Excavations in York, 1972–1973: First Interim Report

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Addyman ◽  
P. C. Buckland ◽  
E. King ◽  
S. Coll ◽  
C. Heighway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
South West

SummaryThe first year's campaign of rescue excavations by York Archaeological Trust is described. A sewer and part of a substantial building, perhaps the baths, were located within the Roman legionary fortress, and the sequence of defensive ditches on the south-west front was examined. Extra-mural settlement near the fortress was also examined in two places. Four small trenches in the heart of Anglo-Scandinavian York revealed 10 m of deposits including a post-Roman sequence giving a stratified series of timber buildings with C14 dates, ceramics, and artefacts. Well-preserved biological materials revealed in detail the palaeoecology of the buildings and immediate area. The development of riverside properties in Skeldergate was investigated: the land between Skeldergate and the Ouse proved to have been a late medieval reclamation. Part of the medieval suburb of Newbiggin was examined outside Monk Bar. The Hospital of St. Mary in the Horsefair was found at Union Terrace, where a twelfth- or early thirteenth-century building was traced through various phases of alteration and addition for use as a Carmelite church, as a hospital, and finally as a school which survived until the seventeenth century.

Fluctuations in the herring and pilchard fisheries of devon and cornwall linked to change in climate since the 16th century

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward ◽  
G. T. Boalch ◽  
Linda Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
South Coast ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Scientific data from the last 100 years are combined with primary and secondary historical information on the fisheries to summarize changes in the relative abundance of pilchards and herrings in the south-west in the last 400 years. The fluctuations in the two species are compared with recorded and inferred annual mean temperatures over the period. Pilchards are more abundant and extend farther to the east when the climate is warmer, as from 1590 to 1640 and from 1930 to 1960. In cooler times, as in the second half of the seventeenth century, herrings are more abundant while the pilchard fishery occurs later in the year and is restricted to west Cornwall. Lesser changes in the relative abundance of the two species and the timing of the fishery along the south coast of Devon and Cornwall in the intervening periods between these extremes accord fairly well with smaller fluctuations in climate. It is presumed that in addition to direct effects on reproduction and behaviour, changes in climate can indirectly influence the relative competitive advantage of the species through alterations in the associated ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Old Navarino fortification (Palaiokastro) at Pylos (Greece). Adaptation to early artillery

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xeni Simou
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The South ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Strategic Role

Old Navarino fortification (Palaiokastro) is located on the promontory supervising the naturally endowed Navarino-bay at the south-western foot of Peloponnese peninsula, near the contemporary city of Pylos. The cliff where it is built and where ancient relics lie, was fortified by Frankish in the thirteenth century. The fortification though knows significant alterations firstly by Serenissima Republic of Venice from the fifteenth century that aims to dominate the naval routes of Eastern Mediterranean by establishing a system of coastal fortifications and later by the Ottomans after the conquest of Venice’s possessions at Messenia in 1500. Between fifteenth and seventeenth century, apart from important modifications at the initial enceinte of the northern Upper City, the most notable transformation of Old Navarino is the construction of the new Lower fortification area at the south and the southern outwork ending up to the coastline. Especially the Lower fortification is a sample of multiple and large-scale successive alterations for the adjustment to technological advances of artillery (fortification walls reinforcement, modification of tower-bastions, early casemates, gate complex enforcements). The current essay focuses on the study of these specific elements of the early artillery period and the examination of Old Navarino’s strategic role at the time of transition before the adaptation of “bastion-front” fortification patterns, such as those experimented in the design of the fortified city of New Navarino, constructed at the opposite side of the Navarino gulf by the Ottomans (1573).

Present and future horizons for Irish English

English Today ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
South West ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
Initial Settlement

The English language was first taken to Ireland in the late twelfth century and enjoyed a modest position in late medieval Irish society, a position which betrayed no sign of the later dominance of English in Ireland as in so many countries to which the language was taken during the period of English colonialism. The fate of the English language after initial settlement was determined by the existence of Irish and Anglo-Norman as widely spoken languages in the country. Irish was the continuation of forms of Celtic taken to Ireland in the first centuries BCE and the native language of the great majority of the population at the time settlers from Britain first arrived in Ireland. Anglo-Norman was the form of French used by the nobility in England and particularly in the marches of south and south-west Wales, the region from which the initial settlers in the south-east of Ireland came.

The Abbotts and Their Book: A Dynasty of Decorative Plasterers and Their Work in Devon, c. 1580-1727

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 285-320
Author(s):  
Jenny Saunt
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
South West ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Design And Production

ABSTRACTThe 'Abbott Book' is a seventeenth-century pocketbook of over three hundred pages of drawings and notes on decorative plaster and paint made by members of the Abbott family of Devonshire. It has a long and contested history. From the 1920s through to the 1950s, it was given sixteenth-century origins and described as a compilation made by several generations of the Abbott family. During this period, the book's drawings were used to attribute much sixteenth- and seventeenth-century decorative plaster in the south-west of England to the Abbott dynasty of plasterers. Then, through the 1980s and 1990s, the Abbott story was revisited and dramatically revised. The book was declared a post-1660 work and previous notions of several generations of Abbotts creating it were dispelled. The whole work was reattributed to one man, John Abbott, who was born in 1642 and died in 1727. As a result, plasterwork across the south-west was reattributed to an anonymous 'Devon School' of plasterers and, with its new and dramatically shortened lifespan, the book's usefulness as a source for the broader practices of plasterwork in the period was diminished. Using new evidence relating to watermarks, the genealogy of the Abbotts, the plasterwork they produced and the print sources they used for drawings in the book, this article rewrites the Abbott Book story. It restores the notion that the pocketbook was used by several different members of the Abbott family — at least three and possibly four — over the 150 years between c. 1580 and 1727. By providing a logic and a timeline for its complex compilation pattern, it allows the drawings in the book to shed new light on the design and production processes of seventeenth-century plasterwork not just in Devon, but also in England as a whole.

A Thirteenth-Century Stirrup and Storage-Jar from Rabley Heath, Herts.

1939 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
H. C. Andrews ◽  
G. C. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Edge ◽  
And Storage

The iron stirrup and pottery vessel recorded here were found at Rabley Heath, Hertfordshire, in September 1938. Rabley Heath is a heath only in name, for to-day it is divided into fields interspersed with much woodland. It is situated about a mile south of Knebworth and two miles north of Welwyn, at an altitude of less than 600 ft.; the soil is Boulderclay overlying the chalk. To the south-west the land falls to the Mimram valley, and in the opposite direction to the southern end of the Hitchin Gap which cuts through the extension of the Chiltern Hills along the north edge of Hertfordshire.

Plague, Covenants, and Confession: The Strange Case of Ayr, 1647–8

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Brock
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Coast ◽  
Religious Radicalism ◽  
The Town

This article explores a remarkable series of communal confessions that occurred in Ayr in response to the arrival of the plague in 1647, asking what this previously overlooked episode reveals about the local identities forged amid the national turmoil of the mid-seventeenth century. When the disease struck the bustling port on the south-west coast, Ayr had already cemented a reputation for political and religious radicalism, and the town was engaged in on-going defence of the covenants of 1638 and 1643. The minister at the time, William Adair, was a committed presbyterian in the early days of his forty-four-year career in the parish. Faced with the plague and its potential for devastation, Adair led his congregation in a week-long series of public, collective confessions, the details of which were meticulously recorded in the kirk session minutes. Though covenanter identity is often framed as a political and national endeavour, this article argues that the events in Ayr constitute an extraordinary yet widely relevant example of covenanter ‘self-fashioning’ as a fundamentally local, communal process.

The King's High Table at the Palace of Westminster

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 197-243
Author(s):  
Mark Collins ◽  
Phillip Emery ◽  
Christopher Phillpotts ◽  
Mark Samuel ◽  
Christopher Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Engineering Work ◽  
Original Table ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Courts

Archaeological and engineering work that took place in Westminster Hall in 2005–6 led to the discovery of further remains of the King's High Table, to add to those discovered in 1960. The Purbeck marble table stood at the south end of the hall from the thirteenth century to the seventeenth century and was the focus and symbol of English monarchy, serving particular roles in coronation feasts and in the development of the law courts. This paper suggests a reconstruction of the original table and its later extensions from the recovered fragments, and reviews the evidence for the construction, usage and destruction of the table in the context of the evolution of the hall and the palace, tracing its history through to its recent rediscovery and exhibition.

Excavations at Winchester, 1969: Eighth interim report

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
South West ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
East End

SummaryFive sites were excavated in 1969. At Castle Yard the pre-Roman and Roman defences were examined and a large salient discovered at the south-west corner of the Roman walled town. A Saxon street and its buildings lying within this salient were found buried below the castle earthworks of 1067, and the early development of the castle was investigated. At Lankhills sixty fourth-century graves were excavated, four producing evidence of an alien military element in the late Roman town. Further evidence of this alien element was found at the Cathedral Green, and together with earlier discoveries, suggests the presence of a Germanic garrison. The excavation of the Old Minster was completed by the examination of the east end of the seventh-century church, and by the discovery of a west-work of continental type consecrated in 980. At Lower Brook Street four houses and other structures of the mid twelfth to mid thirteenth century were excavated, one property being devoted entirely to cloth finishing with a rack-ground and dye-house. Three phases of St. Mary's Church were examined and the latest stage of St. Pancras' Church uncovered. At Wolvesey Palace the west hall can be dated to c. 1110. The lead-piped water-supply of the palace was investigated, its first stage belonging to the early twelfth century. Excavation continues.

Excavations at South Cadbury Castle, 1968: A Summary Report

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Alcock
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Summary Report ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

SummaryContinued excavations at South Cadbury in July-August 1968 discovered Early Neolithic pottery and flints beneath the Iron Age ramparts and thereby hinted at a 20-acre embanked settlement. Four or five structural phases were revealed in the Iron Age ramparts themselves, the first a timber-revetted bank, the second a stone-faced wall, and the later ones more indeterminate. Within the defences storage-pits, circular houses, and a possible shrine were explored. Wall-trenches for a prefabricated rectangular building may mark a brief Roman military occupation, and the trench for one wall of a probable fifth—sixth century A.D. building was also discovered. Examination of the later phases of the south-west gate showed that a well-built Æthelredan entrance had been savagely slighted, probably under Cnut, and had then been overlaid by a crude drystone gate. Finally, on the summit was found a rock-cut foundation trench of the twelfth or thirteenth century, apparently for a projected castle.

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