scholarly journals Packet Striping for Multi-Interfaces

2011 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Saima Begum ◽  
P.K. Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Mobile Ipv6 ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Multiple Channels ◽  
Bandwidth Aggregation ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Multiple Interfaces ◽  
Correspondent Node ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual

In future mobile systems, the end-terminals will be considerably more diverse than nowadays, and the users will have a greater choice of access technologies, offering different QoS, cost, security and so on. A mobile terminal equipped with multiple interfaces can achieve a much higher bandwidth by aggregating the bandwidth offered by the individual networks. In this paper, we present a system based on Mobile IPv6 that achieves the above objectives. We will discuss in detail the architectural requirements and algorithms that are needed to support the above system. We also extended our proposed scheme to support even if the correspondent node also has multiple interfaces. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can uniformly distribute data packets among multiple channels and deliver the packets perfectly in order at receiver to achieve bandwidth aggregation.

On the Utility of Crystal Plasticity Modeling to Uncover the Individual Roles of Microdeformation Mechanisms on the Work Hardening Response of Fe-23Mn-0.5C TWIP Steel in the Presence of Hydrogen

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bal ◽  
M. Koyama ◽  
D. Canadinc ◽  
G. Gerstein ◽  
H. J. Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Twip Steel ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Deformation Response ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Twip Steels ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Experimental Findings

This paper presents a combined experimental and theoretical analysis focusing on the individual roles of microdeformation mechanisms that are simultaneously active during the deformation of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels in the presence of hydrogen. Deformation responses of hydrogen-free and hydrogen-charged TWIP steels were examined with the aid of thorough electron microscopy. Specifically, hydrogen charging promoted twinning over slip–twin interactions and reduced ductility. Based on the experimental findings, a mechanism-based microscale fracture model was proposed, and incorporated into a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model to account for the stress–strain response in the presence of hydrogen. In addition, slip-twin and slip–grain boundary interactions in TWIP steels were also incorporated into VPSC, in order to capture the deformation response of the material in the presence of hydrogen. The simulation results not only verify the success of the proposed hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanism for TWIP steels, but also open a venue for the utility of these superior materials in the presence of hydrogen.

Expressions for the effective diffusivity in materials with interphase boundaries

2004 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Belova ◽  
Graeme E. Murch
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Material ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Interphase Boundaries ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractWe address the problem of calculating the long-time-limit effective diffusivity in stable two- phase polycrystalline material. A phenomenological model is used where the high diffusivity interphase boundaries are treated as connected “coatings” of the individual grains. Derivation of expressions for the effective diffusivity with segregation is made along Maxwell lines. Monte Carlo simulation using lattice-based random walks is used to test the validity of the expressions. It is shown that for the case analysed the derived expressions for the effective diffusivity are in very good agreement with simulation results. The equivalent of the Hart equation is also derived. It is shown to be in poor agreement with simulation results.

scholarly journals Study on droplet nucleation position and jumping on structured hydrophobic surface using the lattice Boltzmann method

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Gaojie Liang ◽  
Lijun Liu ◽  
Haiqian Zhao ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Nandi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann Method ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Nucleation Mode ◽  
Droplet Nucleation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Boltzmann Method

In this study, droplet nucleation and jumping on the conical microstructure surface is simulated using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The nucleation and jumping laws of the droplet on the surface are summarized. The numerical results suggest that the height and the gap of the conical microstructure exhibit a significant influence on the nucleation position of the droplet. When the ratio of height to the gap of the microstructure(H/D) is small, the droplet tends to nucleate at the bottom of the structure. Otherwise, the droplet tends to nucleate towards the side of the structure. The droplet grown in the side nucleation mode possesses better hydrophobicity than that of the droplet grown in the bottom nucleation mode and the droplet jumping becomes easier. Apart from the coalescence of the droplets jumping out of the surface, jumping of individual droplets may also occur under certain conditions. The ratio of the clearance to the width of the conical microstructure(D/F) depends on the jumping mode of the droplet. The simulation results indicate that when the D/F ratio is greater than 1.2, the coalescence jump of droplets is likely to occur. On the contrary, the individual jump of droplets is easy to occur.

scholarly journals Multicell Power Supplies for Improved Energy Efficiency in the Information and Communications Technology Infrastructures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chrysostomou ◽  
Nicholas Christofides ◽  
Stelios Ioannou ◽  
Alexis Polycarpou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Results

The rapid growth of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector requires additional infrastructure, such as more micro-datacenters and telecom stations, to support the higher internet speeds and low latency requirements of 5G net-works. The increased power requirements of the new ICT technologies necessitate the proposal of new power supplies in an attempt to retain the increase in energy demand and running costs. This work provides an in-depth theoretical analysis on the losses of the individual stages of commercially available PSU and proposes a new multicell PSU, Buck-PFC converter, which offers a higher overall efficiency at varying load levels. The theoretical results are verified using simulation results, via PSIM Thermal Module, and using experimental data. The results indicate that multi-cell structures can improve the overall PSU ef-ficiency by 1.2% at 50% rated power and more than 2.1% at full power. Finally, taking into consideration the economic implica-tions of this study, it is shown that the proposed multicell structure may increase the PSU costs by 10.78% but the payback pe-riod is in the order of just 3.3 years.

scholarly journals Motoneuron output regulated by ionic channels: a modeling study of motoneuron frequency-current relationships during fictive locomotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1840-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Dai ◽  
Yi Cheng ◽  
Brent Fedirchuk ◽  
Larry M. Jordan ◽  
Junhao Chu
Keyword(s):  
Input Resistance ◽  
Ionic Channels ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Fictive Locomotion ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ionic Basis ◽  
Frequency Current

Cat lumbar motoneurons display changes in membrane properties during fictive locomotion. These changes include reduction of input resistance and afterhyperpolarization, hyperpolarization of voltage threshold, and voltage-dependent excitation of the motoneurons. The state-dependent alteration of membrane properties leads to dramatic changes in frequency-current (F-I) relationship. The mechanism underlying these changes remains unknown. Using a motoneuron model combined with electrophysiological data, we investigated the channel mechanisms underlying the regulation of motoneuronal excitability and motor output. Simulation results showed that upregulation of transient sodium, persistent sodium, or Cav1.3 calcium conductances or downregulation of calcium-activated potassium or KCNQ/Kv7 potassium conductances could increase motoneuronal excitability and motor output through hyperpolarizing (left shifting) the F-I relationships or increasing the F-I slopes, whereas downregulation of input resistance or upregulation of potassium-mediated leak conductance produced the opposite effects. The excitatory phase of locomotor drive potentials (LDPs) also substantially hyperpolarized the F-I relationships and increased the F-I slopes, whereas the inhibitory phase of the LDPs had opposite effects to a similar extent. The simulation results also showed that none of the individual channel modulations could produce all the changes in the F-I relationships. The effects of modulation of Cav1.3 and KCNQ/Kv7 on F-I relationships were supported by slice experiments with the Cav1.3 agonist Bay K8644 and the KCNQ/Kv7 antagonist XE-991. The conclusion is that the varying changes in F-I relationships during fictive locomotion could be regulated by multichannel modulations. This study provides insight into the ionic basis for control of motor output in walking. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mammalian spinal motoneurons have their excitability adapted to facilitate recruitment and firing during locomotion. Cat lumbar motoneurons display dramatic changes in membrane properties during fictive locomotion. These changes lead to a varying alteration of frequency-current relationship. The mechanisms underlying the changes remain unknown. In particular, little is known about the ionic basis for regulation of motoneuronal excitability and thus control of the motor output for walking by the spinal motor system.

scholarly journals Optimizations for Energy Efficiency in Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4779
Author(s):  
Sorin Buzura ◽  
Bogdan Iancu ◽  
Vasile Dadarlat ◽  
Adrian Peculea ◽  
Emil Cebuc
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Control Plane ◽  
Data Broadcast ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Software-defined wireless sensor networking (SDWSN) is an emerging networking architecture which is envisioned to become the main enabler for the internet of things (IoT). In this architecture, the sensors plane is managed by a control plane. With this separation, the network management is facilitated, and performance is improved in dynamic environments. One of the main issues a sensor environment is facing is the limited lifetime of network devices influenced by high levels of energy consumption. The current work proposes a system design which aims to improve the energy efficiency in an SDWSN by combining the concepts of content awareness and adaptive data broadcast. The purpose is to increase the sensors’ lifespan by reducing the number of generated data packets in the resource-constrained sensors plane of the network. The system has a distributed management approach, with content awareness being implemented at the individual programmable sensor level and the adaptive data broadcast being performed in the control plane. Several simulations were run on historical weather and the results show a significant decrease in network traffic. Compared to similar work in this area which focuses on improving energy efficiency with complex algorithms for routing, clustering, or caching, the current proposal employs simple computing procedures on each network device with a high impact on the overall network performance.

Time-Efficient Route Optimization in PMIPv6

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2794-2798
Author(s):  
Dong Xu Jin ◽  
Fei Shi ◽  
Joon Sup Chin ◽  
Joo Seok Song
Keyword(s):  
Mobility Management ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Mobile Ipv6 ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
Mobility Management Protocol

With the development of the wireless internet, there are more and more mobile terminals. Without a mobility management protocol a mobile terminal could not communicate with other terminals when it is away from its home network. Mobile IPv6 is proposed which is host-based mobility management protocol. But it has several drawbacks, such as wireless link resource waste, load or consumption of power in mobile terminal is large. To overcome the weakness of host-based mobility management protocol, network-based mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is standardized by the IETF NETLMM working group, and it is starting to attract considerable attentions. Although several proposals have been made for Route Optimization (RO), they still need too many communications and it may cause communication delay. In this paper we proposed a time-efficient RO in PMIPv6 by optimize the procedure of it. We use the characteristic of anycast to achieve the time efficiency. By the mathematical analysis we prove that the proposed protocol has shorter latency and supports faster mobility of the mobile terminals.

Deadlock Free Load Balanced Adaptive Routing for Network on Chip (NoC) Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 7592-7598
Author(s):  
J Kalaivani ◽  
B Vinayagasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Packet Loss ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Adaptive Routing ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Oblivious Routing ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Load Balanced

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) systems have emerged in on-chip communication architecture in various fields. To achieve excellent results in Network on Chip (NoC) systems application, the routing must eliminate the deadlock issues from the network. To overcome this issue in the network, in this paper, we propose Deadlock Free Load Balanced Adaptive Routing. In this approach, Oblivious Routing (OR) algorithm is implemented on the channel by using the probability function. The network considers the capacity of the node and tries to maximize the throughput based on the connectivity between the data packets flow and minimize the channel load. A Reconfiguration Protocol is used for the data packets to choose other channel in the network if the deadlock occurs. Simulation results show that this approach reduces the delay and packet loss in the network.

Tensile behavior of single crystalline GaN nanotube bundles: An atomistic-level study

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 1450135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Wang ◽  
G. Q. Yin ◽  
Liming Jing ◽  
Jianjian Shi ◽  
Zhijie Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Brittle To Ductile Transition ◽  
Nanotube Bundles ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Weber Potential

The tensile behavior of single crystalline GaN nanotube bundles was studied using classical molecular dynamics. Stillinger–Weber potential was used to describe the atom–atom interactions. The GaN bundles consisted of several individual GaN nanotubes with {100} side planes. The simulation results show that the nanotube bundles show a brittle to ductile transition (BDT) by changing the temperatures. The fracture of GaN nanotube bundles is ruled by a thermal activated process, higher temperature will lead to the decrease of the critical stress. At high temperatures the individual nanotube in the bundles interact with each other, which induces the increase of the critical stress of bundles.

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