Effect of Continuous versus Intermittent  Kangaroo Mother Care on Weight Gain and  Duration of Hospital Stay among Low-Birth-Weight  Admitted at a Level II NICU: A Randomized Control Trial

Background. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) exceeds total bed capacity. Decreasing admissions to the NICU would prevent overcrowding of patients, improve patient care, reduce hospital stay, and reduce predisposition to hospital-acquired infections. Objective. To determine the effect of continuous versus intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on weight gain and duration of hospital stay among low birth weight (LBW) neonates weighing 1,800 - 2,220 grams. Methods. Forty-six (46) stable LBW were randomized to either continuous (≥12 hours in the maternity ward) or intermittent (≤6 hours in the NICU step-down unit) KMC groups. Daily weight and weekly length, head and chest circumference until discharge, and duration of hospital stay were measured. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test. Results. Infants in continuous KMC had an average weight gain of 50 grams/day (p=0.509) and had an average duration of hospital stay of 3 days (p=0.218). Results were not statistically different from intermittent KMC. Conclusion. There was no evidence to show that weight gain and duration of hospital stay among infants in continuous KMC were significantly different from those in the intermittent KMC group.

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Comparative Effect of Massage Therapy versus Kangaroo Mother Care on Body Weight and Length of Hospital Stay in Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2014/434060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Priya Singh Rangey ◽

Megha Sheth

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Massage Therapy ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Comparison Of Effectiveness

Background. Massage therapy (MT) and kangaroo mother care (KMC) are both effective in increasing the weight and reducing length of hospital stay in low birth weight preterm infants but they have not been compared.Aim. Comparison of effectiveness of MT and KMC on body weight and length of hospital stay in low birth weight preterm (LBWPT) infants.Method. 30 LBWPT infants using convenience sampling from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, V.S. hospital, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Group 1 received MT and Group 2 received KMC for 15 minutes, thrice daily for 5 days. Medically stable babies with gestational age < 37 weeks and birth weight < 2500 g were included. Those on ventilators and with congenital, orthopedic, or genetic abnormality were excluded. Outcome measures, body weight and length of hospital stay, were taken before intervention day 1 and after intervention day 5. Level of significance was 5%.Result. Data was analyzed using SPSS16. Both MT and KMC were found to be effective in improving body weight (P= 0.001,P= 0.001). Both were found to be equally effective for improving body weight (P= 0.328) and reducing length of hospital stay (P= 0.868).Conclusion. MT and KMC were found to be equally effective in improving body weight and reducing length of hospital stay.Limitation. Long term follow-up was not taken.

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Effects of Intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care on Low-Birth-Weight Neonates: A Retrospective Before-and-After Study

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v55i9.3769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Jannie Lyne C. Notarte-Palisbo ◽

Cindy D. Canceko-Llego

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Equal Distribution ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Objective. To compare outcomes of low-birth-weight neonates delivered before and after implementation of intermittent kangaroo mother care (KMC) in terms of duration of hospital stay, mortality rate, and clinical outcome. Methods. This is a retrospective analytical study that included all neonates delivered in a tertiary government hospital with birth weight of less than 2000 grams before and after intermittent KMC implementation from January 2015 to December 2016. Chart review was done for demographics, mortality profile, and length of hospital stay. Chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used to compare mortality rate and length of hospital stay, and odds ratio was used for mortality outcome. Results. A total of 677 low birth weight newborns were reviewed and of these, 276 (79.8%) neonates in group 1 (Pre-intermittent KMC implementation), and 263 (79.4%) neonates in group 2 (Post-intermittent KMC implementation) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The duration of hospital stay of neonates enrolled in KMC was significantly shorter (p ≤ 0.05). In Groups 1 and 2, 93–94% of neonates were discharged improved with a 5–6% mortality of almost equal distribution. There was no significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.59, 2.42). Conclusion. There was no significant difference in mortality rate and cause of death pre- and post-intermittent KMC implementation. However, the length of hospital stay among the LBW neonates discharged improved was significantly shortened.

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care versus Conventional Care in Increasing the Rate of Weight Gain among Low-Birth-Weight Neonates

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v55i9.3757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Fay S. De Ocampo ◽

Ma. Esterlita Villanueva-Uy

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Conventional Care ◽

Chest Circumference ◽

Care Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Skin Contact

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in increasing the rate of weight gain and decreasing hypothermia, apnea, and sepsis rate, and shorten hospital stay among low-birth-weight infants. Methods. Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (≤1500 grams) were randomized to either the KMC or conventional care group. KMC provided skin-to-skin contact at least 6 hours per day while the conventional group received the usual care in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Daily weight measurements and weekly measurements of length, head, and chest circumference were recorded until discharge. Occurrence of hypothermia, apnea, sepsis, and length of stay was noted. Results. KMC group had a higher mean weight gain per day (p=0.0102). There was no difference in the length, head, and chest circumference between the two groups. Sepsis and apnea rates were not significant between the two groups. Significantly more neonates experience hypothermia in the control group (p<0.0069). Conclusion. KMC is effective in increasing the weight per day compared with the control group. KMC protects the neonates against hypothermia. There is not enough evidence to show a difference in the incidence of sepsis, apnea, and the length of hospital stay between the two groups.

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A prospective clinical study to evaluate the correlation of duration of kangaroo mother care and weight gain in low birth weight babies

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1943

Author(s):

Vijayalaxmi Gagandeep ◽

Chaithra R. ◽

Febina K.

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

P Value ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Average Weight ◽

Breast Feed ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Average Weight Gain

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an alternative to conventional neonatal care for low birth weight (LBW) babies in low resource settings, this study is to evaluate the correlation between the duration of KMC given and average weight gain per day in low birth weight babiesMethod: It is an observational study, 106 low birth weight babies who were less than 1.8 kg, hemodynamically stable, accepting either direct breast feed or gavage feed were included in the study, duration of KMC given per day and weight was recorded daily until discharge. Babies were monitored for complications, if any babies were withdrawn from the study , necessary intervention was done. Average weight gain per day in these babies was estimated and correlated with the average duration of KMC.Results: Out of 120 eligible children 106 were selected for study of which 57 were male and 49 were female, 42 were less than 1.2 kg, 37 were between 1.21 kg to 1.5 kg and 27 were between 1.51 kg to 1.8 kg, there was statistically significant moderate correlation with Pearson r=0.6281 with p value <0.00001 and mean average weight gain was 5.27 in less than 6 hr to 8 hr, 9.08 in 8 hr to 10 hr, 11.87 in greater than 10 hrs of KMCConclusion: The weight gain was found to increase with duration of KMC practice. hence authors recommend to increase the duration of KMC per day for the good average weight gain per day.

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Emphasise the role of kangaroo mother care in stabilisation of vitals and weight gain pattern in low birth weight babies inside neonatal intensive care unit

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20211084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 721

Author(s):

Shwetal M. Bhatt ◽

Khushboo N. Mehta ◽

Ankita Maheshwari ◽

Priyanka C. Parmar

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

P Value

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is routinely practiced in post-natal wards for care of stable low birth weight (LBW) infants. Objectives of the study were conducted to emphasize on the role of KMC in vitals stabilization and weight gain in LBW babies inside neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: Cross-sectional analytical quantitative study.Results: A total of 80 babies (48 males and 32 females) were enrolled and given KMC inside NICU. Mean birth weight was 1330 grams. Mean gestational age was 33 weeks (range 30-38 weeks). KMC was initiated within 72 hours of life in majority of babies (71%). Though 65% of them required oxygen support via prongs, KMC was started in them, with monitoring of vitals. No episode of apnea was observed during KMC sessions. Mean duration of KMC was 6 days (3-14 days). Heart rate dropped by 3-4 beats per minute (150+2.12 to 146+1.63, Respiratory rate decreased from 53+3.9 to 49+2.7, Oxygen saturation improved by 2-3% (93+0.42 to 96+0.71). Temperature rose from 36.78+0.01 to 37.07+0.02. P value for all vitals was 0.0001, which is considered significant (<0.05). Average weight gain was 76 grams during the average 6 days of KMC inside NICU, (p value=0.0001). Conclusions: KMC was found to be effective for stabilization of vitals in NICU, early initiation and upgradation of feeding, early achievement of weight gain pattern, and early shift to postnatal ward by mother’s side. Also, no adverse effects were noted on the babies.

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Probiotic Supplementation and Its Effect on Weight and Feed tolerance in Preterm Low Birth Weight Newborns: A Clinical Trial

Bangladesh Journal of Child Health ◽

10.3329/bjch.v39i2.31538 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 82-87

Author(s):

Sadeka Choudhury Moni ◽

MA Mannan ◽

Sanjoy Kumer Dey ◽

Arjun Chandra Dey ◽

Debashish Saha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Probiotic Supplementation ◽

Expressed Breast Milk

Background: Establishment of full enteral feed is a major challenge in the care of preterm low birth weight (LBW) neonates. Probiotics are live microbial supplements that colonize preterm bowel with favourable flora, improve tolerance to feed and promotes growth of these premies.Objective: To determine the effect of probiotic supplementation on feed tolerance, postnatal weight gain, duration of hospital stay in preterm low birth weight babies.Methods : This prospective clinical trial was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, (BSMMU) from February, 2012 to November, 2012. A total of 65 preterm, low birth weight ( LBW) newborns were included in this study. A multistrain probiotic suspension was given once daily to the infants in probiotic group along with expressed breast milk (EBM) through the nasogastric tube/ dropper from the first day of feed which was continued till attainment of full feed. Those in controls received only expressed breast milk. Weight, feed volume increment, features of intolerance were followed up daily. Relevant investigations were done whenever indicated.Results: The mean time to reach full enteral feed in probiotic and control group was 13.71±3.4 vs 16.53±6.13; p<0.05. But weight gain was not affected by supplementation. Hospital stay was shorter in supplemented group.Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation in preterm low birth weight babies improves feed tolerance and decreases hospital stay but does not affect weight gain.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :82-87

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Difference in mean weight gain and hospital stay in preterm babies receiving complete or partial kangaroo mother care compared to no kangaroo mother care: Experience from a tertiary care hospital

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University ◽

10.37018/qymd3680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 152-155

Author(s):

Muhammad Asif Siddiqui ◽

Tayyaba Khawar Butt ◽

Muhammad Azhar Farooq ◽

Muhammad Tauseef Omer ◽

Farhan Zahoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

P Value ◽

Average Weight ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽

Preterm Babies ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: Pakistan is a resource limited country with one of the highest neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in the world. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) helps in reducing the mortality and improving the care of preterm babies. The objective of this study was to identify the benefits of KMC in hospitalized newborns in terms of better weight gain and early discharge from hospital. Subjects and methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in the Neonatal Department of Services Hospital from 01.02.2019 to 31.01.2020. A total of 144 case notes, who met inclusion criteria were included. Subjects were divided in 2 Groups of 77 each. Group 1 did not receive KMC and Group 2 received KMC (partial or complete). Admission weight, gestational age at birth, duration of hospital stay and the average weight gain was noted for subjects in both groups. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Independent samples t-test was applied. A p-value of ˂0.05 is taken as significant. Results: Mean weight gain in Group 1 was 5.521 g/kg/day (±6.664), whereas in Group 2 was 15.635 g/kg/day (±9.268). Mean hospital stay in Group 1 was 12.558 days (±10.856) and in Group 2 it was 8.208 days (±6.473). Weight gain and duration of hospital stay was significantly better in KMC Group with a p-value ˂0.05. This benefit was observed both for partial and complete KMC. Conclusion: KMC (partial or complete) leads to better weight gain and reduces the duration of hospital stay.

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Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care plus Touch Therapy versus Kangaroo Mother Care Alone on the Low-Birth-Weight Infant’s Growth and Physiologic Responses: Randomized Controlled Trial

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v55i9.3778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Rocamia F. Rasalan-Fermin ◽

Lourdes Imperial ◽

Fay S. De Ocampo

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Touch Therapy ◽

Physiologic Parameters ◽

Therapy Sessions ◽

Physiologic Responses

Background. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has facilitated infant growth and decreased morbidities and hospital stay. Adding touch therapy (TT) may potentiate the KMC benefits. Objective. To compare the effectiveness of KMC+TT versus KMC alone in improving anthropometric and physiologic parameters and decreasing morbidities and hospital stay in low birth weight (LBW) infants. Methods. Stable LBW infants (<2000 g) admitted in the KMC ward were randomized to either intervention (KMC+TT) or control (KMC only) group. The KMC+TT group underwent thrice daily touch therapy sessions until discharge. Results. A total of 50 infants were included in the study. Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. There was a significant increase in weight gain (grams/kg/day) in the KMC+TT group compared to KMC only. Physiologic parameters like heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature were significantly better in the KMC+TT group. More infants in the KMC only group were transferred to NICU care, while more KMC+TT infants went home against advice. Hospital stay was similar between the two groups. Conclusion. Touch therapy added to KMC is more effective than KMC alone in improving weight gain and physiologic parameters. It is associated with lower morbidities, although it did not affect the hospital stay.

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Randomized Control Trial of Kangaroo Mother Care in Low Birth Weight Babies at a Tertiary Level Hospital

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8960 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 18-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N Acharya ◽

RR Singh ◽

NK Bhatta ◽

P Poudel

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Randomized Control Trial ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Level Hospital

Introduction: This study was conducted to compare the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and conventional methods of care on weight gain, occurrence of hypothermia and apnea and duration of hospital stay among Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. Materials and Methods: It was a randomized control trial conducted at a tertiary level hospital for a period of one year from June 2009 to May 2010. Total 126 stable LBW babies weighing less than 2000 gm and fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. Neonates enrolled for the study were allocated to either KMC or control group using random number table. KMC group was subjected to Kangaroo mother care of at least six hours per day in not more than four sittings. In control group, babies were adequately clothed, covered and kept with their mother and if required were kept under radiant warmer. Recording of temperature in KMC group was done before, during and after KMC. In control group temperature was taken every 4 hours. Weighing of baby was done twice daily on electronic weighing scale. Results: Median daily weight gain (IQR) was 10 (6- 20) gm in KMC group as compared to 7 (0-10) gm in control group (p<0.001). Mean weight gain was 12.11±9.04 gm in KMC group as compared to 3.29±15.81 gm in control group (p<0.001). Incidence of hypothermia was more in control group (12.6%) as compared to KMC group (3.1%) (p=0.048). Duration of hospital stay was less in control group as compared to KMC group (p=0.015). Conclusion: LBW babies less than 2000 gm who receive KMC show better weight gain and have less incidence of hypothermia than those who do not receive KMC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8960 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):18-23

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Does kangaroo mother care have an impact on morbidity, mortality and duration of hospital stay of newly born low birth weight babies?

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Purnima Margekar ◽

Premlata Parekh ◽

Shubha Laxmi Margekar

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Early Weight Gain ◽

The Impact

Background: Preterm and low birth weight infants are more likely to experience neonatal morbidity including acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, immunologic, hearing and vision problems than both term and normal weight infants who survive the neonatal period. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on morbidity and mortality of new-borns and duration of hospital stay.Methods: A prospective case control study over a 12 month period was conducted from August 2013 to August 2014 on 50 new-borns weighing less than 1.8 kg. The primary outcome variable was “weight gain”. Secondary measures included morbidity, mortality and duration of hospitalization. Observations were recorded in a proforma specially designed for the study. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: The hospital stay was less amongst neonates who received KMC. Twenty four (48%) out of 50 were discharged within 10 days, another 24 within 11 to 20 days. Neonates who did not received KMC, majority i.e. 27 of the neonates were in the ICU for 11-20 days. There were 3 neonates who stayed beyond 1 month.Conclusions: The study showed that KMC is useful method of caring VLBW baby in respect of early weight gain and decrease morbidity, mortality and hospital stay in our set up. However, there are still insufficient evidences to recommend its routine use in VLBW babies in our country. Well-designed large randomized controlled trail of this intervention are needed.

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