scholarly journals Humoral immune response to different routes of myxomatosis vaccine application

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
I. Manev ◽  
K. Genova ◽  
A. Lavazza ◽  
L. Capucci
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Monovalent Vaccine ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

The aim of our study was to monitor the dynamics of the serological response to different application routes of live attenuated myxomatosis vaccine. The study included 42 Californian breed rabbits, aged 3 mo, of both sexes. They were separated into 7 groups: 6 experimental and 1 control. All experimental groups were vaccinated on day 0 with a single dose of myxomatosis vaccine (min 10<sup>3.3</sup> tissue culture infective dose 50 [TCID<sub>50</sub>], max 10<sup>5.8</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>). Three of the groups were injected with monovalent attenuated myxomatosis vaccine using different types of application: intradermal (i.d.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.). The other 3 groups were injected with bivalent attenuated vaccine against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease; again the routes of administration were i.d., i.m. and s.c.. There were no clinical signs or serious side effects after vaccination. The serological response was evaluated on days 7, 15 and 30 with a monoclonal antibody based-competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). More rapid and potent humoral response was detected in groups with i.d. inoculation in comparison to i.m. and s.c. routes. Vaccination with monovalent vaccine against myxomatosis induced higher antibody titre in comparison to bivalent vaccine. Our study showed that the vaccine application route and the type of vaccine used influence the speed and intensity of antibody response.

scholarly journals Novel Trivalent Vectored Vaccine for Control of Myxomatosis and Disease Caused by Classical and a New Genotype of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Reemers ◽  
Leon Peeters ◽  
Joyce van Schijndel ◽  
Beth Bruton ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Vectored Vaccine ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Myxoma virus (MV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are the major causes of lethal viral diseases in the European rabbit. In 2010, a new RHDV genotype (RHDV2) emerged in the field that had limited cross-protection with the classical RHDV (RHDV1). For optimal protection of rabbits and preventing spread of disease, a vaccine providing protection against all three key viruses would be ideal. Therefore, a novel trivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine (Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS) was developed similar to the existing bivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine Nobivac Myxo-RHD. The new vaccine contains the Myxo-RHDV1 strain already included in Nobivac Myxo-RHD and a similarly produced Myxo-RHDV2 strain. This paper describes several key safety and efficacy studies conducted for European licensing purposes. Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS showed to be safe for use in rabbits from five weeks of age onwards, including pregnant rabbits, and did not spread from vaccinated rabbits to in-contact controls. Furthermore, protection to RHDV1 and RHDV2 was demonstrated by challenge, while the serological response to MV was similar to that after vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD. Therefore, routine vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS can prevent the kept rabbit population from these major viral diseases.

Should the 40-year-old practice of releasing virulent myxoma virus to control rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) be continued?

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Berman ◽  
P. J. Kerr ◽  
R. Stagg ◽  
B. H. van Leeuwen ◽  
T. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
South West ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Virulent Virus ◽  
Original Laboratory ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Release of virulent myxoma virus has been a key component of rabbit-control operations in Queensland, Australia, since the 1960s but its use rests on anecdotal reports. During a routine operation to release virulent myxoma virus we found no evidence to support the continued regular use of the technique in south-west Queensland. Radio-tagged rabbits inoculated with virulent myxoma virus contracted the disease but failed to pass enough virus to other rabbits to spread the disease. Rabbits with clinical signs of myxomatosis that were shot were infected with field strain derived from the original laboratory strain released in 1950 rather than the virulent strain that has been released annually. There was no change in rabbit survival or abundance caused by the release. Nevertheless, the release of virulent virus may be useful against isolated pockets of rabbits mainly because field strains are less likely to be present. Such pockets are more common now that rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus is established in Queensland.

scholarly journals Serological Response to Pasteurella multocida NanH Sialidase in Persistently Colonized Rabbits

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sanchez ◽  
Shaikh Mizan ◽  
Charlotte Quist ◽  
Patricia Schroder ◽  
Michelle Juneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Sialidase Activity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT Pasteurella multocida is a mucosal pathogen that colonizes the upper respiratory system of rabbits. Respiratory infections can result, but the bacteria can also invade the circulatory system, producing abscesses or septicemia. P. multocida produces extracellular sialidase activity, which is believed to augment colonization of the respiratory tract and the production of lesions in an active infection. Previously, it was demonstrated that some isolates of P. multocida contain two unique sialidase genes, nanH and nanB, that encode enzymes with different substrate specificities (S. Mizan, A. D. Henk, A. Stallings, M. Meier, J. J. Maurer, and M. D. Lee, J. Bacteriol. 182:6874-6883, 2000). We developed a recombinant antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the NanH sialidase of P. multocida and demonstrated that rabbits that were experimentally colonized with P. multocida produce detectable anti-NanH immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in serum, although they demonstrated no clinical signs of pasteurellosis. In addition, clinically ill pet rabbits infected with P. multocida possessed IgM and/or IgG antibody against NanH. The NanH ELISA may be useful for the diagnosis of P. multocida infections in sick rabbits as well as for screening for carriers in research rabbit colonies.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Humoral Immune Response to a Prime-Boost Ebola Vaccine: Quantification and Sources of Variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Pasin ◽  
Irene Balelli ◽  
Thierry Van Effelterre ◽  
Viki Bockstal ◽  
Laura Solforosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Phase 1 Trials ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Boost Immunization

ABSTRACT The Ebola vaccine based on Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo prime-boost regimens is being evaluated in multiple clinical trials. The long-term immune response to the vaccine is unknown, including factors associated with the response and variability around the response. We analyzed data from three phase 1 trials performed by the EBOVAC1 Consortium in four countries: the United Kingdom, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Participants were randomized into four groups based on the interval between prime and boost immunizations (28 or 56 days) and the sequence in which Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo were administered. Consecutive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements of the IgG binding antibody concentrations against the Kikwit glycoprotein (GP) were available for 177 participants to assess the humoral immune response up to 1 year postprime. Using a mathematical model for the dynamics of the humoral response, from 7 days after the boost immunization up to 1 year after the prime immunization, we estimated the durability of the antibody response and the influence of different factors on the dynamics of the humoral response. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) described the dynamics of antibody response and two populations of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), short-lived (SL) and long-lived (LL). Parameters of the ODEs were estimated using a population approach. We estimated that half of the LL ASCs could persist for at least 5 years. The vaccine regimen significantly affected the SL ASCs and the antibody peak but not the long-term response. The LL ASC compartment dynamics differed significantly by geographic regions analyzed, with a higher long-term antibody persistence in European subjects. These differences could not be explained by the observed differences in cellular immune response. IMPORTANCE With no available licensed vaccines or therapies, the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic of 2014 to 2016 caused 11,310 deaths. Following this outbreak, the development of vaccines has been accelerated. Combining different vector-based vaccines as heterologous regimens could induce a durable immune response, assessed through antibody concentrations. Based on data from phase 1 trials in East Africa and Europe, the dynamics of the humoral immune response from 7 days after the boost immunization onwards were modeled to estimate the durability of the response and understand its variability. Antibody production is maintained by a population of long-lived cells. Estimation suggests that half of these cells can persist for at least 5 years in humans. Differences in prime-boost vaccine regimens affect only the short-term immune response. Geographical differences in long-lived cell dynamics were inferred, with higher long-term antibody concentrations induced in European participants.

scholarly journals A Survey of the Humoral Immune Response of Cancer Patients to a Panel of Human Tumor Antigens

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Stockert ◽  
Elke Jäger ◽  
Yao-Tseng Chen ◽  
Matthew J. Scanlan ◽  
Ivan Gout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Melanoma Patients

Evidence is growing for both humoral and cellular immune recognition of human tumor antigens. Antibodies with specificity for antigens initially recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), e.g., MAGE and tyrosinase, have been detected in melanoma patient sera, and CTLs with specificity for NY-ESO-1, a cancer-testis (CT) antigen initially identified by autologous antibody, have recently been identified. To establish a screening system for the humoral response to autoimmunogenic tumor antigens, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using recombinant NY-ESO-1, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, SSX2, Melan-A, and tyrosinase proteins. A survey of sera from 234 cancer patients showed antibodies to NY-ESO-1 in 19 patients, to MAGE-1 in 3, to MAGE-3 in 2, and to SSX2 in 1 patient. No reactivity to these antigens was found in sera from 70 normal individuals. The frequency of NY-ESO-1 antibody was 9.4% in melanoma patients and 12.5% in ovarian cancer patients. Comparison of tumor NY-ESO-1 phenotype and NY-ESO-1 antibody response in 62 stage IV melanoma patients showed that all patients with NY-ESO-1+ antibody had NY-ESO-1+ tumors, and no patients with NY-ESO-1− tumors had NY-ESO-1 antibody. As the proportion of melanomas expressing NY-ESO-1 is 20–40% and only patients with NY-ESO-1+ tumors have antibody, this would suggest that a high percentage of patients with NY-ESO-1+ tumors develop an antibody response to NY-ESO-1.

Efficacy of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for estimating prevalence of immunity to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in populations of Australian wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. McPhee ◽  
D. Berman ◽  
A. Gonzales ◽  
K. L. Butler ◽  
J. Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Lethal Doses

This study examines the efficacy of a cELISA in estimating the prevalence of immunity to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in wild rabbits in Australia. Rabbits (n = 343) captured from six locations in Victoria and Queensland were experimentally challenged with a lethal oral dose (1500 50%-lethal doses, LD50) of RHDV. Death or survival to challenge was used to determine the performance characteristics of the test. The diagnostic specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were highly variable between sites, making it difficult to select a representative cut-off value for all sites that achieved a reasonable level of accuracy for the prediction of surviving and non-surviving rabbits. Estimates of prevalence of immunity were biased owing to effects of site of capture (time of capture) and age structure of the population. Using predictive equations, the best estimates of survival were ±10% but these results came from a limited range of sites, all of which had survival in the range 49–70%. The cELISA will determine whether the RHDV is present in rabbit populations but it should be used with caution when estimating the prevalence of immunity to RHDV. The cELISA may thus be limited in its application for examining the epidemiology of RHDV in Australian rabbit populations.

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus: serological evidence of a non-virulent RHDV-like virus in south-western Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Bruce ◽  
Laurie E. Twigg
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Wild Rabbit ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
European Rabbits ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Although several different cELISAs have been used to assess the exposure of European rabbits to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), the interpretation of the results of such assays is not always straight-forward. Here we report on such difficulties, and on the likely presence of a non-virulent rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus–like virus (nvRHDV-LV) in south-western Australia. Analysis of sera collected from European rabbits at Kojaneerup (near Albany) in Western Australia provided the first serological evidence of the likely presence of a nvRHDV-LV in wild rabbit populations outside the east coast of Australia and New Zealand, before the deliberate introduction of RHDV as biological control agent in both countries. Six out of 30 rabbits (20%) sampled 1–2 months before the known arrival of RHDV at Kojaneerup were seropositive to RHD on the basis of their IgG isoELISAs. However, none of these positive samples were positive for the RHDV antibody cELISA (1 : 10), indicating likely exposure to nvRHDV-LV. Subsequent serological analysis of 986 rabbits sampled between September 1996 and August 1999 at Kojaneerup indicated that nvRHDV-LV persisted in these rabbits following the natural arrival of RHDV in September 1996. At least 10–34% of rabbits appeared to have been exposed to nvRHDV-LV during the 3-year study. The presence of nvRHDV-LV seemed to offer only limited protection to rabbits from RHDV during the initial epizootic; however, persistence of nvRHDV-LV may have mitigated further RHDV activity after this epizootic. Fewer than 1% of rabbits (9 of 986) showed evidence of RHDV-challenge during the 30 months following the initial RHDV epizootic. Furthermore, except for the epizootic in September 1996, no clinical signs of the disease were apparent in the population until RHDV was deliberately reintroduced in April 1999. Mortality of rabbits exposed to RHDV at this time appeared to be correlated with their IgG isoELISA titre.

Statistical models for the effect of age and maternal antibodies on the development of rabbit haemorrhagic disease in Australian wild rabbits

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Robinson ◽  
P. T. M. So ◽  
W. J. Müller ◽  
B. D. Cooke ◽  
L. Capucci
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wild Rabbit ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Statistical models have been developed to explain the influence of age and maternal antibody on the outcome of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) infection of Australian wild rabbit kittens in terms of survival, survival time in those that failed to survive, and pyrexia (temperature response, or fever). Similar models describing survival and survival time were derived by substituting mass for age, owing to their high correlation. The models were developed from data obtained following the inoculation of 78 kittens 5–11 weeks old born to does with varying levels of α-RHDV immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A significant correlation was found between survival and doe titre but not between survival and kitten titre. It was deduced that maternal antibody in kittens can fall below the level of detection in the ELISA but still be protective. The model describing the influence of age and doe titre had the form logit(SURVIVAL) = 5.98 – 0.944(AGE) + 0.000473(DOE TITRE), and showed, for example, that kittens born to seronegative does had a 50% probability of survival at about 6 weeks old and, with a doe titre of 10 240, a 50% probability of survival at about 11 weeks old. There was a significant influence of kitten titre on pyrexia, and the model developed had the form logit(TEMPERATURE RESPONSE) = 1.436 – 0.0531(KITTEN TITRE). The influence of age and maternal antibody on survival time was fitted using Cox proportional hazard models. A parametric regression gave rise to a final model of the form S(t | AGE, DOE TITRE) = exp[–(t/ηAGE)1.7979], where ηAGE = exp[7.1838 – 0.2976(AGE) + 0.000227(DOE TITRE)]. The model showed that survival time decreased with age, but for each age category there was an increase in survival time with increasing doe titre. Kitten titre had only a marginally significant effect on seroconversion; there was no effect of kitten age or mass, or of doe titre. No kitten with a titre of 60 or more seroconverted.

scholarly journals Comparative examination of the serological response to bluetongue virus in diseased ruminants by competitive and double recognition enzime-linked immunosorbent assays

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
A. GAVRILOVIĆ ◽  
P. GAVRILOVIĆ ◽  
S. RADOJIČIĆ ◽  
D. KRNJAIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
First Time

Bluetongue (BT) is a viral non-contagious disease of ruminants which is transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides. In recent years, BT has been a serious threat to livestock and to the economies of European countries. In Serbia the disease appeared for the first time in 2001, and after a 12 year period of freedom, it broke out again in 2014. Considering the actuality of this infectious disease, especially the need for prompt and rapid diagnostics, the aim of this paper was to determine the possibility of detecting the serological response in sheep and cattle with manifested clinical signs of the disease using two different methods: double recognition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). A total of 105 blood serum samples of cattle and sheep, which had exhibited clinical signs of BT during 2014, were taken for examination from a serum bank. Out of 74 blood serum samples of sheep and 31 blood serum samples of cattle, 52 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle tested positive using sELISA, while 50 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle gave positive reactions with cELISA. The results confirm the high sensitivity of sELISA which detected 4% more seropositive sheep in comparison with cELISA. Using Cohen’s kappa statistical analysis, almost perfect agreement was determined between the results (k>0,81) obtained by cELISA and sELISA.

Epidemiologic correlates of antibody response to human papillomavirus among women at low risk of cervical cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Nonnenmacher ◽  
J Pintos ◽  
M C Bozzetti ◽  
I Mielzinska-Lohnas ◽  
A T Lorincz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hpv Dna

A population at low risk for developing cervical cancer in Southern Brazil was studied to identify the main determinants of serological response to human papillomavirus (HPV). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were performed in 976 women to detect serum IgG antibodies against HPV 16 L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) and HPVs 16, 18, 6 and 11 L1 VLPs as a mixture of antigens. Women with four or more sexual partners were more likely to be seropositive than women with one partner (HPV 16 serology odds ratio [OR]=3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-4.8; HPV 6/11/16/18 serology OR=4.64, 95% CI: 3.0-7.2). HPV DNA and both serological responses were associated. Those positives to HPV 16 serology were twice as likely to have a cytological diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) than seronegatives (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.0-4.5, and OR=1.73; 95% CI: 0.8-3.8). Seropositivity to HPV 16 and HPV 6/11/16/18 antigens seem to be better markers of past sexual activity than current HPV infection, and humoral response to HPV 16 or HPV 6/11/16/18 may not be a strong indicator of cervical lesions in populations at low risk for cervical lesions.

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