Interpreting Seventeenth-Century Probate Documents: John Carter, Master Carpenter in St Albans

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Jane Harris ◽  
Pat Howe
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Market Town ◽  
Consumer Age

This is a study of a successful seventeenth-century carpenter in St Albans, John Carter, using probate and other documents, assisted by a large-scale computer database of St Albans residents of the period. Sections of the article cover his family, his work and his house and its contents, which have been reconstructed from his probate inventory and from knowledge of the structure of other local houses of the period. Carter's social standing is discussed, both in its local context and in relation to previous probate inventory analyses. This micro-study sheds unusual light upon aspects of the life of a 'middling sort' of person, living in a thriving market town in close proximity to London, at the beginning of the consumer age.

From Self-Defense to an Instrument of War: Dutch Privateering Around the Malay Peninsula in the Early Seventeenth Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borschberg
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Indian Company ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Company Directors

Abstract This article examines the transition of the Dutch East Indian Company (VOC) from a policy of self-defense into its full espousal of large-scale privateering and plundering. I argue that this shift was driven by both economic and political factors, and can be traced to the very formation of the Company as a unified trading venture. The taking of prizes became a cornerstone not only of the economic fortunes of the company, but the establishment of the Dutch colonial empire in Asia. Of particular interest is not only the instructions emanating from the company directors and the Dutch government in the metropolis, but especially the implementation and adaptation of these directives on the ground. It is this local context that adds a crucial dimension to interpretations of the eager espousal of maritime violence by the VOC and its agents in Asian waters.

scholarly journals A therapeutic vascular conduit to support in vivo cell-secreted therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward X. Han ◽  
Hong Qian ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Maria Figetakis ◽  
Natalia Kosyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

AbstractA significant barrier to implementation of cell-based therapies is providing adequate vascularization to provide oxygen and nutrients. Here we describe an approach for cell transplantation termed the Therapeutic Vascular Conduit (TVC), which uses an acellular vessel as a scaffold for a hydrogel sheath containing cells designed to secrete a therapeutic protein. The TVC can be directly anastomosed as a vascular graft. Modeling supports the concept that the TVC allows oxygenated blood to flow in close proximity to the transplanted cells to prevent hypoxia. As a proof-of-principle study, we used erythropoietin (EPO) as a model therapeutic protein. If implanted as an arteriovenous vascular graft, such a construct could serve a dual role as an EPO delivery platform and hemodialysis access for patients with end-stage renal disease. When implanted into nude rats, TVCs containing EPO-secreting fibroblasts were able to increase serum EPO and hemoglobin levels for up to 4 weeks. However, constitutive EPO expression resulted in macrophage infiltration and luminal obstruction of the TVC, thus limiting longer-term efficacy. Follow-up in vitro studies support the hypothesis that EPO also functions to recruit macrophages. The TVC is a promising approach to cell-based therapeutic delivery that has the potential to overcome the oxygenation barrier to large-scale cellular implantation and could thus be used for a myriad of clinical disorders. However, a complete understanding of the biological effects of the selected therapeutic is absolutely essential.

Aquaculture in North America: An Assessment of Future Prospects

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Simple Technology

The farming of aquatic environments is already a large-scale world enterprise involving relatively simple technology, but aquacultural production in North America is only a small part of the world total. Aquaculture is only economically rewarding where high rates of production over a long growing period can be coupled with close proximity to large markets in which there are few cheap alternative sources of protein. Much of North American aquaculture is aimed at meeting demands of recreational fishermen rather than as a way of producing food. There are many opportunities for development of aquaculture in North America and it seems reasonable to project substantial increases in production in the next two decades.Key words: aquaculture, geographical location, North America, future prospects, economics

scholarly journals Low sperm to egg ratio required for successful in vitro fertilisation in a pair-spawning teleost, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ramos-Júdez ◽  
Wendy Ángela González-López ◽  
Jhons Huayanay Ostos ◽  
Noemí Cota Mamani ◽  
Carlos Marrero Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Close Proximity

AbstractCultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) breeders fail to spawn fertilised eggs and this bottleneck could be solved with the implementation of large-scale in vitro fertilisation protocols. However, low production of poor-quality sperm has frustrated the development of in vitro fertilisation protocols. Cultured females were induced to ovulate with a 5 µg kg-1 single injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and good quality eggs (82.6 ± 9.2% fertilisation) were stripped 41:57 ± 1:46 h after the injection. Sperm was collected from cultured males, diluted in modified Leibovitz and used fresh to fertilise the eggs. A non-linear regression, an exponential rise to a maximum (R = 0.93, P < 0.0001) described the number of motile spermatozoa required to fertilise a viable egg and 1617 motile spermatozoa were sufficient to fertilise 99 ± 12% (± 95% CI) of viable eggs. Similar, spermatozoa egg-1 ratios of 592 ± 611 motile spermatozoa egg-1 were used in large-scale in vitro fertilisations with 190,512 ± 38,471 eggs. The sperm from a single male (145 ± 50 µL or 8.0 ± 6.8 × 108 spermatozoa) was used to fertilise the eggs. The mean hatching rate of the large-scale in vitro fertilisations was 70 ± 14 % to provide 131,540 ± 34,448 larvae per fertilisation. When unfertilised eggs were stored at room temperature the percentage of viable eggs decreased gradually and indicated the sooner eggs were fertilised after stripping the higher the viability of the eggs. The collection of sperm directly into a syringe containing modified Leibovitz significantly increased the percentage of motile spermatozoa (33.4 ± 12.2 %) compared to dilution in modified Leibovitz immediately after collection (6.6 ± 4.9 %). Senegalese sole have a pair-spawning reproductive behaviour characterised by external gamete fertilisation in close proximity with no sperm competition. The low spermatozoa egg-1 ratio required for maximum fertilisation was consistent with this reproductive behaviour and strategy. The provision of a large-scale in vitro fertilisation protocol (200 µL of sperm per 100 mL of eggs) will enable the industry to operate sustainably and implement breeding programs to improve production.

Residency and movement dynamics of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) after a translocation event

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Linnane ◽  
Shane Penny ◽  
Peter Hawthorne ◽  
Matthew Hoare
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Translocation Event ◽  
South West ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Almost All

Previous movement studies on the southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) have all involved releasing tagged animals at the point of capture. In 2007, 5298 lobsters, in total, were tagged and translocated from an offshore site (>100-m depth) to two inshore sites (<20-m depth) in South Australia. After a period of 735 days, 510 (9.6%) had been recaptured. The majority of translocated lobsters were located within close proximity to the release points, with 306 (60%) having moved <5km. Of the remainder, 133 (26%) were recaptured within 5–10km, with a further 71 (14%) individuals having moved >10km. Movement patterns were highly directional in nature, with individuals consistently travelling in a south-west bearing, regardless of distance moved. In almost all cases, movement was from inshore to offshore sites, with female lobsters travelling significantly further (mean 5.66km ±6.41s.d.) than males (mean 5.02km ±9.66s.d.). The results are consistent with previous large-scale tagging studies of J. edwardsii, which indicated high residency levels but with occasional directed movement by some individuals.

Digital Biomarkers for supporting transitional care decisions: Protocol for a transnational feasibility study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Petsani ◽  
Sara Ahmed ◽  
Vasileia Petronikolou ◽  
Eva Kehayia ◽  
Mika Alastalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transitional Care ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Digital Biomarkers

BACKGROUND VITALISE is a H2020 project that aims to harmonize Living Lab procedures and facilitate the access to European Health and Wellbeing research infrastructures. In this context, this study presents a joint research activity (JRA) that will be conducted within VITALISE, in transitional care domain, in order to test and validate the harmonized Living Lab procedures and infrastructures. The collection of data from various sources (ICT, clinical and patient reported outcome measures) demonstrated capacity to assess risk and support decision during care transitions but there is no harmonized way of combining this information. OBJECTIVE This study primarily aims to evaluate the feasibility and benefit of collecting multichannel data across Living Labs on the topic of transitional care and to harmonize the data processes and collection. Secondly, we aim to investigate the collection and use of digital biomarkers and explore initial patterns in the data that demonstrate the potential to predict transition outcomes such as readmissions and adverse events. METHODS The current research protocol presents a multi-center, prospective, observational cohort study that will consist of three phases, running consecutively in multiple sites: a co-creation phase, a testing and simulation phase and a transnational pilot phase. The co-creation phase aims to build a common understanding among different sites, investigate the differences of hospitalization discharge management among countries and the willingness of different stakeholders to use technological solutions in the transitional care process. The testing and simulation phase aims to explore ways of integrating observation of a patient’s clinical condition, patient involvement and discharge education in transitional care. The objective of the simulation phase is to evaluate the feasibility and the barriers that are faced by a healthcare professional in assessing transition readiness. The transnational pilot phase takes input from co-creation and testing and stimulation phase. The aim is to pilot the already designed activities from previous phases and collect data to conduct a first predictive analysis. RESULTS The co-creation phase will be completed by April 2022. The testing and simulation phase will begin in September 2022 and will partially overlap with the deployment of the transnational pilot phase that will start the same month. The data collection of the transnational pilots will be finalized by the end of June 2023. Data processing is expected to be completed by March 2024. The results will consist of guidelines and implementation pathway for large scale study and the analysis for identifying initial patterns in the acquired data. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge acquired though this research will lead to harmonized procedures and data collection for Living Labs that support transitions in care. In addition, this research contributes to the increase in capacity to perform Big Data analytics while accounting for each local context and across Living Labs.

Historical Research and Directions of French Royal Expansion in 16th — 17th Centuries

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Pavel Uvarov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scale Transformations

In the seventeenth century, the search for the “forgotten” rights of the king were an important aid in organizing French expansion, mainly in the eastern and northeastern directions. At the sovereign courts of Lorraine, Alsace and Franche-Comté “chambers of annexations” (chambres d’annexion) were created in 1680 to organize search for archival documents supporting royal claims to neighboring lands. The idea of creating special institutions engaged in the search for documents revealing the precedents of relations with other countries and forgotten rights, that French king had supposedly enjoyed in those parts, was expressed back during the reign of Henry II. In 1556, Raoul Spifame, a lawyer at the Paris Parliament, published a book consisting of fictitious royal decrees, of which many would be implemented in the future. Among other things he ordered, on behalf of the king, the creation of thirty chambers, each specializing in the search for documents in the “treasury of charters” relating to a particular province. He had determined the composition of these chambers, the procedure for work and the form of reporting, — all this in order to arm the king with knowledge of his forgotten rights and the content of antique treaties and agreements. The nomenclature of “provincial chambers” is especially interesting, from the Chambers of Scotland and England to the Chamber of Tunisia and Africa, as well as the Chamber of Portugal and the New Lands. Much more attention was attracted by those lands to which a century later the French expansion would be directed: Franche-Comté, Artois and Flanders, Lorraine, the Duchy of Cleves. But more than half of chambers specialized in the Italian lands. This is not surprising, since in the 1550s France was entering the climax of the Italian Wars. Under Henry II (1547—1559) one of the four secretaries of state, Jean du Thier, was the person responsible for the southwestern direction of French policy. There is reason to believe that Spifame was associated with du Thier or with other members of the king’s “reform headquarters”. The large-scale transformations already at work were interrupted by the unexpected death of Henry II and the subsequent Wars of Religion. But continuity was inherent in the “spirit of the laws” of the Ancien Régime, so Spifame was able to predict future developments, including the creation of “chambers of annexation”.

Influence of underground mass explosion on protected objects of the industrial site in case of collapse of the interstory whole

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-382
Author(s):  
V. A. Kutuev ◽  
S. N. Zharikov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Seismic Stability ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Seismic Vibrations ◽  
Seismic Impact

Within the boundaries of the mining branch of JSC Kyshtymsky MCC the underground large-scale blast was made to cave in the interstorey pillar with the maximum explosive weight 963 kg at the spacing stage. The Institute of Mining of Ural Branch of RAS has received a task to study the seismic impact of the underground large-scale blast on the protected objects of the industrial site of Kyshtymsky underground mine located in the close proximity to the sites of blast works. The aim of the work is to determine the seismic stability of grounds on sites of the protected objects and the permissible values of vibration velocities for buildings of JSC Kyshtymsky MCC. It is also necessary to determine the permissible distances from the blast to the protected objects for 5 engineering-geological elements on the basis of physical and mechanical properties of deposit rocks. On the basis of the initial data, according to the method of the Institute of Mining of Ural Branch of RAS, the authors have performed a complex of calculations of seismic stability of grounds on sites of the objects to determine the permissible values of vibration velocities for buildings of JSC Kyshtymsky MCC. The authors have also performed a multiversion calculation of permissible distances from the blast to the protected objects for 5 engineering-geological elements (EGE) depending on the the explosive weight at the spacing stage, the coefficient of ground conditions and the permissible velocity of seismic vibrations. As a result of comparison of the calculated values and experimental measurements, the recommendations have been given to establish the limitation of the explosive weight at the spacing stage to the level of minimum hazardous values during the large-scale blasts in the underground mine.

The administration of military welfare in Kent, 1642–79

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-191
Author(s):  
Hannah Worthen
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Military Action ◽  
Justices Of The Peace

In October 1642 Parliament made a commitment to financially support soldiers who had been wounded in their service as well as the widows of those who had been killed. The administration of military welfare was the responsibility of the Justices of the Peace at each county’s Quarter Sessions and this chapter will examine the process in Kent. This county did not experience large scale military action until 1648 and yet it was profoundly affected by the events of the mid-seventeenth century and witnessed loss and division within its own borders throughout the 1640s. This chapter will present evidence taken from Quarter Sessions records in order to discuss who received pensions in Kent and what impact local and national politics had on the administration of that relief.

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