Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Acoustic Tags ◽  
Electronic Tags ◽  
Diadromous Species

<em>Abstract</em>.-Tagging fish with electronic tags can provide information on movement, migration, behavior, and stock structure while diadromous species are at sea. The state of the art technology for tracking fishes in the marine environment includes two families of tags. Archival tags store data and either relay them to satellites or require recapture for interrogation. Low return rates for diadromous species make these tags very expensive to use. A second type, acoustic tags, sends signals to passive receivers. Information is collected from the fish only when it is within range of a receiver. Technology is now being developed to mesh these tags into a fully integrated tag that will permit archived data to be transmitted acoustically over multiple frequencies to receivers allowing data retrieval without recapturing the animal. The new technology includes a "business card" tag that is a miniaturized receiver coupled with a coded pulse transmitter. These tags will exchange and record individual-specific codes when two animals carrying them come within acoustic range of each other, which will allow data from many animals to be moved ashore through few animals. These devices would be ideal for quantifying the degree of school fidelity (or, conversely, mixing) or the degree of at sea interaction of fishes from different river systems and provide ecological information to enhance management in an ecosystem approach to fisheries.

Remote monitoring of crocodilians: implantation, attachment and release methods for transmitters and data-loggers

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig E. Franklin ◽  
Mark A. Read ◽  
Peter G. Kraft ◽  
Niko Liebsch ◽  
Steve R. Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Crocodylus Johnstoni ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Crocodylus Porosus ◽  
Electronic Tags ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Australian Freshwater ◽  
Term Management

Crocodilians are by their very nature difficult animals to study. However, research on wild animals is essential for the development of reliable long-term management. Here, we describe methods for the acquisition and monitoring of behavioural and physiological variables from free-ranging crocodilians through the use of archival tags (data-loggers) and via satellite, radio and acoustic telemetry. Specifically, the attachment or implantation of electronic tags is described and examples provided of the type of data that can be collected. Our research group has used a combination of approaches to monitor the movements, diving activity, body temperatures and heart rates of crocodilians, including studies on the Australian freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni), the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and the caiman (Caiman latirostris). Each approach or method presents unique challenges and problems, chiefly as a consequence of differences in body morphology and size of the crocodilian species, their behaviours and the habitats they occupy.

scholarly journals Torn ACL: A New Bioengineered Substitute Brought from the Laboratory to the Knee Joint

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Goulet ◽  
Denis Rancourt ◽  
Réjean Cloutier ◽  
Pierrot Tremblay ◽  
Anne-Marie Belzil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Type I ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur at an annual rate of 120 000 in the USA, and many need reconstructive surgery. We report successful results at 1–13 months following implantation of bioengineered ACL (bACL) in goats. A bACL has been developed using autologous ACL cells, a collagen matrix and bone plugs. The extremities of the bACL were fully integrated into the femur and tibia of the host. Vascularisation of the grafts was extensive 1 month post-surgery and improved with time. At 6 months post-grafting, histological and ultrastructural observations demonstrated a highly organised ligamentous structure, rich in type I collagen fibres and fibroblasts. At the implants' insertion sites, characteristic fibrocartilage was observed having well aligned chondrocytes and collagen fibrils. After a year, mechanical rupture of the grafts demonstrated a major gain in strength. Eventual applications of this new technology in humans include multiple uses in orthopaedic, dental and reconstructive surgeries.

scholarly journals The role of gear technologists in supporting an ecosystem approach to fisheries

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1525-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jennings ◽  
Andrew S. Revill
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Equitable Treatment ◽  
Gear Technology

Abstract Jennings, S., and Revill, A. S. 2007. The role of gear technologists in supporting an ecosystem approach to fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1525–1534. Central to an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is reconciling the short-term need for catches with the long-term need for sustainability of target species and other ecosystem components. We assess the role of gear technology in supporting the objectives and implementation of EAF and identify the circumstances in which investment in the environmental performance of fishing gear provides the greatest benefits. The greatest benefits are usually achieved when gear technologists embed the new technology in the management system and when there are clear incentives to use it. We propose a framework for comparing combinations of management measures that might support EAF, based on knowledge of the environmental impacts of different gears in different areas and management systems. This framework helps us assess when fishing effects “matter” and when gear technologists should contribute to mitigating unwanted effects. Incentives and effective enforcement will be key to introducing gears with lower environmental impact. We expect that future emphasis on marine spatial planning, the use of environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment for fisheries, more equitable treatment of fisheries and other marine sectors, and rising oil prices will lead to greater pressure on gear technologists to support EAF.

scholarly journals Large-scale movements and site fidelity of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) at Reunion Island (Indian ocean)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Soria ◽  
Yann Tremblay ◽  
Antonin Blaison ◽  
Fabien Forget ◽  
Estelle Crochelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Acoustic Tags

Abstract Two bull sharks ( Carcharhinus leucas ) were tagged in coastal waters off Reunion Island in the tropical Indian Ocean and where tracked for 174 and 139 days using both popup satellite archival tags (pSAT) and acoustic tags. Both sharks spent a majority of their time inshore (58.1% and 89.9% in the male and the female respectively). The female performed short excursions. The male alternated residence time along the coast with wide ranging movements and performed one extensive open-ocean excursion near a seamount situated at more than 200 km from the island. The differences in the residency and home range of both sharks probably reflect different patterns of foraging and mating behaviors in the male and the female. These results underline the importance of developing risk-mitigation management taking into account the movements of sharks, and of double tagging in telemetry studies that attempt to measure the degree of fidelity of a species.

scholarly journals Systems analysis – a new paradigm and decision support tools for the water framework directive

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1491-1518
Author(s):  
M. Bruen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Support Methods ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Abstract. In the early days of Systems Analysis the focus was on providing tools for optimisation, modelling and simulation for use by experts. Now there is a recognition of the need to develop and disseminate tools to assist in making decisions, negotiating compromises and communicating preferences that can easily be used by stakeholders without the need for specialist training. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires public participation and thus provides a strong incentive for progress in this direction. This paper places the new paradigm in the context of the classical one and discusses some of the new approaches which can be used in the implementation of the WFD. These include multi-criteria decision support methods suitable for environmental problems, adaptive management, cognitive mapping, social learning and cooperative design and group decision-making. Concordance methods (such as ELECTRE) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are identified as multi-criteria methods that can be readily integrated into Decision Support Systems (DSS) that deal with complex environmental issues with very many criteria, some of which are qualitative. The expanding use of the new paradigm provides an opportunity to observe and learn from the interaction of stakeholders with the new technology and to assess its effectiveness. This is best done by trained sociologists fully integrated into the processes. The WINCOMS research project is an example applied to the implementation of the WFD in Ireland.

scholarly journals Travelling light: white sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias ) rely on body lipid stores to power ocean-basin scale migration

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1766) ◽  
pp. 20130836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Del Raye ◽  
Salvador J. Jorgensen ◽  
Kira Krumhansl ◽  
Juan M. Ezcurra ◽  
Barbara A. Block
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
Electronic Tags

Many species undertake long-distance annual migrations between foraging and reproductive areas. Such migrants depend on the efficient packaging, storage and utilization of energy to succeed. A diverse assemblage of organisms accomplishes this through the use of lipid reserves; yet, it remains unclear whether the migrations of elasmobranchs, which include the largest gill breathers on Earth, depend on such a mechanism. We examine depth records from pop-up satellite archival tags to discern changes in buoyancy as a proxy for energy storage in Eastern Pacific white sharks, and assess whether lipid depletion fuels long-distance (approx. 4000 km) migrations. We develop new algorithms to assess body condition, buoyancy and drift rate during drift dives and validate the techniques using a captive white shark. In the wild, we document a consistent increase in drift rate over the course of all migrations, indicating a decrease in buoyancy caused by the depletion of lipid reserves. These results comprise, to our knowledge, the first assessment of energy storage and budgeting in migrating sharks. The methods provide a basis for further insights into using electronic tags to reveal the energetic strategies of a wide range of elasmobranchs.

Development of Cost-Effective Computer Management Information Systems for Small Shipyards

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Bill Hills ◽  
George Bruce ◽  
Mike Evans ◽  
Alan Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Business Process Analysis ◽  
Technology Introduction

The introduction of new technology into small companies which have limited resources is a complex process often involving a change in culture which needs to be supported by staff development programmes. Collaborative schemes involving university staff and company personnel are an effective way of assisting the process of new technology introduction. This paper describes one such scheme, the Teaching Company Scheme, and how it was used to implement a fully integrated management information system into a small ship repair yard. Details are given of the approach utilized, based on business process analysis, including formal modelling of the key functional activities. This led to a detailed specification of the Information Technology Systems required to support integration across: estimating, accounts, time office and buying. The specification also identified hardware characteristics and requirements. The implementation of the system is described with particular reference being made to the procedures adopted to ensure user opinion was taken into account when designing graphical user interfaces.

Horizontal and vertical migration behavior of silver-phase Japanese eels in coastal, pelagic and spawning areas observed by pop-up satellite archival tags

2021 ◽  
Vol 542-543 ◽  
pp. 151587
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Higuchi ◽  
Shun Watanabe ◽  
Ryotaro Manabe ◽  
Akira Tanimoto ◽  
Michael J. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Spawning Areas

Electronic tags and genetics explore variation in migrating steelhead kelts (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Ninilchik River, Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Nielsen ◽  
Sara M. Turner ◽  
Christian E. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Acoustic Tags

Acoustic and archival tags examined freshwater and marine migrations of postspawn steelhead kelts ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in the Ninilchik River, Alaska, USA. Postspawn steelhead were captured at a weir in 2002–2005. Scale analysis indicated multiple migratory life histories and spawning behaviors. Acoustic tags were implanted in 99 kelts (2002–2003), and an array of acoustic receivers calculated the average speed of outmigration, timing of saltwater entry, and duration of residency in the vicinity of the river mouth. Ocean migration data were recovered from two archival tags implanted in kelts in 2004 (one male and one female). Archival tags documented seasonal differences in maximum depth and behavior with both fish spending 97% of time at sea <6 m depth (day and night). All study fish were double tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags implanted in the body cavity. Less than 4% of PIT tags were retained in postspawn steelhead. Molecular genetics demonstrated no significant differences in genetic population structure across years or among spawning life history types, suggesting a genetically panmictic population with highly diverse life history characteristics in the Ninilchik River.

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