scholarly journals Human capital depreciation and job tasks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Walter ◽  
Jeong-Dong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Core Skill ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Capital Depreciation ◽  
Mincer Equation ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
Using Data

This research aims to investigate the link between human capital depreciation and job tasks, with an emphasis on potential differences between education levels. We estimate an extended Mincer equation based on Neumann and Weiss’s (1995) model using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The results show that human capital gained from higher education levels depreciates at a faster rate than other human capital. Moreover, the productivity-enhancing value of education diminishes faster in jobs with a high share of non-routine analytical, non-routine manual, and routine cognitive tasks. These jobs are characterized by more frequent changes in core-skill or technology-skill requirements. The key implication of this research is that education should focus on equipping workers with more general skills in all education levels. With ongoing technological advances, work environments, and with it, skill demands will change, increasing the importance to provide educational and lifelong learning policies to counteract the depreciation of skills. The study contributes by incorporating a task perspective based on the classification used in works on job polarization. This allows a comparison with studies on job obsolescence due to labor-replacing technologies and enables combined education and labor market policies to address the challenges imposed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Knowledge Obsolescence and Women’s Occupational Sorting: New Evidence from Citation Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda McFarland ◽  
Sarah Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Citation Data ◽  
College Majors ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Capital Depreciation ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Occupational Sorting ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Occupational sorting now is one of the main drivers of the gender wage gap. Differential rates of human capital depreciation, or knowledge obsolescence, have been put forward as one potential explanation. This paper provides new evidence on this relationship using a dataset on academic citations constructed by the authors. The dataset covers numerous fields and decades, making it a more recent and comprehensive measure of human capital depreciation. Using data on occupations from the ACS we find that higher rates of knowledge obsolescence are associated with reductions in women’s presence in a field. We also find that knowledge obsolescence reduces female presence in college majors at the undergraduate level.

Human capital depreciation and education level

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Weber
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Depreciation ◽  
General Skills ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Specific Education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between human capital depreciation and education level, with an emphasis on potential differences between general and specific education. Design/methodology/approach – A nonlinear wage equation, based on Arrazola and de Hevia's (2004) model, is estimated using data from the Swiss Labor Force Survey (SLFS) over the period 1998-2008, in order to estimate a human capital depreciation rate for several education groups. Findings – Human capital depreciation is significantly related to education type. Academic (“concept-based”) education protects workers more effectively against depreciation than vocational (“skill-specific”) education. Research limitations/implications – The SLFS survey is a rotating panel of five years and no retrospective data on earnings and employment are provided. A study of lifecycle earnings like the one proposed here would clearly benefit from a longer individual observation period. Practical implications – In all educational tracks, even vocational ones, a substantial time share should be devoted to the acquisition of general skills. Moreover, it is necessary to manage lifelong learning carefully in order not to waste initial investments in education. Originality/value – Instead of using a purely quantitative approach to separate workers by years of education, qualitative aspects of educational system are taken into account. Taking advantage of the Swiss educational system characteristics, workers are separated on the basis of their education type. Workers with vocational education (apprenticeships, professional and technical schools and universities of applied sciences) are assumed to possess a relatively specific human capital, compared to those with academic education (high schools and universities).

Rediseñando las Organizaciones del Futuro. El impacto de la transformación digital en el mundo del trabajo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-226
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Piñeyro Prins ◽  
Guadalupe E. Estrada Narvaez
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Way

We are witnessing how new technologies are radically changing the design of organizations, the way in which they produce and manage both their objectives and their strategies, and -above all- how digital transformation impacts the people who are part of it. Even today in our country, many organizations think that digitalizing is having a presence on social networks, a web page or venturing into cases of success in corporate social intranet. Others begin to invest a large part of their budget in training their teams and adapting them to the digital age. But given this current scenario, do we know exactly what the digital transformation of organizations means? It is necessary? Implying? Is there a roadmap to follow that leads to the success of this process? How are organizations that have been born 100% digital from their business conception to the way of producing services through the use of platforms? What role does the organizational culture play in this scenario? The challenge of the digital transformation of businesses and organizations, which is part of the paradigm of the industrial revolution 4.0, is happening here and now in all types of organizations, whether are they private, public or third sector. The challenge to take into account in this process is to identify the digital competences that each worker must face in order to accompany these changes and not be left out of it. In this sense, the present work seeks to analyze the main characteristics of the current technological advances that make up the digital transformation of organizations and how they must be accompanied by a digital culture and skills that allow their successful development. In order to approach this project, we will carry out an exploratory research, collecting data from the sector of new actors in the world of work such as employment platforms in its various areas (gastronomy, delivery, transportation, recreation, domestic service, etc) and an analysis of the main technological changes that impact on the digital transformation of organizations in Argentina.

scholarly journals Human Capital Disparities and Earnings Inequality in The Portuguese Private Labour Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick R. C. Almeida ◽  
João A. S. Andrade ◽  
Adelaide Duarte ◽  
Marta Simões
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis paper examines human capital inequality and how it relates to earnings inequality in Portugal using data from Quadros de Pessoal for the period 1986–2017. The objective is threefold: (i) show how the distribution of human capital has evolved over time; (ii) investigate the association between human capital inequality and earnings inequality; and (iii) analyse the role of returns to schooling, together with human capital inequality, in the explanation of earnings inequality. Our findings suggest that human capital inequality, computed based on the distribution of average years of schooling of employees working in the Portuguese private labour market, records a positive trend until 2007 and decreases from this year onwards, suggesting the existence of a Kuznets curve of education relating educational attainment levels and education inequality. Based on the decomposition of a Generalized Entropy index (Theil N) for earnings inequality, we observe that inequality in the distribution of human capital plays an important role in the explanation of earnings inequality, although this role has become less important over the last decade. Using Mincerian earnings regressions to estimate the returns to schooling together with the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of real hourly earnings we confirm that there are two important forces associated with the observed decrease in earnings inequality: a reduction in education inequality and compressed returns to schooling, mainly in tertiary education.

The Contact Diffusion of Linguistic Practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Bohnemeyer ◽  
Katharine T. Donelson ◽  
Randi E. Moore ◽  
Elena Benedicto ◽  
Alyson Eggleston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Diffusion Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame ◽  
Using Data

We examine the extent to which practices of language use may be diffused through language contact and areally shared, using data on spatial reference frame use by speakers of eight indigenous languages from in and around the Mesoamerican linguistic area and three varieties of Spanish. Regression models show that the frequency of L2-Spanish use by speakers of the indigenous languages predicts the use of relative reference frames in the L1 even when literacy and education levels are accounted for. A significant difference in frame use between the Mesoamerican and non-Mesoamerican indigenous languages further supports the contact diffusion analysis.

Interpreting the industry 4.0 future: technology, business, society and people

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Schiele ◽  
Anna Bos-Nehles ◽  
Vincent Delke ◽  
Peter Stegmaier ◽  
Robbert-Jan Torn
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Tool Set ◽  
Strategy Design

Purpose Industrial revolutions have been induced by technological advances, but fundamentally changed business and society. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the fourth industrial revolution (I4.0) and derive guidelines for business strategy, it is, therefore, necessary to explore it as a multi-facet phenomenon. Most literature on I4.0, however, takes up a predominantly technical view. This paper aims to report on a project discussing a holistic view on I4.0 and its implications, covering technology, business, society and people. Design/methodology/approach Two consecutive group discussions in form of academic world cafés have been conducted. The first workshop gathered multi-disciplinary experts from academia, whose results were further validated in a subsequent workshop including industry representatives. A voting procedure was used to capture participants perspectives. Findings The paper develops a holistic I4.0 vision, focusing on five core technologies, their business potential, societal requests and people implications. Based on the model a checklist has been developed, which firms can use a tool to analyze their firm’s situation and draft their industry 4.0 business strategy. Originality/value Rather than focusing on technology alone – which by itself is unlikely to make up for a revolution – this research integrates the entire system. In this way, a tool-set for strategy design results.

The Effects of the Expansion of For-Profit Colleges on Student Enrollments and Outcomes at Community Colleges

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela Soliz
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This study is the first large-scale examination of the impact of for-profit colleges on the enrollment and outcomes of students at other postsecondary institutions. Using data primarily from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and a differences-in-differences approach, I estimate the effect of a new for-profit college opening on community college enrollments and degree completions, as well as county education levels. My results suggest that community college enrollments and degree completions do not decline when a new degree-granting for-profit college opens nearby. Furthermore, I find evidence that the county-level production of short- and long-term certificates increases after a new for-profit college opens, though the number of associate’s degrees does not increase. This evidence should serve to broaden conversations about the role of for-profit colleges in the larger landscape of the American higher education system.

Does Salaried Status Affect Human Capital Accumulation?

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon E. Haber ◽  
Robert S. Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
Hourly Workers ◽  
Using Data

Human capital studies do not usually consider whether an individual is paid an hourly wage or a salary. The authors of this paper develop a conceptual framework that explains why some workers are paid salaries and predicts that salaried workers will invest more in human capital than will hourly workers. In particular, this prediction hinges on the differing effort incentives facing hourly and salaried workers, and their employers, in jobs that are paced versus unpaced. Empirical evidence supporting this prediction and other hypotheses implied by the proposed framework is presented using data on individuals covering a 16-month period in 1984–85 from the Bureau of Census Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a longitudinal survey.

Intellectual Capital Investment, Stakeholders' Value, Firm Market Value and Financial Performance: The Case of Tunisia Stock Exchange

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedia Fourati ◽  
Habib Affes
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Market Valuation ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of intellectual capital investment in improving the firm's market value, stakeholders' value and financial performance. Using data drawn from 21 listed companies in Tunisia Stock Exchange, we conducted two studies. On one hand, from using Charreaux (Charreaux (2006). La valeur partenariale: Vers une mesure opérationnelle. Cahier de FARGO no. 1061103, November) measure of stakeholders' value, we demonstrate that financials come to present the weakest stakeholders' value and clients monopolises in term of value acquisition due to a weak ability of negotiation of firms. On the other hand, we construct a regression model of Pulic's value added intellectual capital investment (VAIC) as the measure of the value added from intellectual capital, in market valuation and financial performance. Our results stressed the fact that there is a positive impact of intellectual capital by human capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency on improving firm's market value. Nevertheless, financial performance measured by ROA is still justified by the traditional measure relying on capital employed efficiency. Indeed for Tunisian quoted firms, human capital investment is a pilar for ameliorating firm market valuation of financial performance.

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