scholarly journals Garden Watering System

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ms. Srushti Kanhe ◽  
Ms. Vaishnavi Kharde ◽  
Mr. Pushkar Kankariya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Switching System ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Made In

Automatic plant watering system, which is taken into account together of the foremost commonly used and therefore the most beneficial automated systems nowadays, help people in their daily activities by reducing or completely replacing their effort. This system uses sensor technology along with microcontroller and other electronics to behave like a smart switching system that senses soil moisture level and irrigates the plant if necessary. The purpose of this work is to show how someone can easily make their own and cheap automatic plant watering system in just a few hours by connecting certain electronic components and other materials required. In our experiment, we connected all required materials exactly as shown in this paper, to test whether our system will work properly or not. Although the system made in that way would be the most appropriate for home usage as the solution for some daily and usual issues, there is a wide spectrum of possibilities of implementing these systems as a long-term solution for several agricultural and medical problems, a number of which are undernourishment and pollution as most prominent, dangerous and important ones. The project we've undertaken is “Garden watering system”. This project is taken up as in India there is a Garden Watering rate at which water resources are depleting is a dangerous threat hence there is a need for a smart and efficient way of Garden Watering. In this project, we have implemented sensors which detect the humidity in the soil (Garden) and supply water to the field which has water requirement. The project is Atmega 328P microcontroller-based design that controls the water supply and the field to be irrigated. There are sensors present in each field that are not activated till water is present on the field. Once the sector gets dry sensors to sense the need of water within the field and send a sign to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then supplies water to that particular field which has water requirements till the sensors are deactivated again. In case, when there's quite one signal for water requirement then the microcontroller will prioritize the primary received signal and irrigate the fields accordingly. The development of the Garden Watering system based on microcontrollers at an experimental scale within rural areas is presented. The implementation aimed to demonstrate that automatic Garden Watering can be used to reduce water use.

Clinical profile of PCOS patients at a tertiary care center in Gandaki Province of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Mahendra Raj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Medical Problems

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is one of the most common cause of anovulation in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of upto 10%. Oligomenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity together with enlarged polycystic ovaries are the diagnostic criteria of PCOS. These women are vulnerable to type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, premature arteriosclerosis, and endometrial carcinoma. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of this study was to see the various clinical profile of PCOS patients at a Medical College in Nepal and to make patients aware about the long term sequalae associated with it. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Manipal Teaching Hospital from January 2018 till June 2019. A total of 90 patients presenting with oligomenorrhoea, obesity, acne, infertility and hirsutism were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were young women who had their menarche less than 2 years back, women older than 45 years, and patients on exogenous estrogen or progesterone therapy. Results: Out of 90 patients studied, 37(41%) were married and 53(59%) were unmarried. There were many patients from urban compared to rural areas (67% vs 33%). Many patients were either overweight (22%) or obese (61%) and 6% of the patients were underweight. Mean age at the time of presentation was 31.66 years with many patients (37%) between 30-35 years age group. Majority of the patients were either oligomenorrhoeic or amenorrhoeic (78 %). Weight gain was present in 83% of the patients. Infertility was present in 81% of the married patients. Fifteen women (17%) had hypothyroidism and were receiving treatment for the same. Ultrasonography was done in all the patients and typical necklace pattern of follicular arrangement was seen in 70 (78%) patients. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PCOS can be reliably predicted with the help of clinical features and sonography in women according to Rotterdam criteria. Oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhea and weight gain were main symptoms in our patients. It is important to educate and make unmarried PCOS patients aware of its association with infertility and long-term medical problems.

scholarly journals Ambulatory Monitoring of Physical Activity Based on Knee Flexion/Extension Measured by Inductive Sensor Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Bonroy ◽  
Kenneth Meijer ◽  
Par Dunias ◽  
Kris Cuppens ◽  
Ruud Gransier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Dynamic Measurements ◽  
Knee Brace ◽  
Inductive Sensor ◽  
Flexion Extension

We developed a knee brace to measure the knee angle and implicitly the flexion/extension (f/e) of the knee joint during daily activities. The goal of this study is to classify and validate a limited set of physical activities on ten young healthy subjects based on knee f/e. Physical activities included in this study are walking, ascending and descending of stairs, and fast locomotion (such as jogging, running, and sprinting) at self-selected speeds. The knee brace includes 2 accelerometers for static measurements and calibration and an inductive sensor for dynamic measurements. As we focus on physical activities, the inductive sensor will provide the required information on knee f/e. In this study, the subjects traversed a predefined track which consisted of indoor paths, outdoor paths, and obstacles. The activity classification algorithm based on peak detection in the knee f/e angle resulted in a detection rate of 95.9% for walking, 90.3% for ascending stairs, 78.3% for descending stairs, and 82.2% for fast locomotion. We conclude that we developed a measurement device which allows long-term and ambulatory monitoring. Furthermore, it is possible to predict the aforementioned activities with an acceptable performance.

A Note On Consumption Patterns in the Rural Areas of East Pakistan

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-413
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irshad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Made In

The main purpose of this paper is to present estimates of income elasticities for various commodity groups in East Pakistan. To date no such studies have been conducted in that province; and estimates made in other areas of the subcontinent have only limited applicability. Analysis of consumption patterns is essential for development planning because priorities and investment targets have to be based on demand forecasts for different commodities. Forecasting demand requires, among other variables, reliable estimates of income elasticities. In addition, knowledge about elasticities can be useful in deciding taxation policies and other controls over consumption. Further, in countries like Pakistan where large quantities of surplus foods are imported under the United States PL 480 programme, knowledge of income elasticities and regional patterns of consumption is important to permit effective utilization of these imports for economic development.

Hemorrhoidal Laser procedure (HeLP) and Hemorrrrhoidal Laser procedure + mucopexy (HeLPexx) and other Emerging Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Giamundo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Dentate Line ◽  
Mucosal Prolapse ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Superior Rectal Artery ◽  
Doppler Probe ◽  
The Common ◽  
Probe Set

Background: Minimally-invasive treatments for hemorrhoids should be encouraged as they cause low morbidity, reasonable discomfort and quicker return to work. According to the “vascular theory” hemorrhoidal disease is mainly caused by blood overflow into hemorrhoidal plexus deriving from the superior hemorrhoidal arteries. Introduction: Many different procedures have been described in the literature with the common goal of reducing the blood flow into the hemorrhoidal piles. ‘HeLP’ (Hemorrhoids Laser Procedure) is a novel form of dearterialization to treat patients suffering from symptomatic hemorrhoids. Methods: The procedure consists of the closure of the terminal branches of the superior rectal artery approximately 2-3 cm above the dentate line by means of laser shots originated by a diode laser platform. The arteries, at that level, have variable location and distribution. Therefore, a doppler probe set at the frequency of 20MHz helps identifying the arteries that would be missed otherwise. The laser beam is well tolerated by patients. For this reason, anesthesia is not required in most cases and the procedure allows a quick return to daily activities. In case of concomitant severe mucosal prolapse, the laser treatment can be combined with suture mucopexy. Three to six running sutures allow a complete lifting of hemorrhoidal piles, securing long-term resolution of symptoms. Results and Conclusions: ‘HeLP’ is indicated in patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids where conservative treatment failed and when mucosal prolapse is scarce or not symptomatic. The addition of mucopexy to laser treatment (HeLPexx) contributes to overall resolution of symptoms when mucosal prolapse is an issue, Emborrhoid is another novel, ‘hi-tech’ form of selective dearterialization used in selected case of hemorrhoids where main symptom is bleeding. It is generally used in cases where surgery is contraindicated due to severe concomitant diseases.

Hernia interna estrangulada por plastrón en el tercio distal del apéndice cecal

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Leyva Sotelo ◽  
José E. Telich Tarriba ◽  
Daniel Ángeles Gaspar ◽  
Osvaldo I. Guevara Valmaña ◽  
André Víctor Baldín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Internal Hernia ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Internal Hernias ◽  
Mild Abdominal Pain ◽  
Made In

Internal hernias are an infrequent cause of intestinal obstruction with an incidence of 0.2-0.9%, therefore their early diagnosis represents a challenge. The most frequently herniated organ is the small bowel, which results in a wide spectrum of symptoms, varying from mild abdominal pain to acute abdomen. We present the case of an eight-year old patient with nonspecific digestive symptoms, a transoperative diagnosis was made in which an internal hernia was found strangulated by plastron in the distal third of the appendix. Appendectomy was performed and four days later the patient was discharged without complications.

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

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