DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION (DDR) PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN AFRICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
John Kalama ◽  
◽  
Johnson Sinikiem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
International Standards ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Basic Human Needs

The implementation of post conflict disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is usually characterised by several problems and challenges at various stages hence, this paper examined DDR problems and challenges in Africa. The paper argues that DDR programmes can only be effective if it is conducted in line with approved international standards as enshrined in the Integrated, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS) manual. The study adopted the basic human needs theory as its theoretical framework and derived its data from secondary sources. The data collected were analysed qualitatively since the study was a descriptive study. The study revealed that DDR programme is a post-conflict nonviolent conflict resolution framework which been applied in several African countries including Nigeria, Angola, Liberia etc. Findings from the study also shows that the implementation of DDR programme in Africa is faced with series of challenges yet it has helped in transforming and resettling several ex-combatants and warlords back to normal civil society. Thus, for any DDR programme to be effective, attention must be paid to monitoring, supervision and the general welfare needs of ex-combatants and trainees in order to build trust and confidence from all the parties and stakeholders.

scholarly journals ENHANCING AFRICA’S INTERNAL SECURITY THROUGH NONVIOLENT MEASURES: AN ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA’S AMNESTY PROGRAMME

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
John Kalama ◽  
◽  
Johnson Sinikiem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Military Force ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Democratic Principles

This paper stressed the need to enhance peace and internal security in Africa through non-violent measures and approaches with particular reference to Nigeria’s amnesty programme. The study adopted the basic human needs theory as its theoretical framework and derived its data from secondary sources. Data collected were analysed using the qualitative method. The study revealed that conflict resolution through nonviolent measures such as disarmament, demobilization and re-integration (DDR) programmes have helped to enhance sustainable peace and internal security in most African countries including Nigeria, Burundi, Rwanda etc. Further findings also show that the use of military force as a means of conflict resolution by some African states have helped to escalate and prolong conflicts in different parts of Africa. The need for good governance, rule of law and strict adherence to democratic principles by African leaders and states is also fundamental in the process of building peace, internal security and political stability in Africa.

scholarly journals Nursing diagnoses from ICNP® for people with metabolic syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Damácio de Carvalho Félix ◽  
Natana de Morais Ramos ◽  
Maria Naiane Rolim Nascimento ◽  
Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira ◽  
Célida Juliana de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses

ABSTRACT Objective: To construct nursing diagnosis statements based on the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) for people with metabolic syndrome, settled on the theoretical framework of Basic Human Needs. Method: Descriptive study developed in four stages: 1) Identification and validation of terms relevant to care with health priority; 2) Cross-mapping of the terms identified with ICNP® terms; 3) Construction of the nursing diagnosis statements; and 4) Cross-mapping of constructed statements with the ones in ICNP®. Results: Regarding terms extracted, 370 were validated based on the consensus (100%) among specialists, subsidizing the elaboration of 52 nursing diagnosis statements from ICNP® version 2015, distributed among the Basic Human Needs proposed by theoretical framework. Conclusion: It was possible to construct nursing diagnoses for people with metabolic syndrome based on the terms extracted from the literature, with a predominance of the need for “Health education and learning”.

Civil Society and Peace Negotiations: Confronting Exclusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Kew ◽  
Anthony Wanis-St. John
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Civil Society Participation

AbstractThe fact that civil society groups play important roles in post-conflict peacebuilding has entered the mainstream of international conflict resolution dogma. Rarely do local civil society groups get a seat at the negotiation table for peace accords. Although the exclusion of civil society from peace negotiations may streamline the process, the absence of civil society voices and interests at the negotiating table can negatively impact the sustainability of a peace agreement during peacebuilding. Surveying a wide variety of different peace processes, a strong correlation was found between active civil society participation in peace negotiations and the durability of peace during the peacebuilding phase. Cases in which civil society groups actively engaged in peace negotiations seemed to enjoy more sustained peace in the peacebuilding phase. This holds true also for cases in which civil society groups did not have a direct seat at the table, but did exercise significant influence with the negotiators because they were democratic actors. War resumed in many cases not characterized by direct or indirect civil society involvement in the peace negotiations. No claim of causality is made; the sustainability of peace surely rests on causes as complex and dynamic as the initiation of war does. However, these findings do call attention to the need for further research to understand the special impact that civil society inclusion at the peace table may have.

scholarly journals NURSING PROCESS FOR PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ACCIDENTAL TETANUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio Baliza Santos ◽  
Deíze Carvalho Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Bruno Santos Ferreira ◽  
Elaine de Oliveira Souza Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Basic Human Needs

Introduction: Accidental tetanus is an infectious disease with systemic repercussions and high lethality. Due to the complexity surrounding the care for these patients, nursing care must be conducted in a systematic, scientific and individualized way. Objective: To report the experience of systematization of nursing care to a patient affected by accidental tetanus in the light of the Basic Human Needs theory. Outline: This is a descriptive study, an experience report, developed in March 2019 after nursing care for a patient diagnosed with accidental tetanus, admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital. Results: The elaboration of the care plan included information about the risk diagnosis and real diagnosis, nursing interventions and expected results, associated with the affected basic human need. Implications: It is well known that the provision of qualified care in the admission of patients with suspected accidental tetanus as well as their proper referral to the ICU contributes to a better prognosis.

scholarly journals Okra in translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciribuco
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
West African ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Key Participants

Abstract This article explores the theme of food translation, based on research conducted in Italy in 2018 with a group of asylum seekers from different West African countries. It concentrates on a community gardening project revolving around the cultivation of okra: a vegetable that is a staple in many African cuisines, but not very popular in Italy, which provided the occasion for the participants to communicate their home foodways. As something that is linked to the most basic human needs, and yet bears high cultural significance, food can be used as a lens to explore the shifting relationship between language and other embodied forms of meaning. Translating food means engaging with a complex interplay of language, sensory experiences, and socio-cultural norms. Drawing from recent semiotically-oriented developments in translation studies as well as applied linguistics, and the semiotics of food, I analyze key participants’ involvement with the project.

Science and Technology: The African Search for a Third Way to Development

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Forje
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The North ◽  
Simultaneous Process ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Developed Nations

Development strategies so far followed in the Third World are now being increasingly questioned because they have not led to meeting basic human needs and also because they promote Third World dependence on the developed nations. Science and technology of the Western kind only perpetuates an already deteriorating situation in Africa. Although no nation can develop in isolation, African countries must initiate, control and direct their own pattern of development. Peaceful co-existence and progress for all mankind can only be a reality if the North and the South embark on a harmonious and simultaneous process of reshaping the existing international order, including the technological order.

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