Comparison of the Effect of Hot and Thermo-Neutral Environments on Fat Oxidation during Post-Exercise Recovery in Exercise-Trained Obese Women: A Preliminary Report

Exercise training is recommended to promote energy expenditure. Fat utilization occurs during exercise and continues for an extended period of time after the exercise session. The environmental temperatures can influence whole body substrate oxidation. The present study aimed to address the impacts of environmental temperature on fat oxidation during post-exercise recovery in exercise-trained obese women. Eleven sedentary obese women (age: 18 - 50 y, BMI: 27.5 - 40 kg/m2) with regular menstruation participated in the study. All subjects underwent a 4-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program. After training, each subject completed 2 occasions of post-exercise recovery testing in hot (31 - 32 °C) and thermo-neutral (22 - 23 °C) conditions in a randomized crossover fashion with 3 - 4 days of washout period. Two exercise bouts preceding each recovery condition were identically performed for 60 min at 60 % of heart rate reserve (HRreserve) in the thermo-neutral condition. Both experiments were conducted during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle. Substrate oxidations were determined during 1 h of post-exercise recovery using indirect calorimetry. The results showed that the fat oxidation during recovery in thermo-neutral environment (52.8 ± 26.5 mg.kg-1.h-1) was significantly greater than recovery in hot environment (32.3 ± 27.9 mg.kg-1.h-1, p = 0.0002). Total energy from substrate oxidation was not different between hot and thermo-neutral environments. Thus, in obese women with 4-week exercise training, recovery in the thermo-neutral condition has a higher fat oxidation than in the hot condition. This result may be implicated in weight management for temperature of choice to recover after routine exercise training sessions. HIGHLIGHTS Fat oxidation was greater during recovery in thermo-neutral environment after moderate-intensity exercise in trained obese women Recovery carbohydrate oxidation was greater in hot environment than in thermo-neutral environment after moderate-intensity exercise Energy expenditure from substrate oxidations during recovery in both thermo-neutral and hot environments were similar GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Oxidation after 16 Months of Exercise Training in Overweight Adults

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.18.1.79 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 79-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jeffrey A. Potteiger ◽

Erik P. Kirk ◽

Dennis J. Jacobsen ◽

Joseph E. Donnelly

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Body Mass ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Substrate Oxidation ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise

Purpose:To determine whether 16 months of moderate-intensity exercise training changes resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation in overweight young adults.Methods:Participants were randomly assigned to nonexercise control (CON, 18 women, 15 men) or exercise (EX, 25 women, 16 men) groups. EX performed supervised and verified exercise 3–5 d/wk, 20–45 min/session, at 60–75% of heart-rate reserve. Body mass and composition, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), RMR, and resting substrate oxidation were assessed at baseline and after 9 and 16 months of training.Results:EX men had significant decreases from baseline to 9 months in body mass (94.6 ± 12.4 to 89.2 ± 9.5 kg) and percent fat (28.3 ± 4.6 to 24.5 ± 3.9). CON women had significant increases in body mass (80.2 ± 8.1 to 83.2 ± 9.2 kg) from baseline to 16 months. VO2max increased significantly from baseline to 9 months in the EX men (3.67 ± 0.62 to 4.34 ± 0.58 L/min) and EX women (2.53 ± 0.32 to 3.03 ± 0.42 L/min). RMR increased from baseline to 9 months in EX women (1,583 ± 221 to 1,692 ± 230 kcal/d) and EX men (1,995 ± 184 to 2,025 ± 209 kcal/d). There were no significant differences within genders for either EX or CON in fat or carbohydrate oxidation. Fat oxidation was significantly higher for women than for men at 9 months in both CON and EX groups.Conclusions:Regular moderate-intensity exercise in healthy, previously sedentary overweight and obese adults increases RMR but does not alter resting substrate oxidation. Women tend to have higher RMR and greater fat oxidation, when expressed per kilogram fat-free mass, than men.

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High-intensity, but not moderate-intensity, exercise increases post-exercise rate of fat oxidation in type 2 diabetics

Journal of Clinical and Translational Research ◽

10.18053/jctres.02.201602.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Type 2 Diabetics

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Effect of Capsinoids Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Muscle Glycogen Restoration During Post-exercise Recovery in Humans

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200824104856 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Su-Fen Liao ◽

Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽

Jung-Piao Taso ◽

Chun-Ching Huang ◽

Chia-Chen Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Young Adults ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Exercise Recovery ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Glycogen Resynthesis ◽

Post Exercise Recovery

Background: Capsinoids (CSN), the novel non-pungent capsaicin analogs have been reported to promote metabolic health and exercise tolerance. However, the effect of CSN on fat oxidation and changes in skeletal muscle glycogen levels during post-exercise recovery has not been investigated in humans. Purpose: We examined the effect of CSN supplementation on energy reliance, glycogen resynthesis and molecular proteins in the skeletal muscle of young adults during post-exercise recovery. Methods: In this crossover-designed study, nine healthy adult male volunteers (aged 21.4±0.2 years, BMI 21.9±1.3 kg/m2 ) completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 70% VO2max. Participants consumed either CSN (12 mg, single dosage) or placebo capsules with a high-carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/kg bodyweight) immediately after exercise. Biopsied muscle samples (vastus lateralis), blood and gaseous samples were obtained during 3h post-exercise recovery period. Results: We found that oral CSN supplementation right after exercise significantly altered the energy reliance on fat oxidation during recovery. This was evidenced by lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and higher fat oxidation rate in CSN trial. Despite, acute CSN dosage does not contribute to enhance the glycogen replenishment in skeletal muscle during 3h recovery. We identified no significant differences in postprandial glucose and insulin area under the curve in both trials. Western blot data showed increased muscle GLUT4 expression, but no significant response of p-Akt/Akt ratio with CSN during post-exercise recovery. Conclusion: Our findings conclude that acute CSN intake could change energy reliance on fat oxidation, but unable to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis during post-exercise recovery. Thus, ergogenic properties of CSN in relevance to muscle glycogen restoration following exercise needs to be further investigated in young adults.

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Plasma glycerol during the acute post-exercise recovery period: influence of exercise intensity

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep13011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

R.J. Bloomer ◽

T.M. Farney

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

High Intensity ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Exercise Recovery ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Post Exercise Recovery

Intensity of exercise can influence substrate utilization, with increasing intensity resulting in lower rates of fat oxidation and the reliance on carbohydrate as the preferred fuel. Fat oxidation (or more specifically, mobilization) can be assessed via the measurement of circulating glycerol, with most prior research focusing on aerobic exercise and measurements obtained during the actual exercise bout. The present study determined the degree of fat oxidation/mobilization by measuring plasma glyctierol concentrations during the one hour post-exercise recovery period following three difference exercise bouts. On four different days, exercise trained men (n=12; 23.7±1.1 years) either rested quietly or performed aerobic cycle exercise (60 min at 70% heart rate reserve), 60 s cycle sprints at 100% max wattage obtained during graded exercise testing (GXT) - a total of five, or 15 s cycle sprints at 200% max wattage obtained during GXT - a total of 10. Blood was collected before and at 1, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. Haematocrit and haemoglobin were measured to correct for changes in plasma volume. Glycerol was analysed in plasma and the area under the curve was calculated. Glycerol increased across time (P<0.0001) from pre-exercise (8.4±0.3 μg/dl) to 1 min (13.1±0.7 μg/dl), 30 min (11.3±0.6 μg/dl) and 60 min (9.1±0.5 μg/dl) post-exercise, with 1 min and 30 min post-exercise greater than pre-exercise and 60 min post-exercise (P<0.05). Area under the curve was greater (P=0.0004) for aerobic exercise (24.7±2.0 μg/dl/h), 60 second sprints (23.4±1.9 μg/dl/h) and 15 sec sprints (24.4±1.5 μg/dl/h), as compared to rest (15.3±0.8 μg/dl/h), with no differences noted between exercise bouts (P≯0.05). All exercise bouts increase circulating glycerol, with no differences noted between bouts. Although previous data indicate that low intensity aerobic exercise results in greater fat oxidation than high intensity exercise (when assessed during the actual exercise session), our findings suggest that high intensity exercise may result in similar fat oxidation/mobilization as compared to aerobic exercise during the acute post-exercise period.

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Glucose kinetics and substrate oxidation during exercise in the follicular and luteal phases

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.447 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 447-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Ted W. Zderic ◽

Andrew R. Coggan ◽

Brent C. Ruby

Keyword(s):

Plasma Glucose ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Substrate Oxidation ◽

Constant Infusion ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Glucose Kinetics ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Total Fat

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether plasma glucose kinetics and substrate oxidation during exercise are dependent on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Once during the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases, moderately trained subjects [peak O2 uptake (V˙o 2) = 48.2 ± 1.1 ml · min−1 · kg−1; n = 6] cycled for 25 min at ∼70% of theV˙o 2 at their respective lactate threshold (70%LT), followed immediately by 25 min at 90%LT. Rates of plasma glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) were determined with a primed constant infusion of [6,6-2H]glucose, and total carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation were determined with indirect calorimetry. At rest and during exercise at 70%LT, there were no differences in glucose Raor Rd between phases. CHO and fat oxidation were not different between phases at 70%LT. At 90%LT, glucose Ra(28.8 ± 4.8 vs. 33.7 ± 4.5 μmol · min−1 · kg−1; P < 0.05) and Rd (28.4 ± 4.8 vs. 34.0 ± 4.1 μmol · min−1 · kg−1; P < 0.05) were lower during the L phase. In addition, at 90%LT, CHO oxidation was lower during the L compared with the F phase (82.0 ± 12.3 vs. 93.8 ± 9.7 μmol · min−1 · kg−1; P < 0.05). Conversely, total fat oxidation was greater during the L phase at 90%LT (7.46 ± 1.01 vs. 6.05 ± 0.89 μmol · min−1 · kg−1; P < 0.05). Plasma lactate concentration was also lower during the L phase at 90%LT concentrations (2.48 ± 0.41 vs. 3.08 ± 0.39 mmol/l; P < 0.05). The lower CHO utilization during the L phase was associated with an elevated resting estradiol ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that plasma glucose kinetics and CHO oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise are lower during the L compared with the F phase in women. These differences may have been due to differences in circulating estradiol.

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Moderate intensity exercise training combined with inulin-propionate ester supplementation increases whole body resting fat oxidation in overweight women

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 154043 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dalia Malkova ◽

Thelma Polyviou ◽

Eleni Rizou ◽

Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽

Edward S. Chambers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Overweight Women

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Effect of the exercise of walkers performed in public squares with spontaneous or prescribed intensity on post-exercise hypotension

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006247 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Taís Feitosa da Silva ◽

Alesandra Araújo de Souza ◽

Fabiano Ferreira de Lima ◽

Jennifer Ariely Sales Suassuna ◽

Henrique Eduardo Paiva Lira do Couto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Exercise Recovery ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Post Exercise Recovery ◽

The City ◽

Post Exercise Hypotension

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To quantify the intensity adopted by walkers in public squares and check the occurrence and magnitude of post-exercise hypotension in the spontaneously adopted intensity and in a prescribed intensity. METHODS In 98 volunteers (38 of them being hypertensive), walkers in public squares of the city of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil, we have identified the intensity of a usual training monitored by heart rate and we have investigated the occurrence and magnitude of post-exercise hypotension. Subsequently, participants were instructed to walk with moderate intensity. Blood pressure was measured after rest and during post-exercise recovery. RESULTS Of the total participants, 41% of the hypertensive and 36% of the normotensive individuals walked with light intensity. With the prescription, intensity increased to 55% and 52%, for the hypertensive and normotensive individuals, respectively. In the usual and prescribed intensity, the hypertensive individuals had post-exercise hypotension of -3.7±11.6 mmHg and -4.72±12.8 mmHg, respectively. There was no correlation between post-exercise hypotension and the initial systolic component of the hypertensive individuals (r2 = 0.2; p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Walkers in public squares choose light intensity for walking. When they exercise with the prescribed intensity, they increase the intensity, but the magnitude of the PEH is not increase with this guidance.

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