scholarly journals ON THE USE OF KRIGING MODEL CONCEPT TO DETECT GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES IN HILLY DUTSIN-MA, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Kankara A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Kriging Model ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Model Concept ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Iron And Manganese

In this present study, the geology, relief, spatial variation and challenges of groundwater quality has been carried out, using Kriging Model. The methodology employed was drawn from primary and secondary data sources. Detailed chemical analyses for some of the parameters of the groundwater were done on a total of twenty-one (21) samples of both hand-dug wells and borehole waters collected during the full field investigation. In the laboratory analysis, the AAS and XRF machines were used to analyze eight (8) samples, namely: Temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), EC, Total Hardness, Lead, Iron, and manganese. The results of the chemical analyses which were akin to groundwater geochemical characterization based on the ranges of parameters shows that the value of pH in the study area ranges from (6.53 to 7.30), The Total Dissolved Solids ranges between (0.00 to 24.00), the EC has concentrations between (0.06 to 22.00) which was also around the permissible units of both SON and WHO. Total Hardness of the samples of the area run from lowest concentrations of (60 to 3915) which does not exceed the SON permissible unit, but exceed the recommended limit of WHO. The corresponding limited ranges of iron and manganese ranges from (0.53 to 15.24 and 0.4 to 3.35),the concentrations of Lead from lowest to highest were (0.74 to 2.31), both of which defy the recommended limits of WHO (0.05) and that of SON (0.01). Based on this, it was concluded that some of the groundwater sources assessed are safe for human consumption. If the practice of consuming groundwater without treatment continues, it may lead to health hazard.. ANOVA-F (One Way) was adopted in testing the hypothesis (Calculated F=6.63 while Critical F=2.16). The study recommended that appropriate measures should be taken to bring the higher concentrated parameters to desired levels.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
C. Sadashivaiah ◽  
G. Ranganna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Tumkur taluk. This has been determined by collecting groundwater samples and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese and fluorides. The WQI for these samples ranges from 89.21 to 660.56. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides, bicarbonate and manganese in the groundwater. The results of analyses have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Temporal Variations of Geothermal Water Quality in Tangtou, Shandong, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjun Gao ◽  
Jiutan Liu ◽  
Fuquan Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jianguo Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geological Conditions

Geothermal water resources are a kind of clean energy, which is a renewable resource to a certain extent and has a high value of development and utilization. To understand the hydrochemical characteristics, origins, and temporal variations of geothermal water quality in Tangtou, 13 geothermal water samples from 2007 to 2019 and geothermal geological conditions were collected. Cl− and Na+ are the major ions, which make the geothermal water belong Cl-Na type. The total dissolved solids values of geothermal waters were 1560–2512 mg/L and pH were in the range of 6.7–8.8. The development of faulted structures provides conditions for the formation of geothermal water. In addition, geothermal water is recharged by shallow underground cold water. Water-rock interaction, as well as mixing processes, in the process of long runoff path and the slower deep-water cycle is the main factor controlling the chemical composition of geothermal water. Calculated saturation index values indicated that the geothermal water was saturated with respect to silicate and carbonate minerals. Cation and silica chemical geothermometers indicated that reservoir temperatures ranged from 94.63 to 196.10 °C and from 69.13 to 123.75 °C, respectively. Based on the grey relational analysis, the main physicochemical components of geothermal water are obviously correlated with the geothermal water exploitation and precipitation. Overall, affected by exploitation and precipitation, main physicochemical components (such as the total dissolved solids, total hardness, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, K+, and Mg2+) showed a certain stage.

scholarly journals A Detailed Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan, and Suitability for Future Development

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Ali Jawadi ◽  
Jay Sagin ◽  
Daniel D. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Health Organization

Kabul is one of the most populated cities in Afghanistan and providing resources to support this population in an arid climate presents a serious environmental challenge. The current study evaluated the quality of local Kabul Basin groundwater to determine its suitability water for drinking and irrigation purposes now and into the future. This aim was aided through groundwater parameter assessment as well as determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) developed from 15 observation points near the city. The results of our physicochemical analysis illustrate that groundwater in the majority of areas of the Kabul Basin is not generally suitable for human consumption, and in some cases the concentrations of many contaminants are higher than accepted health standards or water quality benchmarks. The aquifer underlies an arid landscape, and because of this 85% of the samples tested are very hard while just over 13% are classified as hard. Groundwater in the Kabul Basin is typically high in calcium and magnesium and overall classified as a calcium bicarbonate water type. Overall, more than 60% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of total dissolved solids (TDS), 10% in total hardness (TH), about 30% in turbidity and more than 90% in magnesium. The results show that based on WQI, without treatment, roughly 5% of groundwater in the studied area is unsuitable for human consumption, while 13.3% is very poor and 40% is poor quality water. Approximately 40% of the assessed groundwater has good quality and could be used as drinking water for future development. Groundwater in some areas shows evidence of pollution and high dissolved solids content, rendering these sources unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality Parameters in Shatt AL-Arab, Southern Iraq, Using Spatial Analysis

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahraa Q. Lateef ◽  
Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi ◽  
Dawood E. Sachit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Southern Iraq

The present work illustrates the potential application of techniques of spatial analysis via geographic information systems (GIS) to categorize the distribution of temporal and spatial of water prediction characteristics to determine the water quality parameters of the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAA), southern Iraq. Eight main water quality parameters and three heavy metals were measured from December 2018 to October 2019. The total dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, and total hardness were compared with previous data that were measured from 2014 to 2018 based on data availability. The geochemical characteristics were also investigated to analyze water quality parameters. The study was performed by selecting eleven stations according to the nature areas of SAA. Water samples were acquired from the eleven stations for four seasons (winter of 2018 through autumn of 2019). Results revealed that total dissolved solids ranged between 950 to 8500 mg/L, total hardness varied from 400 to 2394 mg/L as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the sulfate ranged from 149 to 1602 mg/L, and chloride ranged from 330 to 3687 mg/L. The results showed that SAA had high salinity with a low hazard of sodicity. The SAA waters mainly fall below the Dolomite-Magnesite tie-lines which indicated the dissolution of carbonate rocks. This research also found that the study area confined from Al-Maqal station to Abu Flus port station where the salty marine water coming from the Arabian Gulf remains for longer periods. The SAA is not suitable for drinking and irrigation water according to Iraqi and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. This study suggested building a blocking dam downstream of the SAA to prevent salty water from coming back from Arabian Gulf.

scholarly journals A Study of Groundwater Characteristics by Using of Groundwater Quality Index and Pollution Index in Zubair District, Basra Province, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ammar S. Dawood ◽  
Mushtak T. Jabbar ◽  
Mudhar H. Gatea ◽  
Hayfaa J. Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract The present work evaluated the groundwater quality index (GWQI) depending on some physicochemical analyses of thirteen groundwater samples in the Zubair district in Basra Province, Iraq. The collected groundwater samples were subjected to an extensive physicochemical analysis to evaluate the characteristics of water for drinking purpose according to Iraqi standard. For calculating the (GWQI), twelve water quality parameters were considered; turbidity, pH, chloride, total dissolved solids, total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, nitrate, and magnesium. The analysis of the results reveals that all the samples surpassed the portability of drinking water limits. High values of the (GWQI) in the obtained groundwater samples could possibly be caused by the higher values of electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids and sodium within the groundwater. The calculated GWQI values ranged from 73.36 to 595.92. The pollution index (PI) was calculated for the study area with values ranged from 2.97 to 8.26. Correlation coefficients amongst the chosen water parameters exhibited some strong relationships. Finally, the analysis shows that the groundwater in this particular area needs to be treated before its consumption, and in addition, it usually needs to avoid the hazard of contamination. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicate that the acquiring-data from groundwater samples are explained 90.5 % of the variance in the data with a four-component system that explains a large portion of the total variance of collected data.

scholarly journals Qualitative Assessment of Mine Water of the Western Jharia Coalfield Area, Jharkhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Prasoon Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Jharia Coalfield

A geochemical study of mine water in the Western Jharia coalfield area was undertaken to assess its quality and suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. To assess mine water quality of the study area, a systematic sampling was carried out during the monsoon season, 2013. Eighteen representatives mine water sample were collected from both underground (underground sump and surface water discharge) and opencast mines, and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) , major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and major anions (HCO3- F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-). The pH of the analyzed mine waters ranged from 6.8 o 8.3 and electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 608 uS cm-1 to 1350 uS cm-1. TDS ranged from 432 to 1080 mg L-1 and the spatial differences in TDS reflect the geological formations, hydrological processes and prevailing mining conditions of the region. The anion and cation chemistry indicate the general ionic abundance as: HCO3-> SO42-> Cl-> NO3->F- and Mg2+>Ca2+> Na+> K+ in the mine water of the study area. The water quality assessment indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), magnesium and sulphate are the major parameters of concern in the study area and make it unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes.

scholarly journals The quality and effect on plant growth of tap water and rainwater in DAVAO CITY

10.17158/502 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan P. Limjuco ◽  
Sheila Mae V. Quinamot ◽  
Victor L. Guy-Ab Jr. ◽  
Cashelmara B. Cabañero ◽  
Brisbane Peter B. Tarongoy III ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Immaculate Conception ◽  
The University

<p>Rainwater is essential in the sustenance of ecosystem in all parts of the world. It is a free source of nearly pure water and naturally replenishes the earth’s water supply. On the other hand, tap water is one of the most available types of water intended for human consumption while rainwater serves many purposes too. This study aimed to assess the quality of tap water and rainwater in Davao City, specifically in Agdao, Ecoland and Artiaga. The proponents used plant growth of selected varieties such as mongo, radish, tomato, eggplant, and squash, as the main parameter in comparing the rainwater and tap water after 30 days; pH, conductivity, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were also used as additional parameters, which were determined at the Science Resource Center of the University of the Immaculate Conception. This study employed of a descriptive – comparative design making use of quantitative measurements and data from laboratory analyses. The results revealed that rainwater and tap water in Davao city are both safe for plant growth as indicated by the values of the parameters which are within the acceptable range describing a good quality for growing plants.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Plant growth, tap water, rainwater, pH, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Davao City, Philippines</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Validity of Ground Water for Drinking Purposes in the Almarqab Region in Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam Mohammed Ali Abd. Alkareem Alradiny
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sodium Sulfates ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Taste And Smell

"In this study, Analysis of 12 samples of ground water were carried out belong four locations within the area of Almarqab in Libya and physical, chemical and biological analyzes were performed for samples which are pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, taste and Odor, sodium, sulfates, nitrates, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and the bacteriological examination represented by the total number of coliform. The physico chemical analyzes for Zliten and Alkhoms locations have shown that the parameters of total dissolved solids, total hardness, chlorine, sodium, nitrate (TDS, TH, Cl, Na, No3) respectively, taste and smell had exceeded the limits of the specification, Whereas the samples of Meslatah and Tarhonah locations were within the specifications, While the bacteriological analysis showed that all study samples have been contaminated by bacteria colon. Study also demonstrated that there is an overlap for the sea water in Zliten and Alkhoms samples, As well as The study revealed that the source of contamination for Zliten and Alkhoms samples were sewage, agricultural activities and seawater, While the contamination source in Mesalatah and Tarhonah samples was sewage. This confirms the inevitability of the transformation immediately to the treatment to make the water in Zliten and Alkhoms suitable for drinking, And the necessity of transformation to water treatment of Meslatah, Tarhonah in the near future"

scholarly journals A study on the groundwater of Peenya industrial area and its related elements in Bengaluru region of Karnataka State, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessy Baby Mathew ◽  
Nideghatta Beeregowda Kirshnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractGroundwater samples were collected from the Peenya Industrial area of Bengaluru, India to test its quality, elemental composition and inherent bacterial population. Further analysis was done using GIS Based Geostatistical techniques to study the level of groundwater and to generate various maps of lineament, digital elevation, geomorphology, soil erosion, salt affected areas and water logging in this region. Physical and chemical parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids, pH, temperature, BOD, COD, metal ions present in the water samples were studied along with predominant microbial constituents. The Total Dissolved Solids and Total Hardness were far beyond the maximum concentration levels. Further analysis of the isolated bacteria was done using staining methods and biochemical tests. The results obtained showed that the area under study had wells ranging from shallow to deep heights of 30 to 80 meters, with a wide variety of 10-400 LPM; whereas the lineament map suggested that the area was bound with parallel ridges and joints. The geographical data represented pediplain complexes, anthropogenic terrains and water bodies. The area was found to go through a seasonal water logging and the soil loss was due to sheet erosion and rill erosion. It was also observed that the groundwater was contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, chromium etc. along with a diversified bacterial population.

Assessment of habitats and conservation status of Amphibians in Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mangi ◽  
Kalsoom Shaikh ◽  
Waheed Shabrani ◽  
Ghulam Sarwar Gachal ◽  
Irfan Tagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Dissolved Solids

Some interior areas of Sindh are poorly studied previously which are considered as main sites for present investigation. For the study of ignored amphibian fauna, we conducted a survey to observe the environmental condition of amphibian habitats. The physical characteristics of habitat such as types of vegetation and presence of predators were observed, while water samples were collected from all aquatic habitats for analysis of parameters i.e. pH, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrite and nitrate as well as carbon dioxide. All the habitats were analyzed thoroughly and designated as highly contaminated and unfavorable especially for spawns and larvae and their conservation status was found entirely deteriorated, though abundance of vegetation was observed alongwith availability of potential predators.

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