding the specific types and lexicons of colors, we found some colors with no equivalent in the other language. Therefore, those color terms were the stimulus for our tasks. We provided some tasks and asked 50 English-Persian translators who were Persian native speakers and 50 English native speakers (Because of the limitation of access to English-Persian translators who are also English native speakers) for their perception of those colors in order to find out how perception of the colors with no equivalent in the native language would affect the translation. Results revealed that 98% of translators had difficulty perceiving and translating the two different color lexicons for which Persian had no equivalent, and 99% of translators had difficulty translating 15 different color lexicons, which were chosen among 32 color lexicons of Persian with no English equivalent. Similarly, 97% of English native speakers had difficulty perceiving the translated Persian color lexicons to English, for which they had no certain equivalent.  Having compared the results of data collection in Persian and English, the researchers found that there are statistically significant similarities and differences between Persian and English color terms. Comparing the results revealed that the two languages are similar in the number of basic colors; however, color types are more various in Persian while there are more terms for one single color in English; therefore, the marked similarity of color grouping in Persian and English suggests some evidence that color grouping is universal and is inconsistent with the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. However, part of the results, which shows differences in the perception of colors in two languages, is consistent with the Weak Version of Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. Consequently, as an implication of the study in EFL/ESL and translation, the study provides some evidence which could be a source in translation of color terms in Persian and English.

scholarly journals Transparency and Translatability of the Terminological Metaphor in the Domain of Computer Science (A Contrastive Analysis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Doina Butiurca
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur research, Transparency and translatability of the terminological metaphor in the domain of the internet, is a contrastive analysis in the topic of the metaphor, especially. The relationship between the common and the special lexicon in the domain of the Internet in the English language as source language, the relationship between the common denominator between the source language and the semantic basis, of equivalence in the target language represent the aims of the research. The languages in which the analysis is carried out are different from the genealogical and typological point of view (the English language on the one hand, the Romance language and Hungarian on the other). The perspective is a descriptive-semasiological one, and the methods applied - the paradigmatic and syntagmatic analysis, the contrastive analysis - are adapted to this perspective. The transparency in the meaning, the degree of translatability, the motivated character of the terminological metaphor, the role of linguistics / of semantics in the terminology of the Internet are only some of the conclusions of the research.

PERSOALAN KEHIDUPAN KONTEMPORER: MENGGAGAS KAJIAN SACHEDINA TENTANG THEOLOGI PLURALISME

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limas Dodi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Differences

According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, the main argument of religious pluralism in the Qur’an based on the relationship between private belief (personal) and public projection of Islam in society. By regarding to private faith, the Qur’an being noninterventionist (for example, all forms of human authority should not be disturb the inner beliefs of individuals). While the public projection of faith, the Qur’an attitude based on the principle of coexistence. There is the willingness of the dominant race provide the freedom for people of other faiths with their own rules. Rules could shape how to run their affairs and to live side by side with the Muslims. Thus, based on the principle that the people of Indonesia are Muslim majority, it should be a mirror of a societie’s recognizion, respects and execution of religious pluralism. Abdul Aziz Sachedina called for Muslims to rediscover the moral concerns of public Islam in peace. The call for peace seemed to indicate that the existence of increasingly weakened in the religious sense of the Muslims and hence need to be reaffi rmed. Sachedina also like to emphasize that the position of peace in Islam is parallel with a variety of other doctrines, such as: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and so on. Sachedina also tried to show the argument that the common view among religious groups is only one religion and traditions of other false and worthless. “Antipluralist” argument comes amid the reality of human religious differences. Keywords: Theology, Pluralism, Abdulaziz Sachedina

Migraine: Genetic Variants and Clinical Phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (34) ◽  
pp. 6207-6221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocenzo Rainero ◽  
Alessandro Vacca ◽  
Flora Govone ◽  
Annalisa Gai ◽  
Lorenzo Pinessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Migraine is a common, chronic neurovascular disorder caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. In the last two decades, molecular genetics of migraine have been intensively investigated. In a few cases, migraine is transmitted as a monogenic disorder, and the disease phenotype cosegregates with mutations in different genes like CACNA1A, ATP1A2, SCN1A, KCNK18, and NOTCH3. In the common forms of migraine, candidate genes as well as genome-wide association studies have shown that a large number of genetic variants may increase the risk of developing migraine. At present, few studies investigated the genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with migraine. The purpose of this review was to discuss recent studies investigating the relationship between different genetic variants and the clinical characteristics of migraine. Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations in migraineurs is complicated by several confounding factors and, to date, only polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene have been shown to have an effect on migraine phenotype. Additional genomic studies and network analyses are needed to clarify the complex pathways underlying migraine and its clinical phenotypes.

ARTICULATORY FEATURES OF THE /I/-TYPE VOWELS IN THE ALTAI-KIZHI DIALECT (MRI DATA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
ALBINA A. DOBRININA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Articulatory Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Rural Locality

The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).

The Trade Mark, Other Product Designations, and Goodwill

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Passing Off ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the meaning of the terms that appropriately denote the subject matter protectable by registered trade mark and allied rights, including the common law action of passing off. Drawing on the earlier analyses of the objects protectable by patent and copyright, it defines the trade mark, designation of origin, and geographical indication in their current European and UK conception as hybrid inventions/works in the form of purpose-limited expressive objects. It also considers the relationship between the different requirements for trade mark and allied rights protection, and related principles of entitlement. In its conclusion, the legal understandings of trade mark and allied rights subject matter are presented as answers to the questions identified in Chapter 3 concerning the categories and essential properties of the subject matter in question, their method of individuation, and the relationship between and method of establishing their and their tokens’ existence.

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