scholarly journals Spatial integration processes of mass housing estates. The case of Madrid.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio García-Pérez ◽  
Borja Ruiz-Apilánez Corrochano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Improvement Strategies ◽  
Housing Estates

Deprived urban areas regeneration is one of the most important challenges of our cities, which interest is recognised by International Urban Guidelines (ONU), as well as Leipzig Charter and Toledo Declaration (European Union). At this respect, systematic analysis of built city obsolescence is crucial to propose improvement strategies. In particular, mass housing estates, characteristic urban form from modern urbanism, have been detected by several studies as one of the most vulnerable urban forms. Moreover, several studies had determined the systemic nature of problems that this urban form has develop, where physical, social, and economic dimension are strongly related. The low level of spatial integration of the housing estate in the city urban structure could be one of the problems and, in part, responsible of that urban obsolescence. In addition, fifty years after its construction, the continued growth of cities sometimes has modified initial conditions and consequently study the integration evolution of mass housing estates is needed. At this sense, it has been shown that Space Syntax methodology could be a useful tool. The aim of this study is, on the one hand, study criteria to apply Space Syntax methodology to the integration evolution study, and on the other hand, know the integration processes of mass housing estates to propose improvement strategies. Methodology includes, data collection and definition of analysis scenarios adapted to Spanish dataset, Space Syntax methodology in a evolutive approach in two stages: 1970s and 2010s, and interpretation of evolution results. The methodology is tested for Madrid mass housing estates.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Ring Roads on the Location Pattern of Shops in Town and City Centres. A Space Syntax Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3927
Author(s):  
Akkelies van Nes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Location Pattern ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Centres

This contribution demonstrates how inner ring roads change the location pattern of shops in urban areas with the application of the space syntax method. A market rational behaviour persists, in that shop owners always search for an optimal location to reach as many customers as possible. If the accessibility to this optimal location is affected by changes in a city’s road and street structure, it will affect the location pattern of shops. Initially, case studies of inner ring road projects in Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton, Bristol, Tampere, and Mannheim show how their realisation affect the spatial structure of the street network of these cities and the location pattern of shops. The results of the spatial integration analyses of the street and road network are discussed with reference to changes in land-use before and after the implementation of ring roads, and current space syntax theories. As the results show, how an inner ring road is connected to and the type of the street network it is imposed upon dictates the resulting location pattern of shops. Shops locate and relocate themselves along the most spatially-integrated streets. Evidence on how new road projects influence the location pattern of shops in urban centres are useful for planning sustainable city centres.

Neighbourhood Environmental Contribution and Health. A novel indicator integrating urban form and urban green

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Zepp ◽  
Luis Inostroza ◽  
Robynne Sutcliffe ◽  
Salman Ahmed ◽  
Susanne Moebus
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Environmental Contribution ◽  
Neighbourhood Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between urban green, urban form and health remains unclear. This research explores health and urban green as well as urban structure as constituents of urban form. The objective was to develop a novel indicator (Neighbourhood Environmental Contribution, NEC) to analyse the spatial relationship between urban green and health (diabetes, mental health and self-rated health) on the neighbourhood scale. NEC performs more stably when regression models are adjusted for confounders. This suggests that better representations of urban form including the built-up structure of urban areas are promising.

scholarly journals Influence of Building Maintenance Practices on the Security of Lives and Property in Public Housing in Lagos State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2745-2751
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Perception Of Security ◽  
Housing Estates

The desire for security has continued to receive research attention globally. One of the critical aspects has been on how best to secure lives and property in residential neighbourhood in urban areas in the Global south. Although several approaches have been identified on how best to secure the home environment, less research attention has been given to the how maintenance practices can enhance security of lives and property in mass housing environments. This study investigated the influence of building maintenance practices on security of lives and property, using the Lagos State Development and Property Corporation (LSDPC) housing estates as case study. Household survey involving 1036 residents in 14 housing estates was conducted in the study area using questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and categorical regression analysis. The result shows that spaces and components of the buildings under the control of individuals and/or households were more frequently maintained than those jointly used spaces. The pruning of flowers and trees, replacement of damaged doors in the buildings and sweeping of open spaces emerged as the top three maintenance practices with the most significant influence on the residents’ perception of security of lives and property in the estates. The study implies that maintenance activities should be focused on these three aspects with more attention given to jointly owned and used spaces and facilities if security of lives and property is to be achieved in mass housing environments.

scholarly journals The heterogeneity and change in the urban structure of metropolitan areas in the United States, 1990–2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Leyk ◽  
Deborah Balk ◽  
Bryan Jones ◽  
Mark R. Montgomery ◽  
Hasim Engin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Urban Places ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWhile the population of the United States has been predominantly urban for nearly 100 years, periodic transformations of the concepts and measures that define urban places and population have taken place, complicating over-time comparisons. We compare and combine data series of officially-designated urban areas, 1990–2010, at the census block-level within Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) with a satellite-derived consistent series on built-up area from the Global Human Settlement Layer to create urban classes that characterize urban structure and provide estimates of land and population. We find considerable heterogeneity in urban form across MSAs, even among those of similar population size, indicating the inherent difficulties in urban definitions. Over time, we observe slightly declining population densities and increasing land and population in areas captured only by census definitions or low built-up densities, constrained by the geography of place. Nevertheless, deriving urban proxies from satellite-derived built-up areas is promising for future efforts to create spatio-temporally consistent measures for urban land to guide urban demographic change analysis.

scholarly journals Urban Parcel Grouping Method Based on Urban Form and Functional Connectivity Characterisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Li ◽  
Dale ◽  
Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Grouping Method ◽  
Function Discovery

The grouping of parcel data based on proximity is a pre-processing step of GIS and a key link of urban structure recognition for regional function discovery and urban planning. Currently, most literature abstracts parcels into points and clusters parcels based on their attribute similarity, which produces a large number of coarse granularity functional regions or discrete distribution of parcels that is inconsistent with human cognition. In this paper, we propose a novel parcel grouping method to optimise this issue, which considers both the urban morphology and the urban functional connectivity. Infiltration behaviours of urban components provide a basis for exploring the correlation between morphology mechanism and functional connectivity of urban areas. We measured the infiltration behaviours among adjacent parcels and concluded that the occurrence of infiltration behaviours often appears in the form of groups, which indicated the practical significance of parcel grouping. Our method employed two parcel morphology indicators: the similarity of the line segments and the compactness of the distribution. The line segment similarity was used to establish the adjacent relationship among parcels and the compactness was used to optimise the grouping result in obtain a satisfactory visual expression. In our study, constrained Delaunay triangulation, Hausdorff distance, and graph theory were employed to construct the proximity, delineate the parcel adjacency matrix, and implement the grouping of parcels. We applied this method for grouping urban parcel data of Beijing and verified the rationality of grouping results based on the quantified results of infiltration behaviours. Our method proved to take a good account of infiltration behaviours and satisfied human cognition, compared with a k-means++ method. We also presented a case using Xicheng District in Beijing to demonstrate the practicability of the method. The result showed that our method obtained fine-grained groups while ensuring functional regions-integrity.

scholarly journals Community Preferences for Urban Systems Transformation in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4749
Author(s):  
Milo Costanza-van den Belt ◽  
Tayanah O’Donnell ◽  
Robert Webb ◽  
Eleanor Robson ◽  
Robert Costanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
National Workshop ◽  
Systems Transformation

Civil society engagement is important for enabling urban systems transformations that meet community needs. The development of Future Earth Australia’s Sustainable Cities and Regions: A 10-Year Strategy for Urban Systems was underpinned by cross-sectoral workshops in 7 Australian urban areas and interviews with key stakeholders to create a shared vision of both current and desired future urban structure and policy. We then created an online survey to gauge broader community feedback on the vision which emerged from these workshops and interviews, to compare their outcomes with the views of community members who could be directly impacted by urban decision-making. The survey consisted of 35 questions, which were shaped by the issues emerging from the workshops and interviews. The sample was self-selected, and the 641 respondents represented a cross-section of individuals interested in sustainable cities. Our survey results supported and expanded on the major conclusions of FEA’s National workshop and interview processes, including the need to develop transparent and responsive decision-making processes, limit waste and pollution and develop effective housing and transport alternatives with mixed-use neighborhoods and adequate green space.

scholarly journals Urban Structure in Troubled Times: The Evolution of Principal and Secondary Core/Periphery Gaps through the Prism of Residential Land Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5722
Author(s):  
Erez Buda ◽  
Dani Broitman ◽  
Daniel Czamanski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hedonic Model ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Real Estate ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Spatial Level

The structure of modern cities is characterized by the uneven spatial distribution of people and activities. Contrary to economic theory, it is neither evenly distributed nor entirely monocentric. The observed reality is the result of various feedbacks in the context of the interactions of attraction and repulsion. Heretofore, there is no agreement concerning the means to measuring the dimensions of these interactions, nor the framework for explaining them. We propose a simple model and an associated method for testing the interactions using residential land values. We claim that land values reflect the attractiveness of each location, including its observable and unobservable characteristics. We extract land values from prices of residences by applying a dedicated hedonic model to extensive residential real estate transaction data at a detailed spatial level. The resulting land values reflect the attractiveness of each urban location and are an ideal candidate to measure the degree of centrality or peripherality of each location. Moreover, assessment of land values over time indicates ongoing centralization and peripheralization processes. Using the urban structure of a small and highly urbanized country as a test case, this paper illustrates how the dynamics of the gap between central and peripheral urban areas can be assessed.

SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF KAUNAS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SECURITY IN PUBLIC SPACES AND GREEN RECREATIONAL AREAS / KAUNO MIESTO ERDVINĖS STRUKTŪROS ĮTAKA SAUGUMUI VIEŠOSIOSE ERDVĖSE IR ŽALIOSIOSE REKREACINĖSE TERITORIJOSE

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Zaleckis ◽  
Irina Matijošaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Space Syntax Analysis ◽  
Crime Risks

In the article the influence of spatial structure on the safety of citizens in the public spaces is analyzed from the perspective of spatial determinism. The safety in green recreational areas is also discussed. Kaunas is chosen as the research polygon. Axial map of Kaunas was prepared while using both traditional method of space syntax and model of continuity lines. Method of overlapping layers was employed to combine the following data: space syntax analysis, crime, density of population, borders of the neighbourhoods, urban morphotypes, etc. The regularities of relations between spatial structure of Kaunas and higher crime risks were identified. Important conclusion is that the above mentioned regularities are stronger at the local level of urban structure. Santrauka Straipsnyje, žvelgiant iš erdvinio determinizmo pozicijų, analizuojama miesto erdvinės struktūros įtaka gyventojų saugumui viešosiose erdvėse, atskirai skiriant dėmesio ir saugumui žaliosiose rekreacinėse teritorijose. Pasirinkus Kauną kaip tyrimų poligoną, parengtas jo ašinis žemėlapis, taikant tradicinį ir tęstines linijas modeliuojantį erdvės sintaksės metodą. Taikant sluoksnių perdengimų metodą, sugretinus erdvės sintaksės tyrimų rezultatus, informaciją apie nusikalstamumą, gyventojų tankumo žemėlapį, teritorinių miesto vienetų ribas ir užstatymo morfotipus, išryškinti dėsningumai, susiejantys erdvinės miesto struktūros charakteristikas ir didesnę nusikalstamumo riziką. Nustatyti dėsningumai ryškesni kaimynysčių lygmenyje ir ne tokie ryškūs viso miesto lygmenyje.

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