scholarly journals Resilient Urban Morphology to the flood risk in the final stretch of the Girona River (Alicante province).

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Sergio Palencia Jiménez ◽  
Eric Gielen ◽  
Yaiza Pérez Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
River Flood

The Litoral-Cota 100 zone represents approximately 25% of the total area of the Region of Valencia and concentrates more than 70% of the urban area. One of the consequences of this situation has been the high urban developments produced in the last 50 years. The Comunitat Valenciana has a river flood hazard mapping, according to which, in the Litoral area, more than 80% of the flood hazard is concentrated. As a result of the experienced urban development and the extent of flooding, there is a significant number of people and property exposed to flood hazards. In order to analyze in detail the urban morphology on the coast and its interaction with floods, research has focused on the specific area of the final section of the Girona River, in the province of Alicante. Specifically, in the municipalities of Els Poblets, El Verger, Denia and Beniarbeig, located in the surroundings of the Girona River, very different urban morphologies have been generated that are not adapted to the existing flood hazard. The analysis carried out allows us to conclude that, despite the significant expansion of urban land, existing urban morphology offers ample possibilities to reduce the risk of flooding. It is proposed the integration of overflows in the built city, avoiding the consolidation of non-built land and designing particular measures on affected buildings. These measures of adaptation to the problem will generate a resilient urban morphology.   

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Water Infrastructure for River Flood Management: Part 2 – Flood Risk Assessment and Its Changes in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kwak ◽  
M. Gusyev ◽  
B. Arifuzzaman ◽  
I. Khairul ◽  
Y. Iwami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
River Flood

Abstract. A case study of Bangladesh presents a methodological possibility based on a global approach for assessing river flood risk and its changes considering flood hazard, exposure, basic vulnerability and coping capacity. This study consists of two parts in the issue of flood change: hazard assessment (Part 1) and risk assessment (Part 2). In Part 1, a hazard modeling technology was introduced and applied to the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) basin to quantify the change of 50- and 100-year flood hazards in Bangladesh under the present (1979–2003) and future (2075–2099) climates. Part 2 focuses on estimating nationwide flood risk in terms of affected people and rice crop damage due to a 50-year flood hazard identified in Part 1, and quantifying flood risk changes between the presence and absence of existing water infrastructure (i.e., embankments). To assess flood risk in terms of rice crop damage, rice paddy fields were extracted and flood stage-damage curves were created for maximum risk scenarios as a demonstration of risk change in the present and future climates. The preliminary results in Bangladesh show that a tendency of flood risk change strongly depends on the temporal and spatial dynamics of exposure and vulnerability such as distributed population and effectiveness of water infrastructure, which suggests that the proposed methodology is applicable anywhere in the world.

scholarly journals Distribution of Flood Risk Area in Bodri Watershed of Kendal Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Husna Fauzia ◽  
◽  
Eka Cahyaningsih ◽  
Hery Hariyanto ◽  
Satya Nugraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Central Java

Flooding is a catastrophic phenomenon that can occur due to various factors, such as uncontrolled landuse changes, climate change, and weather anomalies, and drainage infrastructure damage. The Bodri watershed in Kendal Regency is one of the watersheds in Central Java, which is categorized as critical based on Decree No.328/Menhut-II/2009. Some of the problems in the Bodri watershed include land use that is not suitable for its designation, flooding, erosion, and landslides. This study aims to conduct spatial modeling to create flood hazard maps and flood risk level maps in the Bodri watershed. The method used is hydrograph analysis, flood modeling, potential flood hazards, and flood risk levels. Analysis of the potential for flood hazards from the spatial modeling inundation map with the input of the flood peak return period of 2 years (Q2), 5 years (Q5), and 50 years (Q50). Vulnerability analysis based on land use maps of flood hazard areas. The distribution of flood-prone areas in the Bodri watershed is in Pidodo Kulon Village, Pidodo Wetan Village, and Bangunsari Village.

scholarly journals Assessment of Flood Hazard and Agriculture Damage Under Climate Change in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Bhakta Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Bagmati River

Assessment of flood hazard and damage is a prerequisite for flood risk management in the river basins. The mitigation plans for flood risk management are mostly evaluated in quantified terms as it is important in decision making process. Therefore, analysis of flood hazards and quantitative assessment of potential flood damage is very essential for mitigating and managing flood risk. This study focused on assessment of flood hazard and quantitative agricultural damage in the Bagmati River basin including Lal Bakaiya River basin of Nepal under climate change conditions. Flood hazards were simulated using Rainfall Runoff Inundation (RRI) model. MRI-AGCM3.2S precipitation outputs of present and future climate scenarios were used to simulate flood hazards, flood inundation depth, and duration. Flood damage was assessed in the agricultural sector, focusing on flood damage to rice crops. The flood damage assessment was conducted by defining flood damage to rice crops as a function of flood depth, duration, and growth stage of rice plants and using depth-duration-damage function curves for each growth stage of rice plants. The hazard simulation and damage assessment were conducted for 50- and 100-year return period cases. The results show that flood inundation area and agricultural damage area may increase in the future by 41.09 % and 39.05 % in the case of 50-year flood, while 44.98 % and 40.76 % in the case of 100-year flood. The sensitivity to changes in flood extent area and damage with the intensity of return period was also analyzed.

scholarly journals Assessing the susceptibility of schools to flood events in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Yousefi ◽  
Hamid Reza Pourghasemi ◽  
Sayed Naeim Emami ◽  
Omid Rahmati ◽  
Shahla Tavangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Flood Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽  
Very High

Abstract Catastrophic floods cause deaths, injuries, and property damages in communities around the world. The losses can be worse among those who are more vulnerable to exposure and this can be enhanced by communities’ vulnerabilities. People in undeveloped and developing countries, like Iran, are more vulnerable and may be more exposed to flood hazards. In this study we investigate the vulnerabilities of 1622 schools to flood hazard in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. We used four machine learning models to produce flood susceptibility maps. The analytic hierarchy process method was enhanced with distance from schools to create a school-focused flood-risk map. The results indicate that 492 rural schools and 147 urban schools are in very high-risk locations. Furthermore, 54% of rural students and 8% of urban students study schools in locations of very high flood risk. The situation should be examined very closely and mitigating actions are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Flood Hazard Assessment of the Urban Area of Tabuk City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by Integrating Spatial-Based Hydrologic and Hydrodynamic Modeling

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Abdelkarim ◽  
Ahmed Gaber ◽  
Ahmed Youssef ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Impact

This study deals with the use of remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GISs), hydrologic modeling (water modeling system, WMS), and hydraulic modeling (Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System, HEC-RAS) to evaluate the impact of flash flood hazards on the sustainable urban development of Tabuk City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Determining the impact of flood hazards on the urban area and developing alternatives for protection and prevention measures were the main aims of this work. Tabuk City is exposed to frequent flash flooding due to its location along the outlets of five major wadis. These wadis frequently carry flash floods, seriously impacting the urban areas of the city. WMS and HEC-HMS models and RS data were used to determine the paths and morphological characteristics of the wadis, the hydrographic flow of different drainage basins, flow rates and volumes, and the expansion of agricultural and urban areas from 1998 to 2018. Finally, hydraulic modeling of the HEC-RAS program was applied to delineate the urban areas that could be inundated with floodwater. Ultimately, the most suitable remedial measures are proposed to protect the future sustainable urban development of Tabuk City from flood hazards. This approach is rarely used in the KSA. We propose a novel method that could help decision-makers and planners in determining inundated flood zones before planning future urban and agricultural development in the KSA.

scholarly journals Urban Flood Hazard Modeling Using Self-Organizing Map Neural Network

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmati ◽  
Darabi ◽  
Haghighi ◽  
Stefanidis ◽  
Kornejady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Self Organizing

Floods are the most common natural disaster globally and lead to severe damage, especially in urban environments. This study evaluated the efficiency of a self-organizing map neural network (SOMN) algorithm for urban flood hazard mapping in the case of Amol city, Iran. First, a flood inventory database was prepared using field survey data covering 118 flooded points. A 70:30 data ratio was applied for training and validation purposes. Six factors (elevation, slope percent, distance from river, distance from channel, curve number, and precipitation) were selected as predictor variables. After building the model, the odds ratio skill score (ORSS), efficiency (E), true skill statistic (TSS), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were used as evaluation metrics to scrutinize the goodness-of-fit and predictive performance of the model. The results indicated that the SOMN model performed excellently in modeling flood hazard in both the training (AUC = 0.946, E = 0.849, TSS = 0.716, ORSS = 0.954) and validation (AUC = 0.924, E = 0.857, TSS = 0.714, ORSS = 0.945) steps. The model identified around 23% of the Amol city area as being in high or very high flood risk classes that need to be carefully managed. Overall, the results demonstrate that the SOMN model can be used for flood hazard mapping in urban environments and can provide valuable insights about flood risk management.

Rapid Global Exposure Assessment for Extreme River Flood Risk Under Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjoo Kwak ◽  
◽  
Yoichi Iwami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
River Flood

Globally, large-scale floods are one of the most serious disasters, considering increased frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall. This is not only a domestic problem but also an international water issue related to transboundary rivers in terms of global river flood risk assessment. The purpose of this study is to propose a rapid flood hazard model as a methodological possibility to be used on a global scale, which uses flood inundation depth and works reasonably despite low data availability. The method is designed to effectively simplify complexities involving hydrological and topographical variables in a flood risk-prone area when applied in an integrated global flood risk assessment framework. The model was used to evaluate flood hazard and exposure through pixel-based comparison in the case of extreme flood events caused by an annual maximum daily river discharge of 1/50 probability of occurrence under the condition of climate change between two periods, Present (daily data from 1980 to 2004) and Future (daily data from 2075 to 2099). As preliminary results, the maximum potential extent of inundation area and the maximum number of affected people show an upward trend in Present and Future.

scholarly journals FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT OF RIVER KABUL AND SWAT CATCHMENT AREA: DISTRICT CHARSADDA, PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W9 ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bibi ◽  
F. Nawaz ◽  
A. Abdul Rahman ◽  
K. Azahari Razak ◽  
A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Union Council ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
Index Maps ◽  
River Kabul

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Pakistan is prone to natural hazards including floods, in particular, affecting millions of people each year across the country. Patterns from recent years suggest the intensity of flooding are increasing and may continue more aggressively during the coming years because of increased magnitude of the monsoon rains and identified climatic changes in the region. Mapping of flood hazard is essential for planning and mitigation purpose. However, only flood hazard mapping is not sufficient to assess the magnitude of risk to lives and property. Risk mapping is an integral part of pre and post disaster management. Furthermore, the Earth Observation (EO) data could be helpful to update flood risk maps time to time by covering many aspects e.g. population concentration areas, critical infrastructure and commercial areas, to enhance the preparedness planning and mitigation measure against risk of flood. Pakistan has experienced the devastating flood in 2010 due to unexpected heavy rainfall in the monsoon season with enormous losses to property lives and infrastructure in several districts. The Union council Agra, District Charsadda was among the affected most districts by riverine and flash floods. Additionally, growing population in flood plains is another threat to the district. However, to cope with this situation there is immense need to detect risk index to prevent further damages caused by such floods. This study aims to prepare the hazard, vulnerability and risk index for River Kabul and Swat catchment area of union council Agra, Charsadda. the flood risk was identified, and risk index maps were prepared by executing a methodology for assessing risk, based on the physical exposure of the flood hazard, vulnerability of people, and the exposure of critical assets to flood water. Explicitly, spatial flood risk index maps were produced with the help of analytical spatial modeling by considering the areas exposed to flood hazard, morphological characteristics and socio-economic indicators. The produced flood risk maps were verified through visual examination through 3D city flood maps. Results illustrate that the areas of higher flood risk overlapped with the areas of high flood hazard along with high population density and socio-economic exposure to vulnerability.</p>

scholarly journals Environmental Inequalities in Flood Exposure: A Matter of Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Poussard ◽  
Benjamin Dewals ◽  
Pierre Archambeau ◽  
Jacques Teller
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Flood Exposure ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Riverine Floods ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Hazard Level

Studies on inequalities in exposure to flood risk have explored whether population of a lower socio-economic status are more exposed to flood hazard. While evidence exist for coastal flooding, little is known on inequalities for riverine floods. This paper addresses two issues: (1) is the weakest population, in socio-economic terms, more exposed to flood hazard, considering different levels of exposure to hazard? (2) Is the exposure to flood risk homogeneous across the territory, considering different scales of analysis? An analysis of the exposure of inhabitants of Liège province to flood risk was conducted at different scales (province, districts, and municipalities), considering three levels of exposure to flood hazard (level 1- low hazard, level 3- high hazard), and five socio-economic classes (class 1-poorest, class 5-wealthiest households). Our analysis confirms that weaker populations (classes 2 and 3) are usually more exposed to flood hazards than the wealthiest (classes 4 and 5). Still it should be stressed that the most precarious households (class 1) are less exposed than low to medium-range ones (classes 2 and 3). Further on the relation between socio-economic status and exposure to flood hazard varies along the spatial scale considered. At the district level, it appears that classes 4 and 5 are most exposed to flood risk in some peripheral areas. In municipalities located around the center of the city, differences of exposure to risk are not significant.

scholarly journals Effects of rating-curve uncertainty on probabilistic flood mapping

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 9809-9845 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Domeneghetti ◽  
S. Vorogushyn ◽  
A. Castellarin ◽  
B. Merz ◽  
A. Brath
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Flood Mapping ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Rating Curve ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Comprehensive flood risk assessment studies should quantify the global uncertainty in flood hazard estimation, for instance by mapping inundation extents together with their confidence intervals. This appears of particular importance in case of flood hazard assessments along dike-protected reaches where the possibility of occurrence of dike failures may considerably enhance the uncertainty. We present a methodology to derive probabilistic flood maps in dike-protected flood prone areas, where several sources of uncertainty are taken into account. In particular, this paper focuses on a 50 km reach of River Po (Italy) and three major sources of uncertainty in hydraulic modelling and flood mapping: uncertainties in the (i) upstream and (ii) downstream boundary conditions, and (iii) uncertainties in dike failures. Uncertainties in the definition of upstream boundary conditions (i.e. design-hydrographs) are assessed by applying different bivariate copula families to model the frequency regime of flood peaks and volumes. Uncertainties in the definition of downstream boundary conditions are characterised by associating the rating-curve used as downstream boundary condition with confidence intervals which reflect discharge measurements errors and interpolation errors. The effects of uncertainties in boundary conditions and randomness of dike failures are assessed by means of the Inundation Hazard Assessment Model (IHAM), a recently proposed hybrid probabilistic-deterministic model that considers three different failure mechanisms: overtopping, piping and micro-instability due to seepage. The results of the study show that the IHAM-based analysis enables probabilistic flood hazard mapping and provides decision makers with a fundamental piece of information for devising and implementing flood risk mitigation strategies in the presence of various sources of uncertainty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document