scholarly journals Determinants of Bioenergy Consumption in the European Continental Countries: Evidence from GMM Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Alsaleh ◽  
Abdul Samad Abdul-Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Capital Input ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments

This study contributes to the existing literature by examining bioenergy consumption and related factors in continental European countries (ECC). This study extends the current research through its focus on the ECC, which mainly consists of nationwide studies. This study analyses the determinants of bioenergy consumption in the ECC from 2005-2013, estimates its economic variables and evaluates the influence of each variable on bioenergy consumption and related significance level. A generalised method of moments estimator (GMM) was designed for ECC. The estimated models show that bioenergy capital input (CI) positively impacts bioenergy consumption. The most influential factor on use was the price of bioenergy (PR) followed by investment (INV), then gross domestic product (GDP). These results should be considered and used as a tool to develop legislation and policies that could benefit the bioenergy sector in ECC. The evidence shows that CI, INV, and PR have been the primary keys in improving bioenergy consumption in recent years in ECC countries. Thus, they have advanced the efficiency of bioenergy consumption.

scholarly journals Bioenergy Intensity and Its Determinants in European Continental Countries: Evidence Using GMM Estimation

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Alsaleh ◽  
A. Abdul-Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Variable ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
The Impact

This study contributes to the existing literature by examining bioenergy intensity and its related factors in European continental countries (ECC). Through its focus on European continental (EC), this study extends the existing literature, which mainly covers nationwide studies. The current paper aims to investigate the variables of bioenergy intensity in the ECC during the term 2005–2013, construct its economic variables, and evaluate the volume and significance level of the impact of each variable on bioenergy intensity. To successfully achieve this analysis, a generalised method of moments estimator (GMM) was designed for ECC. The estimated models show that available bioenergy for final consumption has a positive impact on bioenergy intensity in ECC. The largest influence on bioenergy intensity was evaluated for the annual growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), followed by the investment and referral that the scale and construction of this economic variable should be taken into consideration and applied as a precious bioenergy regulation and policy instruments for developing bioenergy intensity and efficiency.

scholarly journals EVA and the Impact of the Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from the Jordanian Manufacturing Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Zeyad Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study aimed at examining the effect of macroeconomic variables on the performance of Jordanian manufacturing companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange expressed by EVA using unbalanced panel data pooled ordinary least square (OLS) regression model of all 77th Jordanian manufacturing companies listed at ASE for the period 2000-2014 resulting in 1085 firm-year observations connecting firm level and time series data set. This study has revealed that interest rate has statistically significant inverse effect on the performance of the Jordanian manufacturing companies (β=-0.064, p-value &lt;0.01).The results of this study have also revealed that Inflation (β=0.0945, p-value &lt;0.05) and Government expenditure ratio(β=0.0734, p-value &lt;0.05) have a statistically significant positive effect on the performance of the Jordanian manufacturing companies at the significance level &lt;0.05.Also, Gross domestic product(β=0.00395, p-value &lt;0.10) affects the performance of the Jordanian manufacturing companies at the significance level&lt; 0.10, and finally, the study has revealed that Money supply and the labor force indicator have no statistically significant effect on the performance of the Jordanian manufacturing companies. Basically, and depending on the results of this study, we can conclude that Economic Value Add (EVA) of the Jordanian manufacturing companies, as a proxy of the performance, is a function of Inflation, Interest rate, Government expenditure ratio and Gross domestic product.</p>

ASSESSMENT OF THE TRANSPORT INTENSITY OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Leszek MINDUR ◽  
Maciej MINDUR
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Polynomial Curves ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
National Economies

The excessive increase in transport intensity is one of the negative impacts on the economy. The costs borne due to transport activities are indirectly expressed by the volume of carriages (in tons) and by the scope of transport activity (in ton-kilometers). The result of social and economic activities are global product values and national incomes. This article shows the research on transport activity expressed through transport activity (in ton-kilometers) for all means of transport in total, the results of social and economic activities expressed using the gross domestic product, as well as shaping transport intensity of national economies in selected European countries. The analysis of the course of the exponential function curves, as well as polynomial curves has been carried out, and conclusions have been formulated on their bases.

Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: The Scenario of the MINT Economies

Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Innocent U Duru
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Real Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey from 1986 to 2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds approach to cointegration and Toda and Yamamoto causality test were utilized for this study. The long-run results revealed that there is no relationship between trade liberalization and real gross domestic product per capita except for Mexico and in this situation, the significance level was at 10%. The results of the causality test showed that no causality was detected between real gross domestic product per capita and trade liberalization for Mexico and Indonesia. A bidirectional causality between real gross domestic product per capita and trade liberalization was found for Nigeria whereas a unidirectional causality from trade liberalization to real gross domestic product per capita was revealed for Turkey. The no causality results for Mexico and Indonesia means that the policy objectives of trade liberalization and economic growth can be pursued independently in both economies. In addition, the bidirectional causality detected for Nigeria suggests that the policy objectives of trade liberalization and economic growth can be pursued together in Nigeria. Furthermore, the unidirectional causality from trade liberalization to real gross domestic product per capita found for Turkey implies that she employs trade liberalization policies effectively for objectives of economic growth, thus trade liberalization causes economic growth.

Pengaruh Variabel Makroekonomi dan Variabel Spesifik Bank Terhadap Non Performing Financing Pada Bank Umum Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2013-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Daisy Firmansari ◽  
Noven Suprayogi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quarterly Data

This research attempt to analyze the effect of variable gross domestic product (GDP), inflation and financing to deposit ratio (FDR) to non performing financing (NPF) of Islamic Commercial Bank and Islamic Business Unit in Indonesia. This research using quantitative methods. The study is based on quarterly data for the period 2003-2014. Typed of data used are the secondary data from official website Indonesian Bank and Bureau Statistic Center. The analytical methods used in this study is the method of multiple linear regression with a significance level of 0,05.The result of this research indicate that gross domestic product and inflation partially provide a significant influence to non performing financing. Only financing to deposit ratio have an insignificant influence to non performing financing. However, gross domestic product, inflation and financing to deposit ratio simultaneously provide a signification effect to non performing financing.

P02.345 Literacy rate, gross domestic product and suicide rate in 33 European countries

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (S2) ◽  
pp. 415s-415s
Author(s):  
A. Marušic ◽  
M. Khan ◽  
A. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Literacy Rate

scholarly journals Effect of Price Determinants on World Cocoa Prices for Over the Last Three Decades: Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lya Aklimawati ◽  
Teguh Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Price Determinants

High  volatility  cocoa  price  movement  is  consequenced  by  imbalancing between power demand and power supply in commodity market. World economy expectation and market  liberalization would lead to instability on cocoa prices in  the  international  commerce.  Dynamic  prices  moving  erratically  influence the benefit  of market players, particularly  producers. The aim of this research is  (1)  to  estimate  the  empirical  cocoa  prices  model  for  responding  market dynamics and (2) analyze short-term and long-term effect of price determinants variables  on cocoa prices.  This research  was  carried out by  analyzing  annualdata from 1980 to 2011, based on secondary data. Error correction mechanism (ECM)  approach was  used  to  estimate the  econometric  model  of  cocoa  price.The  estimation  results  indicated  that  cocoa  price  was  significantly  affected  by exchange rate IDR-USD, world gross domestic product,  world inflation, worldcocoa production, world cocoa consumption, world cocoa stock and Robusta prices at varied significance level from 1 - 10%. All of these variables have a long run equilibrium relationship. In long run effect, world gross domestic product, world  cocoa  consumption  and  world  cocoa  stock  were  elastic  (E  >1),  while other  variables  were  inelastic  (E  <1).  Variables  that  affecting  cocoa  pricesin  short  run  equilibrium  were  exchange  rate  IDR-USD,  world  gross  domestic product,  world  inflation,  world  cocoa  consumption  and  world  cocoa  stock. The  analysis  results  showed  that  world  gross  domestic  product,  world  cocoa consumption  and  world  cocoa  stock  were  elastic  (E  >1)  to  cocoa  prices  in short-term.  Whereas,  the  response  of  cocoa  prices  was  inelastic  to  change  of exchange rate IDR-USD and world inflation.Key words: Price determinants, cocoa, Error Correction Model, demand, supply, stock

scholarly journals Foreign Debts Strategy Thesis for Improved Living Standard: The Nigerian Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ayangeadoo Alphonsus Hur-Yagba ◽  
Helen Elena Jekele ◽  
Kasim Umar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Significance Level

This study examined whether foreign debts have been able to improve or otherwise Nigeria’s economy towards improving the living standard of her citizenry with respect to the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), USD exchange rate, inflation rate and foreign direct investment (FDI) for the period 1986 to 2017. The study was carried out in Nigeria with respect to other countries doing business with Nigeria. The study also made use of secondary data for the period under consideration. Data obtained were subjected to the cointegration test, which results show that the F-statistic is greater than the lower and upper bound critical value at a five per cent (5%) significance level. Thus, the null hypothesis of no long-run relationship is rejected at a five per cent (5%) significance level. It can, therefore, be inferred that the variables are cointegrated holding the external debt profile as the independent variable. Furthermore, the Ordinary Least Square Linear Multiple Regression Analyses (OLSLMRA) revealed that foreign debt significantly affected adversely, the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), USD exchange rate and foreign direct investment; except for inflation rate. The study, therefore, concluded that foreign debts, though not the best option for countries striving to survive; still have a significant effect on Nigeria’s economy and indeed her living standard. The study recommends diversification of Nigeria’s economy outside the crude oil to include agriculture, solid minerals, manufacturing, trade and industry to improve on her gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rate, inflation rate and foreign direct investment (FDI) and thus better the living standard of her citizenry.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL INSTABILITY ON THE LIBYAN ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Rwida Kreiw
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The Political ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Government

Regarding the Libyan macroeconomic framework, the petroleum sector returns caused to the government and the need to support civil service job opportunity and preserve the widespread funding system. In 2006, the increasing of the price of the Libyan price oil, around US $63.05, had a significant and positive influence on the Libyan economic situation. The price increased around 65 % compared to the corresponding value in 2004 which was in averaged around US $38.In the same context, the favorable enhancement in the oil sector donated to an observable development in balance of payment surplus, which achieved around 15.4 % of gross domestic product. Also, international reserves improved to be around 19 billion US dollars. Moreover, the Libyan authorities have decreased the bank the percentage of interest rates across the board to enhance the demand in the private sector for credit and established a strategy to update the payment system. All these monetary policies and strategies affect positively on the Libyan macroeconomic and financial situations to be satisfactory in 2004.In 2005, the performance of the macroeconomic stayed comparatively strong. The gross domestic product achieved approximately about 3.5 %. Moreover, the inflation stayed 2.5 %. On the other hand, the economic development is assessed to have been created mainly 4.5 % in the non-oil sectors. In details, the non-oil sectors such as hotels and transportation, construction and services, agriculture and manufacturing sector with respectively values 7%, 5%, 2.5 % and 1.8%. unfortunately, all these sectors showed weak performance recently because of the unstable political situation in the country.Regarding to the banking sectors, according to (Murugiah and Akgam, 2015), Libyan banking sector has realized especially after the issuance of laws. In 2005, this Central Bank of Libya has significant impact on establishing banks and reorganization assets inducing them to look for new investment chances. In our model, the variables Stock Capital, Libyan Oil PriceNumber of population in Libya and dummy variable for the political instability have significant impact on the Libyan gross domestic products at 5% significance level. The heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation tests are checked in the model.Finally, we conclude that increasing (decreasing) the oil and gas prices has a significant influence on the economic development generally in Libya and on the macroeconomic indicators, such as gross domestic product, monetary policy, the unemployment rate, and the inflation rate in the country.

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