scholarly journals The Old Navarino fortification (Palaiokastro) at Pylos (Greece). Adaptation to early artillery

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xeni Simou
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The South ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Strategic Role

Old Navarino fortification (Palaiokastro) is located on the promontory supervising the naturally endowed Navarino-bay at the south-western foot of Peloponnese peninsula, near the contemporary city of Pylos. The cliff where it is built and where ancient relics lie, was fortified by Frankish in the thirteenth century. The fortification though knows significant alterations firstly by Serenissima Republic of Venice from the fifteenth century that aims to dominate the naval routes of Eastern Mediterranean by establishing a system of coastal fortifications and later by the Ottomans after the conquest of Venice’s possessions at Messenia in 1500. Between fifteenth and seventeenth century, apart from important modifications at the initial enceinte of the northern Upper City, the most notable transformation of Old Navarino is the construction of the new Lower fortification area at the south and the southern outwork ending up to the coastline. Especially the Lower fortification is a sample of multiple and large-scale successive alterations for the adjustment to technological advances of artillery (fortification walls reinforcement, modification of tower-bastions, early casemates, gate complex enforcements). The current essay focuses on the study of these specific elements of the early artillery period and the examination of Old Navarino’s strategic role at the time of transition before the adaptation of “bastion-front” fortification patterns, such as those experimented in the design of the fortified city of New Navarino, constructed at the opposite side of the Navarino gulf by the Ottomans (1573).

The English Vernacular Afterlife of Benvenutus Grassus, Ophthalmologist1

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Eldredge
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
English Translation

AbstractThis paper traces the history in print of a treatise on ophthalmology by Benvenutus Grassus, De probatissima arte oculorum, originally written in Latin in the late thirteenth century and translated into English in the fifteenth century. It presents evidence of the appearance in print of the English translation as a section of Philip Barrough's The Method of Phisicke in 1583, a book that went through ten subsequent reprintings, the last appearing in 1652. Other evidence is presented on the influence of Benvenutus' treatise in ophthalmological works published in the earlier half of the seventeenth century, and both greater and lesser traces are shown to exist. The last appearance of the treatise is in an auctioneer's catalogue of 1713, where apparently the book failed to find a buyer.

The King's High Table at the Palace of Westminster

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 197-243
Author(s):  
Mark Collins ◽  
Phillip Emery ◽  
Christopher Phillpotts ◽  
Mark Samuel ◽  
Christopher Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Engineering Work ◽  
Original Table ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Courts

Archaeological and engineering work that took place in Westminster Hall in 2005–6 led to the discovery of further remains of the King's High Table, to add to those discovered in 1960. The Purbeck marble table stood at the south end of the hall from the thirteenth century to the seventeenth century and was the focus and symbol of English monarchy, serving particular roles in coronation feasts and in the development of the law courts. This paper suggests a reconstruction of the original table and its later extensions from the recovered fragments, and reviews the evidence for the construction, usage and destruction of the table in the context of the evolution of the hall and the palace, tracing its history through to its recent rediscovery and exhibition.

scholarly journals Oxen trade from the fifteenth century to the beginning of the seventeenth century and its relations with the environment and space – case study of Greater Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 7-36
Author(s):  
Anna Paulina Orłowska ◽  
Patrycja Szwedo-Kiełczewska
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Space Case

The paper focuses on the interrelations between the environment, urban space, and oxen trade. On the basis of sources from the region of Greater Poland, it discusses particular conditions of trade in livestock (routes, pace of driving the animals, the need to feed and give water to the oxen). It also points to thus far ignored issues connected with indispensable adaptation of the urban space to the needs of the large-scale oxen trade which flourished during fairs taking place in various towns and emphasises the necessity to carry out further research in this regard.

Excavations in York, 1972–1973: First Interim Report

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Addyman ◽  
P. C. Buckland ◽  
E. King ◽  
S. Coll ◽  
C. Heighway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
South West

SummaryThe first year's campaign of rescue excavations by York Archaeological Trust is described. A sewer and part of a substantial building, perhaps the baths, were located within the Roman legionary fortress, and the sequence of defensive ditches on the south-west front was examined. Extra-mural settlement near the fortress was also examined in two places. Four small trenches in the heart of Anglo-Scandinavian York revealed 10 m of deposits including a post-Roman sequence giving a stratified series of timber buildings with C14 dates, ceramics, and artefacts. Well-preserved biological materials revealed in detail the palaeoecology of the buildings and immediate area. The development of riverside properties in Skeldergate was investigated: the land between Skeldergate and the Ouse proved to have been a late medieval reclamation. Part of the medieval suburb of Newbiggin was examined outside Monk Bar. The Hospital of St. Mary in the Horsefair was found at Union Terrace, where a twelfth- or early thirteenth-century building was traced through various phases of alteration and addition for use as a Carmelite church, as a hospital, and finally as a school which survived until the seventeenth century.

Characterising essential breeding habitat for whales informs the development of large-scale Marine Protected Areas in the South Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Lindsay ◽  
R Constantine ◽  
J Robbins ◽  
DK Mattila ◽  
A Tagarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
The South

Interpreting Seventeenth-Century Probate Documents: John Carter, Master Carpenter in St Albans

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Jane Harris ◽  
Pat Howe
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Market Town ◽  
Consumer Age

This is a study of a successful seventeenth-century carpenter in St Albans, John Carter, using probate and other documents, assisted by a large-scale computer database of St Albans residents of the period. Sections of the article cover his family, his work and his house and its contents, which have been reconstructed from his probate inventory and from knowledge of the structure of other local houses of the period. Carter's social standing is discussed, both in its local context and in relation to previous probate inventory analyses. This micro-study sheds unusual light upon aspects of the life of a 'middling sort' of person, living in a thriving market town in close proximity to London, at the beginning of the consumer age.

MODELING THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN FROM MEDIUM TO HIGH RESOLUTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Gabioux ◽  
Vladimir Santos da Costa ◽  
Joao Marcos Azevedo Correia de Souza ◽  
Bruna Faria de Oliveira ◽  
Afonso De Moraes Paiva
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Surface Relaxation ◽  
The South ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Set Up

Results of the basic model configuration of the REMO project, a Brazilian approach towards operational oceanography, are discussed. This configuration consists basically of a high-resolution eddy-resolving, 1/12 degree model for the Metarea V, nested in a medium-resolution eddy-permitting, 1/4 degree model of the Atlantic Ocean. These simulations performed with HYCOM model, aim for: a) creating a basic set-up for implementation of assimilation techniques leading to ocean prediction; b) the development of hydrodynamics bases for environmental studies; c) providing boundary conditions for regional domains with increased resolution. The 1/4 degree simulation was able to simulate realistic equatorial and south Atlantic large scale circulation, both the wind-driven and the thermohaline components. The high resolution simulation was able to generate mesoscale and represent well the variability pattern within the Metarea V domain. The BC mean transport values were well represented in the southwestern region (between Vitória-Trinidade sea mount and 29S), in contrast to higher latitudes (higher than 30S) where it was slightly underestimated. Important issues for the simulation of the South Atlantic with high resolution are discussed, like the ideal place for boundaries, improvements in the bathymetric representation and the control of bias SST, by the introducing of a small surface relaxation. In order to make a preliminary assessment of the model behavior when submitted to data assimilation, the Cooper & Haines (1996) method was used to extrapolate SSH anomalies fields to deeper layers every 7 days, with encouraging results.

Islamic Monuments as Christian Trophies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Urquízar-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Chronicles ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Rodrigo Jimenez De Rada ◽  
The Way

Chapter 3 approaches the notion of trophy through historical accounts of the Christianization of the Córdoba and Seville Islamic temples in the thirteenth-century and the late-fifteenth-century conquest of Granada. The first two examples on Córdoba and Seville are relevant to explore the way in which medieval chronicles (mainly Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada and his entourage) turned the narrative of the Christianization of mosques into one of the central topics of the restoration myth. The sixteenth-century narratives about the taking of the Alhambra in Granada explain the continuity of this triumphal reading within the humanist model of chorography and urban eulogy (Lucius Marineus Siculus, Luis de Mármol Carvajal, and Francisco Bermúdez de Pedraza).

Anthology of texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Don Juan ◽  
Alfonso X ◽  
Conde Lucanor ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
General Estoria

This short anthology contains extracts from three Castilian prose texts, one from the second half of the thirteenth century (General estoria IV of Alfonso X the Wise), one from the first half of the fourteenth century (El conde Lucanor of don Juan Manuel), and one from near the mid-point of the fifteenth century (Atalaya de las corónicas of Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, Arcipreste de Talavera). These passages illustrate in context many of the phonological, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features of medieval Hispano-Romance described in the body of this book. A linguistic commentary discussing relevant forms and constructions, as well as the meaning of lexical items no longer used or employed with different meanings in modern Spanish, with cross references to the appropriate sections in the five main chapters, accompanies each selection.

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