scholarly journals A Multipath Cluster-Based Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7635-7640
Author(s):  
M. A. Mahdi ◽  
T. C. Wan ◽  
A. Mahdi ◽  
M. A. G. Hazber ◽  
B. A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Based Routing ◽  
Single Path

A MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a group of mobile network nodes dynamically forming a network without any pre-existing infrastructure. Multi-path routing protocols in MANETs try to discover and use multiple routes between source and destination nodes. Multipath routing is typically used to reduce average delay, increase transmission reliability, provide load balancing among multiple routes, and improve security and overall QoS (Quality of Service). In this paper, the Cluster-Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), which is a single path MANET protocol is enhanced to use multiple paths. The traffic will be distributed among multiple paths to reduce network traffic congestion and decrease delay. An analytical model is used for multipath and single path CBRP routing protocols in MANETs to estimate the end-to-end delay and queue length. The analytical results show that the average delay and average queue length in multipath CBRP are less than the average delay and queue length in single path CBRP.

scholarly journals SMART: A Secure Multipath Anonymous Routing Technique

2011 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Prateek Jain ◽  
Rupsha Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Anonymous Routing ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Single Path

Multipath routing for mobile Ad hoc networks is a technique of concurrent management and utilization of multiple paths for transmitting distributed data evenly across the nodes instead of routing all the traffic along a single path, potentially resulting in longer lifetime along with the benefits of better transmission performance, fault tolerance, increased bandwidth and improved security. In this paper, a secure multipath anonymous routing protocol (abbreviated as SMART) has been proposed. SMART uses non cryptographic ways to help the source find the routes to the destination and dynamic onion routing to intimate the source about these routes. It includes a mechanism of key caching and defines a minimum battery protection threshold for each node to help increase the network lifetime to some extent. In effect SMART is an attempt to strike a balance between the anonymity, security and energy consumption in a network.

Probabilistic and Fuzzy based Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-432
Author(s):  
Madan Mohan Agarwal ◽  
Hemraj Saini ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Govil
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Path Distance ◽  
Fixed Threshold ◽  
Multiple Paths

Background: The performance of the network protocol depends on number of parameters like re-broadcast probability, mobility, the distance between source and destination, hop count, queue length and residual energy, etc. Objective: In this paper, a new energy efficient routing protocol IAOMDV-PF is developed based on the fixed threshold re-broadcast probability determination and best route selection using fuzzy logic from multiple routes. Methods: In the first phase, the proposed protocol determines fixed threshold rebroadcast probability. It is used for discovering multiple paths between the source and the destination. The threshold probability at each node decides the rebroadcasting of received control packets to its neighbors thereby reducing routing overheads and energy consumption. The multiple paths list received from the first phase and supply to the second phase that is the fuzzy controller selects the best path. This fuzzy controller has been named as Fuzzy Best Route Selector (FBRS). FBRS determines the best path based on function of queue length, the distance between nodes and mobility of nodes. Results: Comparative analysis of the proposed protocol named as "Improved Ad-Hoc On-demand Multiple Path Distance Vector based on Probabilistic and Fuzzy logic" (IAOMDV-PF) shows that it is more efficient in terms of overheads and energy consumption. Conclusion: The proposed protocol reduced energy consumption by about 61%, 58% and 30% with respect to FF-AOMDV, IAOMDV-F and FPAOMDV routing protocols, respectively. The proposed protocol has been simulated and analyzed by using NS-2.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of GPSR and AODV Routing Protocols in MANETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S) ◽  
pp. 459-461
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Protocol Performance ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collection of nodes connected through wireless medium and do not require infrastructure for operation. Network Topology keeps on changing because mobility of nodes are high. Therefore, it is important for MANETs to provide excellent routing and security features. Since MANETs do not require any pre-existing infrastructure, they are extensively used in emergency and rescue and military applications. MANETs thus will form essentially an important part in wireless networks. In this paper, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) routing protocol performance is compared with respect to Throughput and E2ED and observed that there is an improvement in throughput by 11% in case of GPSR. Simulation is performed using NS3.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Cluster Based Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Network Coding

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Kanakala ◽  
Venugopal Reddy Ananthula ◽  
Prashanthi Vempaty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Based Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, all nodes are energy constrained. In such situations, it is important to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we consider the issues of energy efficient communication in MANETs using network coding. Network coding is an effective method to improve the performance of wireless networks. COPE protocol implements network coding concept to reduce number of transmissions by mixing the packets at intermediate nodes. We incorporate COPE into cluster based routing protocol to further reduce the energy consumption. The proposed energy-efficient coding-aware cluster based routing protocol (ECCRP) scheme applies network coding at cluster heads to reduce number of transmissions. We also modify the queue management procedure of COPE protocol to further improve coding opportunities. We also use an energy efficient scheme while selecting the cluster head. It helps to increase the life time of the network. We evaluate the performance of proposed energy efficient cluster based protocol using simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed ECCRP algorithm reduces energy consumption and increases life time of the network.

scholarly journals Securing cluster based routing against cooperative black hole attack in mobile ad hoc network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandi Selvam Raman ◽  
Shankar K ◽  
Ilayaraja M
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless infrastructure-less network consisting collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in decentralized manner. Security remains major challenge due to its some unique characteristics like open medium, mobility and hence topology changes. Therefore, routing protocol for MANETs is much vulnerable to attacks. Black Hole is a type of attack, where malicious node falsely advertises itself having the shortest or optimal path to the destination node. This attack is more dangerous while a group of nodes are cooperating with each other.The objective of this paper is to design cluster based routing protocol and prevent it from the black hole attack. The simulation results show improvement in packet delivery ratio and control overhead.

Research of Secure Scheme against Data Flooding Attack in Ad Hoc Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cui Zhang ◽  
Zhi Gang Wang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yong Shi Sun ◽  
Xiao Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Flooding Attack ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Demand Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

DATA flooding attack is a serious menace for the security of on-demand routing protocol in Ad Hoc networks. In the paper, on the basis of three typical on-demand routing protocols AODV, DSR and TORA, we present a special security scheme against data flooding attack. Then we simulate the scheme on NS2 platform and compare two performance parameters before and after using the scheme: average delay and packet delivery rate. The results indicate that this project is comparatively effective to resist the DATA flooding attack.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF A NEW MANET ROUTING PROTOCOL IN NS-2

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
MONALI SAHOO ◽  
ASHISH CHAURASIA
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be defined as a collection of large number of mobile nodes that form temporary network without aid of any existing network infrastructure or central access point. The Efficient routing protocols can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc networks, in terms of both performance and reliability. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far. The main method for evaluating the performance of MANETs is simulation. The Network Simulator is a discrete event driven simulator. The goal of ns-2 is to support networking ,research, and education. In this paper we create a new Routing Protocol called My Router step by step in Ns-2.Then we evaluate its performance based on several parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio , End to End Delay etc and compare it with MANET routing protocol OLSR .

scholarly journals Comparative Performance Analysis of Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol using NS-2 Simulator

2012 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Prashant Rewagad ◽  
Nisha A. Lodha
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes in which the wireless links are frequently broken down due to mobility and dynamic infrastructure. Routing is a significant issue and challenge in ad hoc networks. In Mobile ad hoc network, due to mobility of nodes network topology change frequently and thus, routing become challenging task to transfer the data from source to destination. A variety of routing protocols with varying network conditions are analyzed to find an optimized route from a source to some destination. This paper is based on performance comparison of two popular mobile ad-hoc network routing protocols using simulator i.e. DSR, ADOV. On the network simulation platform, a systematically simulation and research has been carried out on the performance of two routing protocols, and how the network environments impact on the performance of routing protocol.

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