scholarly journals Dynamics of the Humoral Immune Response to a Prime-Boost Ebola Vaccine: Quantification and Sources of Variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Pasin ◽  
Irene Balelli ◽  
Thierry Van Effelterre ◽  
Viki Bockstal ◽  
Laura Solforosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Phase 1 Trials ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Boost Immunization

ABSTRACT The Ebola vaccine based on Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo prime-boost regimens is being evaluated in multiple clinical trials. The long-term immune response to the vaccine is unknown, including factors associated with the response and variability around the response. We analyzed data from three phase 1 trials performed by the EBOVAC1 Consortium in four countries: the United Kingdom, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Participants were randomized into four groups based on the interval between prime and boost immunizations (28 or 56 days) and the sequence in which Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo were administered. Consecutive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements of the IgG binding antibody concentrations against the Kikwit glycoprotein (GP) were available for 177 participants to assess the humoral immune response up to 1 year postprime. Using a mathematical model for the dynamics of the humoral response, from 7 days after the boost immunization up to 1 year after the prime immunization, we estimated the durability of the antibody response and the influence of different factors on the dynamics of the humoral response. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) described the dynamics of antibody response and two populations of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), short-lived (SL) and long-lived (LL). Parameters of the ODEs were estimated using a population approach. We estimated that half of the LL ASCs could persist for at least 5 years. The vaccine regimen significantly affected the SL ASCs and the antibody peak but not the long-term response. The LL ASC compartment dynamics differed significantly by geographic regions analyzed, with a higher long-term antibody persistence in European subjects. These differences could not be explained by the observed differences in cellular immune response. IMPORTANCE With no available licensed vaccines or therapies, the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic of 2014 to 2016 caused 11,310 deaths. Following this outbreak, the development of vaccines has been accelerated. Combining different vector-based vaccines as heterologous regimens could induce a durable immune response, assessed through antibody concentrations. Based on data from phase 1 trials in East Africa and Europe, the dynamics of the humoral immune response from 7 days after the boost immunization onwards were modeled to estimate the durability of the response and understand its variability. Antibody production is maintained by a population of long-lived cells. Estimation suggests that half of these cells can persist for at least 5 years in humans. Differences in prime-boost vaccine regimens affect only the short-term immune response. Geographical differences in long-lived cell dynamics were inferred, with higher long-term antibody concentrations induced in European participants.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma suis Antigens Recognized during Humoral Immune Response in Experimentally Infected Pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hoelzle ◽  
K. Hoelzle ◽  
M. Ritzmann ◽  
K. Heinritzi ◽  
M. M. Wittenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Mycoplasma Suis ◽  
Antigenic Proteins ◽  
Specific Antigens

ABSTRACT Today, serodiagnostic tests for Mycoplasma suis infections in pigs have low accuracies. The development of novel serodiagnostic strategies requires a detailed analysis of the humoral immune response elicited by M. suis and, in particular, the identification of antigenic proteins of the agent. For this study, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analyses were performed using pre- and sequential postinoculation sera from M. suis-infected and mock-infected control pigs. M. suis purified from porcine blood served as the antigen. Eight M. suis-specific antigens (p33, p40, p45, p57, p61, p70, p73, and p83) were identified as targets of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response during experimental infection, with p40, p45, and p70 being the preferentially recognized M. suis antigens. Besides the M. suis-specific antigens, porcine immunoglobulins were identified in blood-derived M. suis preparations. By immunoglobulin depletion, the specificity of the M. suis antigen for use in indirect ELISA was significantly improved. M. suis-specific Western blot and ELISA reactions were observed in all infected pigs by 14 days postinfection at the latest and until week 14, the end of the experiments. During acute clinical attacks of eperythrozoonosis, a derailment of the antibody response, determined by decreases in both the M. suis net ELISA values and the numbers of M. suis-specific immunoblot bands, was accompanied by peaking levels of autoreactive IgG antibodies. In conclusion, the M. suis-specific antigens found to stimulate specific IgG antibodies are potentially useful for the development of novel serodiagnostic tests.

scholarly journals Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Aydillo ◽  
Alexander Rombauts ◽  
Daniel Stadlbauer ◽  
Sadaf Aslam ◽  
Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

AbstractIn addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans are also susceptible to six other coronaviruses, for which consecutive exposures to antigenically related and divergent seasonal coronaviruses are frequent. Despite the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing research, the nature of the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Here we longitudinally profile the early humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and quantify levels of pre-existing immunity to OC43, HKU1 and 229E seasonal coronaviruses, and find a strong back-boosting effect to conserved but not variable regions of OC43 and HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike protein. However, such antibody memory boost to human coronaviruses negatively correlates with the induction of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein. Our findings thus provide evidence of immunological imprinting by previous seasonal coronavirus infections that can potentially modulate the antibody profile to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Impact of Binge Alcohol Intoxication on the Humoral Immune Response during Burkholderia spp. Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Moreno ◽  
Victor Jimenez ◽  
Fernando P. Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Impact

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis can occur in healthy humans, yet binge alcohol use is progressively being recognized as a major risk factor. Currently, no experimental studies have investigated the effects of binge alcohol on the adaptive immune system during an active infection. In this study, we used B. thailandensis and B. vietnamiensis, to investigate the impact of a single binge alcohol episode on the humoral response during infection. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were administered alcohol comparable to human binge drinking (4.4 g/kg) or PBS intraperitoneally 30 min before intranasal infection. Mice infected with B. thailandensis had a 100% survival rate, while those infected with B. vietnamiensis had a 33% survivability rate when a binge alcohol dose was administered. B. thailandensis was detected in blood of mice administered alcohol at only 7 days post infection (PI), while those infected with B. vietnamiensis and receiving alcohol were found throughout the 28-day infection as well as in tissues at day 28 PI. Binge alcohol elevated IgM and delayed IgG specific to the whole cell lysate (WCL) of B. vietnamiensis but not B. thailandensis infections. Differences in immunogenicity of B. pseudomallei near-neighbors provide a framework for novel insights into the effects of binge alcohol’s suppression of the humoral immune response that can cause opportunistic infections in otherwise healthy hosts.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term humoral immune response against Yersinia pestis in plague patients, Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana ◽  
Alice Lantoniaina Iharisoa ◽  
Lila Rahalison ◽  
Marie Laurette Ralimanantsoa ◽  
Maherisoa Ratsitorahina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Background Plague, a fatal disease caused by the bacillus, Yersinia pestis, still affects resources-limited countries. Information on antibody response to plague infection in human is scarce. Anti-F1 Ig G are among the known protective antibodies against Y. pestis infection. As a vaccine preventable disease, knowledge on antibody response is valuable for the development of an effective vaccine to reduce infection rate among exposed population in plague-endemic regions. In this study, we aim to describe short and long-term humoral immune responses against Y. pestis in plague-confirmed patients from Madagascar, the most affected country in the world. Methods Bubonic (BP) and pneumonic plague (PP) patients were recruited from plague- endemic foci in the central highlands of Madagascar between 2005 and 2017. For short-term follow-up, 6 suspected patients were enrolled and prospectively investigated for kinetics of the anti-F1 IgG response, whereas the persistence of antibodies was retrospectively studied in 71 confirmed convalescent patients, using an ELISA which was validated for the detection of plague in human blood samples in Madagascar. Results Similarly to previous findings, anti-F1 IgG rose quickly during the first week after disease onset and increased up to day 30. In the long-term study, 56% of confirmed cases remained seropositive, amongst which 60 and 40% could be considered as high- and low-antibody responders, respectively. Antibodies persisted for several years and up to 14.8 years for one individual. Antibody titers decreased over time but there was no correlation between titer and time elapsed between the disease onset and serum sampling. In addition, the seroprevalence rate was not significantly different between gender (P = 0.65) nor age (P = 0.096). Conclusion Our study highlighted that the circulating antibody response to F1 antigen, which is specific to Y. pestis, may be attributable to individual immune responsiveness. The finding that a circulating anti-F1 antibody titer could persist for more than a decade in both BP and PP recovered patients, suggests its probable involvement in patients’ protection. However, complementary studies including analyses of the cellular immune response to Y. pestis are required for the better understanding of long-lasting protection and development of a potential vaccine against plague.

scholarly journals Should be a Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19-Vaccine Administered in Patients with Myelofibrosis Under Ruxolitinib?

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2573-2573
Author(s):  
Giovanni Caocci ◽  
Olga Mulas ◽  
Daniela Mantovani ◽  
Alessandro Costa ◽  
Andrea Galizia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Prognostic Scoring System ◽  
Humoral Immune

Abstract Introduction. Patients with Myelofibrosis (MF) are considered fragile and thus eligible in Italy for COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. According to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), patients with intermediate and high MF, may receive clinical benefits from ruxolitinib, the first approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor. Given the potent anti-inflammatory properties of ruxolitinib against immunocompetent cells, we previously reported a lower but non-statistically absolute IgG anti-Spike humoral response in vaccinated MF patients treated with ruxolitinib. In the present report we extended the cohort of MF patients. Methods. All MF patients received 2 injections of 30 ug per dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine 3 weeks apart, according to the standard protocol. After injection, mild pain at the injection site was frequently reported. No serious adverse events were registered. The serum level of IgG anti-Spike glycoprotein was tested after a median time of 45 days (range 40-60) from the second vaccine dose, using the approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG CLIA (LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay, Diasorin, Saluggia, Italy). An Arbitrary Units per milliliter (AU/mL) ratio of <12.0 was considered to be negative, 12.0-15.0 AU/mL to be borderline and >15 AU/mL to be positive. A conversion of AU/mL to binding antibody units (BAU/mL) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines was achieved considering the following equation: BAU/mL = 2.6*AU/mL. Results. Overall, 30 MF patients (median age 65 years, range 48-83) were vaccinated. A diagnosis of primary MF was reported in 21 cases (70%), post essential thrombocythemia-MF in 6 (20%) patients and post polycythemia vera-MF in 3 (10%) patients; 23 out of 30 patients (76.6%) were positive for the JAK2V617F, 5 (16.6%) for CALR mutation, 1 (3.3%) for MPL mutation and 1 patient (3.3%) resulted triple negative. Splenomegaly was observed in 14 patients (46%) and 19 (63.3%) reported comorbidities. Nineteen patients (63.3%) were classified as DIPSS low or intermediate-1 risk, and 11 (36.6%) as intermediate-2 or high risk. Fifteen patients (50%) were receiving ruxolitinib, at a median total dose of 20 mg/die (range 20-40 mg) and the remaining 15 patients other treatments (8 patients hydroxyurea and 7 only supportive therapy). None of the patients reported COVID-19 infection neither previous nor subsequently to vaccination. Overall, a positive immune response against COVID-19 was observed in 8 out of 15 patients (53.3%) in the ruxolitinib group, in comparison with 13 out 15 patients (86.6%) in the other treatment group (p=0,046). The absolute IgG anti-Spike value was lower in the ruxolitinib group (median 35.2±49.81) in comparison with the other group (median 226.1±163.9; p=<0.001), Figure 1. In univariate analysis, only ruxolitinib treatment was found associated with a lower humoral immune response to the vaccine. Conclusions. MF patients under ruxolitinib achieved a lower humoral immune response in comparison with MF patients who underwent other treatments. No COVID-19 infection was observed in both groups after vaccination, after a median follow up of 3 months since the second dose. Whether patients with a potential insufficient humoral response to vaccine will benefit from a third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is a matter of further investigation. Our preliminary data need to be confirmed in larger cohort of MF patients. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Murru: Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel and accommodation; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria.

scholarly journals Long-Term Humoral Immune Response in Persons with Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
Huynh Kim Mai ◽  
Nguyen Bao Trieu ◽  
Trinh Hoang Long ◽  
Hoang Tien Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Luong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Captopril and Diuretics on Macrophage Activity in Mouse Humoral Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11374
Author(s):  
Paweł Bryniarski ◽  
Katarzyna Nazimek ◽  
Janusz Marcinkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hypertension is accompanied by the over-activation of macrophages. Diuretics administered alone or in combination with hypotensive drugs may have immunomodulatory effects. Thus, the influence of tested drugs on mouse macrophage-mediated humoral immunity was investigated. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with captopril (5 mg/kg) with or without hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg) or furosemide (5 mg/kg) by 8 days. Mineral oil-induced peritoneal macrophages were harvested to assess the generation of cytokines in ELISA, and the expression of surface markers was analyzed cytometrically. Macrophages were also pulsed with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and transferred to naive mice for evaluation of their ability to induce a humoral immune response. Tested drugs increase the expression of surface markers important for the antigen phagocytosis and presentation. SRBC-pulsed macrophages from mice treated with captopril combined with diuretics increased the secretion of antigen-specific antibodies by recipient B cells, while macrophages of mice treated with hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide with captopril increased the number of antigen-specific B cells. Tested drugs alter the macrophage secretory profile in favor of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our results showed that diuretics with or without captopril modulate the humoral response by affecting the function of macrophages, which has significant translational potential in assessing the safety of antihypertensive therapy.

scholarly journals Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection in the population of an oncology hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization are needed.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek ◽  
Dorota Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Hryniewicz ◽  
Robert Milewski ◽  
Samuel Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Hospital Laboratory ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. Our study aimed to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post-SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in hospital laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay - CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a rise of antibodies response in both convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from the control group. Based on our analysis, we suggest that it is essential to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and equivalent to the effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Considering the time-limited nature of the effects of post-infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for the next vaccination.

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