Effects of Intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care  on Low-Birth-Weight Neonates:  A Retrospective Before-and-After Study

Objective. To compare outcomes of low-birth-weight neonates delivered before and after implementation of intermittent kangaroo mother care (KMC) in terms of duration of hospital stay, mortality rate, and clinical outcome. Methods. This is a retrospective analytical study that included all neonates delivered in a tertiary government hospital with birth weight of less than 2000 grams before and after intermittent KMC implementation from January 2015 to December 2016. Chart review was done for demographics, mortality profile, and length of hospital stay. Chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used to compare mortality rate and length of hospital stay, and odds ratio was used for mortality outcome. Results. A total of 677 low birth weight newborns were reviewed and of these, 276 (79.8%) neonates in group 1 (Pre-intermittent KMC implementation), and 263 (79.4%) neonates in group 2 (Post-intermittent KMC implementation) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The duration of hospital stay of neonates enrolled in KMC was significantly shorter (p ≤ 0.05). In Groups 1 and 2, 93–94% of neonates were discharged improved with a 5–6% mortality of almost equal distribution. There was no significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.59, 2.42). Conclusion. There was no significant difference in mortality rate and cause of death pre- and post-intermittent KMC implementation. However, the length of hospital stay among the LBW neonates discharged improved was significantly shortened.

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Comparative Effect of Massage Therapy versus Kangaroo Mother Care on Body Weight and Length of Hospital Stay in Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2014/434060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Priya Singh Rangey ◽

Megha Sheth

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Massage Therapy ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Comparison Of Effectiveness

Background. Massage therapy (MT) and kangaroo mother care (KMC) are both effective in increasing the weight and reducing length of hospital stay in low birth weight preterm infants but they have not been compared.Aim. Comparison of effectiveness of MT and KMC on body weight and length of hospital stay in low birth weight preterm (LBWPT) infants.Method. 30 LBWPT infants using convenience sampling from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, V.S. hospital, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Group 1 received MT and Group 2 received KMC for 15 minutes, thrice daily for 5 days. Medically stable babies with gestational age < 37 weeks and birth weight < 2500 g were included. Those on ventilators and with congenital, orthopedic, or genetic abnormality were excluded. Outcome measures, body weight and length of hospital stay, were taken before intervention day 1 and after intervention day 5. Level of significance was 5%.Result. Data was analyzed using SPSS16. Both MT and KMC were found to be effective in improving body weight (P= 0.001,P= 0.001). Both were found to be equally effective for improving body weight (P= 0.328) and reducing length of hospital stay (P= 0.868).Conclusion. MT and KMC were found to be equally effective in improving body weight and reducing length of hospital stay.Limitation. Long term follow-up was not taken.

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Randomized Controlled Trial on Effect of Intermittent Early Versus Late Kangaroo Mother Care on Human Milk Feeding in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334416685072 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 533-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dhaarani Jayaraman ◽

Kanya Mukhopadhyay ◽

Anil Kumar Bhalla ◽

Lakhbir Kaur Dhaliwal

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Human Milk ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Milk Feeding

Background: Breastfeeding at discharge among sick low-birth-weight (LBW) infants is low despite counseling and intervention like kangaroo mother care (KMC). Research aim: The aim was to study the effects of early initiation of KMC on exclusive human milk feeding, growth, mortality, and morbidities in LBW neonates compared with late initiation of KMC during the hospital stay and postdischarge. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in level 2 and 3 areas of a tertiary care neonatal unit over 15 months. Inborn neonates weighing 1 to 1.8 kg and hemodynamically stable were randomized to receive either early KMC, initiated within the first 4 days of life, or late KMC (off respiratory support and intravenous fluids). Follow-up was until 1 month postdischarge. Outcomes were proportion of infants achieving exclusive human milk feeding and direct breastfeeding, growth, mortality and morbidities during hospital stay, and postdischarge feeding and KMC practices until 1 month. Results: The early KMC group ( n = 80) achieved significantly higher exclusive human milk feeding (86% vs. 45%, p < .001) and direct breastfeeding (49% vs. 30%, p = .021) in hospital and almost exclusive human milk feeding (73% vs. 36%, p < .001) until 1 month postdischarge than the late KMC group ( n = 80). The incidence of apnea (11.9% vs. 20%, p = .027) and recurrent apnea requiring ventilation (8.8% vs. 15%, p = .02) were significantly reduced in the early KMC group. There was no significant difference in mortality, morbidities, and growth during the hospital stay and postdischarge. Conclusion: Early KMC significantly increased exclusive human milk feeding and direct breastfeeding in LBW infants.

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Effect of Continuous versus Intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care on Weight Gain and Duration of Hospital Stay among Low-Birth-Weight Admitted at a Level II NICU: A Randomized Control Trial

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v55i9.4111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Janelle Margaux M. Logronio ◽

Maria Esterlita T. Villanueva-Uy ◽

Socorro De Leon-Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Improve Patient Care ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Average Weight ◽

Exact Test ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay

Background. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) exceeds total bed capacity. Decreasing admissions to the NICU would prevent overcrowding of patients, improve patient care, reduce hospital stay, and reduce predisposition to hospital-acquired infections. Objective. To determine the effect of continuous versus intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on weight gain and duration of hospital stay among low birth weight (LBW) neonates weighing 1,800 - 2,220 grams. Methods. Forty-six (46) stable LBW were randomized to either continuous (≥12 hours in the maternity ward) or intermittent (≤6 hours in the NICU step-down unit) KMC groups. Daily weight and weekly length, head and chest circumference until discharge, and duration of hospital stay were measured. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test. Results. Infants in continuous KMC had an average weight gain of 50 grams/day (p=0.509) and had an average duration of hospital stay of 3 days (p=0.218). Results were not statistically different from intermittent KMC. Conclusion. There was no evidence to show that weight gain and duration of hospital stay among infants in continuous KMC were significantly different from those in the intermittent KMC group.

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Effect of kangaroo mother care on the growth and morbidity pattern of low birth weight infants: a hospital based cross sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 728

Author(s):

Shanthi Ramesh ◽

S. Sundari

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Conventional Care ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies

Background: Kangaroo mother care provides Low birth weight babies with warmth, protection from infection and increases the success of breast feeding. Babies who had received KMC care were found to have better neurologic outcome. The aim of the study is to compare the outcome of Kangaroo mother care and conventional method of care among Low birth weight babies in terms of growth and reduction of morbidities such as length of hospital stay, hypothermia and hypoglycemia.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 48 neonates with a birth weight of <2000 grams. Out of them 24 babies received KMC and the other 24 babies were given conventional care with a radiant warmer. The weight gain, length of hospital stay, occurrence of hypothermia and hypoglycaemia were monitored for all babies till discharge.Results: Babies who received KMC had a better weight gain (21.11±2.8 grams/day) versus (15.61±2.6 grams/day) those who received conventional care, and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Kangaroo mother care provided a statistically significant reduction in the risk of having hypothermia (p=0.03) and hypoglycemia (p=0.04). The babies who received Kangaroo mother care had a shorter length of hospital stay and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.03).Conclusions: Kangaroo mother care improved the growth and reduced the problems of low birth weight babies such as hypothermia, hypoglycaemia and prolonged hospital stay. Hence, it should be recommended in the care of all these high-risk neonates.

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Outcome of kangaroo mother care in terms of hospital stay among preterm infants in a tertiary health care center Bhuj, Kutch: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Jaivik Sureshbhai Patel ◽

Gopi Alabhai Solanki

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Average Length ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Time Frame ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Neonates born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy are called premature infants. The birth of premature infants is associated with several problems, such as frequent hospital admissions, infections, apnea and others. Evidence suggests that kangaroo mother care is effective and safe alternative to conventional neonatal care, especially in under-resourced settings and may reduce morbidity and mortality in low birth weight infants as well as increase breastfeeding.Methods: Present observational study conducted in the department of pediatrics, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat for the Duration of 1 year. Source of data are all live new born of gestational age of less than 37 weeks and birth weight below 2500 gm delivered at GAIMS, Bhuj. Primary outcome measures were: rate of infection time frame 1-2 weeks (during hospital stay), frequency of presume sepsis and need for antibiotics, length of stay (time frame 1-2 weeks) and total days in hospital during recruitment period.Results: An average length of hospital stay was 15.31±12.01 days among neonates in our study group. Among those with infection duration of stay was 21.03±15.627 days and among those without infection were 12.09±10.402 days. There was significant difference in length of hospital stay among those with infection and without infection.Conclusions: Kangaroo mother care improves physiological indices in normal levels, thus it might positively influence the premature infant’s physical health. The present study has important implications in the care of preterm and LBW infants in the developing countries, where expensive facilities for conventional care may not be available at all places.

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Pengaruh Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) terhadap Pencegahan Hipotermi pada Bayi Baru Lahir

Jurnal Bidan Cerdas (JBC) ◽

10.33860/jbc.v2i2.56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 66-71

Author(s):

Parti ◽

Sumiati Malik ◽

Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Health Workers ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Before And After

Most causes of infant death are problems that occur in newborn/neonatal (0-28 days old), Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) is one of the factors which has a contribution to infant mortality, especially in the neonatal period. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a benchmark in determining the degree of public health, both at the National and Provincial levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Kangaroo Mother Care Method (KMC) on the prevention of hypothermia in low birth weight infants at Morowali District Hospital in 2019. The type of research used was a quasi-experiment. The population is all low birth weight babies born from May to July 2019. The sample in this study was all newborns with low birth weight born from May to July 2019, totaling 30 babies. There is a difference (influence) on the baby's body temperature before and after KMC with a p-value=0,000. The kangaroo mother care can continue to be affiliated considering its benefits for both infants and mothers, as well as increasing the ability of health workers in conducting KMC so that they can provide in-house training for mothers to be carried out at home.

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Sex-Specific Long-Term Trends in Length of Hospital Stay, Postmenstrual Age at Discharge, and Survival in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000515899 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Matthias Fröhlich ◽

Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté ◽

Christoph Bührer ◽

Stephanie Roll

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vlbw Infants ◽

Postmenstrual Age ◽

Over Time

Introduction: In very low birth weight (<1,500 g, VLBW) infants, morbidity and mortality have decreased substantially during the past decades, and both are known to be lower in girls than in boys. In this study, we assessed sex-specific changes over time in length of hospital stay (LOHS) and postmenstrual age at discharge (PAD), in addition to survival in VLBW infants. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis based on quality assurance data of VLBW infants born from 1978 to 2018. Estimation of sex-specific LOHS over time was based on infants discharged home from neonatal care or deceased. Estimation of sex-specific PAD over time was based on infants discharged home exclusively. Analysis of in-hospital survival was performed for all VLBW infants. Results: In 4,336 of 4,499 VLBW infants admitted from 1978 to 2018 with complete data (96.4%), survival rates improved between 1978–1982 and 1993–1997 (70.8 vs. 88.3%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.30) and remained stable thereafter. Boys had consistently higher mortality rates than girls (15 vs. 12%, HR 1.23 [1.05, 1.45]). Nonsurviving boys died later compared to nonsurviving girls (adjusted mean survival time 23.0 [18.0, 27.9] vs. 20.7 [15.0, 26.3] days). LOHS and PAD assessed in 3,166 survivors displayed a continuous decrease over time (1978–1982 vs. 2013–2018: LOHS days 82.9 [79.3, 86.5] vs. 60.3 [58.4, 62.1] days); PAD 40.4 (39.9, 40.9) vs. 37.4 [37.1, 37.6] weeks). Girls had shorter LOHS than boys (69.4 [68.0, 70.8] vs. 73.0 [71.6, 74.4] days) and were discharged with lower PAD (38.6 [38.4, 38.8] vs. 39.2 [39.0, 39.4] weeks). Discussion/Conclusions: LOHS and PAD decreased over the last 40 years, while survival rates improved. Male sex was associated with longer LOHS, higher PAD, and higher mortality rates.

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Penurunan Kecemasan Ibu dan Perbaikan Status Bangun-Tidur BBLR melalui Perawatan Metode Kanguru

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v14i3.309 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 193-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qori’Ila Saidah ◽

Yeni Rustina ◽

Nani Nurhaeni

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Maternal Anxiety ◽

Friedman Test ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Kangaroo Care ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wake State

AbstrakKondisi klinis dan perawatan di ruang rawat intensif pada Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) mempengaruhi status banguntidurnyadan menyebabkan kecemasan pada ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh perawatan metode kanguruterhadap kecemasan ibu dan status bangun-tidur BBLR. Rancangan penelitian one group pretest posttest design dengan sampel16 ibu dan BBLR di sebuah rumah sakit Surabaya secara consecutive sampling. Kecemasan ibu diukur dengan PSS: NICU danstatus bangun tidur dengan modifikasi skala Brazelton oleh Priya. Hasil analisis uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon Sign RankTest dan uji Friedman menunjukkan ada perbedaan bermakna (p= 0,000; α= 0,05). PMK mempunyai pengaruh signifikanterhadap perubahan kecemasan ibu dan status bangun-tidur BBLR. Tenaga kesehatan disarankan mengembangkan PMK untukpeningkatan status kesehatan ibu, juga tumbuh kembang bayi yang optimal.Kata kunci: kecemasan ibu, perawatan metode kangguru, status bangun-tidur BBLR.AbstractClinical condition and treatment at Low Birth Weight Infants (LBW) in the intensive care unit affects sleep-wake status andcauses anxiety for the mother. The aims of this study is to identify the influence of methods of kangaroo care on maternalanxiety and sleep-wake status of LBW. The design of this study was one group pretest posttest design with sample of 16 mothersand low birth weight in a hospital in Surabaya by consecutive sampling. Maternal anxiety was measured with the PSS: NICUand sleep-wake status with Brazelton scale modified by Priya. The result of statistical analysis test using Wilcoxon Sign RankTest and Friedman test showed there are significant difference (p= 0.000; α= 0.05). KMC has a significant influence onchanges in maternal anxiety and sleep-wake status of LBW. Health care provider are recommended to develop KMC forimprovement of maternal health status, as well as the optimal infant growth and development.Keywords: maternal anxiety, kangaroo mother care, sleep-wake state in low birth weight baby

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care versus Conventional Care in Increasing the Rate of Weight Gain among Low-Birth-Weight Neonates

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v55i9.3757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Fay S. De Ocampo ◽

Ma. Esterlita Villanueva-Uy

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Conventional Care ◽

Chest Circumference ◽

Care Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Skin Contact

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in increasing the rate of weight gain and decreasing hypothermia, apnea, and sepsis rate, and shorten hospital stay among low-birth-weight infants. Methods. Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (≤1500 grams) were randomized to either the KMC or conventional care group. KMC provided skin-to-skin contact at least 6 hours per day while the conventional group received the usual care in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Daily weight measurements and weekly measurements of length, head, and chest circumference were recorded until discharge. Occurrence of hypothermia, apnea, sepsis, and length of stay was noted. Results. KMC group had a higher mean weight gain per day (p=0.0102). There was no difference in the length, head, and chest circumference between the two groups. Sepsis and apnea rates were not significant between the two groups. Significantly more neonates experience hypothermia in the control group (p<0.0069). Conclusion. KMC is effective in increasing the weight per day compared with the control group. KMC protects the neonates against hypothermia. There is not enough evidence to show a difference in the incidence of sepsis, apnea, and the length of hospital stay between the two groups.

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