scholarly journals Diet Adherence among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Concept Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Al Salmi ◽  
Paul Cook ◽  
Melba Sheila D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
English Language ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Diet Adherence

Aim: To analyze the concept of diet adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Background: Different healthcare providers widely use the concept of adherence. In the 1970s, the term compliance was commonly used as the patients' views on treatment decisions were neglected. With consideration of patients' perspectives in treatment choices and treatment management, the concept of "compliance" has been increasingly replaced by "adherence." Adhering to a healthy diet is very challenging among patients with T2DM, and empirical studies show a low adherence rate to a healthy diet. Methods: The Walker and Avant (2011) method of concept analysis was implemented. Scientific databases were probed for research articles in the English language published between 2010-2020 using the search terms: compliance, adherence, treatment adherence, diet adherence, T2DM, and concept analysis. Results: Diet adherence as a concept includes, following diet recommendations, self-monitoring, maintenance, and relapse prevention. Antecedents include motivation, understanding of diet recommendations, health beliefs, self-efficacy, goal setting, and social support. Consequences include overall health promotion, health-related quality of life, and improved disease-specific parameters such as lower body mass index, HbA1c, a better level of triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, and lower diastolic blood pressure. Diet adherence is frequently measured using the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire, Patient Diet Adherence in Diabetes Scale, the Compliance Praxis Survey-Diet, multiday food diaries, 24-hour recalls, and food frequency questionnaires. Conclusion: Adherence to a healthy diet for patients with T2DM is a primary determinant of management, but diet adherence is frequently inadequate. Poor diet adherence attenuates optimum expected outcomes; hence more research is needed to promote diet adherence.

scholarly journals Low Reported Adherence to the 2019 American Diabetes Association Nutrition Recommendations among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Indicating the Need for Improved Nutrition Education and Diet Care

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3516
Author(s):  
Savvas Katsaridis ◽  
Maria G. Grammatikopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Gkiouras ◽  
Christos Tzimos ◽  
Stefanos T. Papageorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Medication Therapy

Patient adherence to guidelines is important for improved outcomes and prognosis. Nevertheless, many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not comply with the recommendations regarding medication, physical activity, diet or self-care. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of adherence to the dietary recommendations issued by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) among patients with T2DM in Komotini, Greece. A total of 162 adults with T2DM (64.7 ± 10.6 years old), of which 41.4% were men, were recruited from the Sismanoglio Hospital and participated in the study. The level of adherence to individual recommendations issued by the ADA was assessed using yes/no questions. The overall adherence rate to the guidelines was low (41.2%). According to the multivariable analysis, age and medication therapy were identified as contributors to the compliance rate. No differences were noted in the total compliance rate between patients of different religious denominations (Muslims/Christians). Patients on oral antidiabetic agents (OAA) were more adherent compared with those on insulin therapy. A mere 3.7% of the participants had received nutrition education by a registered dietitian, 9.9% were following an individualized diet plan to improve glycemia, and 3.1% had set specific energy goals to reduce body weight. These findings are indicative of the need for the delivery of improved nutrition education.

Cognitive Dysfunction in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Concept Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Song Ge ◽  
Changwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Although cognitive dysfunction is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the concept has not yet been well defined. The purpose of this study was to define the concept of cognitive dysfunction in persons with T2DM and examine its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Literature was retrieved from 2008 to 2018 by systematically searching the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Based on 37 included studies, three defining attributes were identified: cognitive dysfunction is a recognized or unrecognized symptom, is characterized by a subtle decline in one or more cognitive domains, and is accompanied by pronounced structural changes observed in brain imaging. One major antecedent was diabetes-related or diabetes-specific pathological changes. Consequences included interference with diabetes self-management, nonadherence to recommended self-management behaviors, and a higher risk of having hypoglycemic events. The concept analysis provides a theoretical foundation that can be used to guide evaluations and interventions related to cognitive dysfunction in individuals with T2DM.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN DIET DENGAN KADAR GULA DARAH PUASA PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Nur Salma ◽  
Fadli Fadli ◽  
Abd. Hayat Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
A Value

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that cannot be cured but can be prevented and controlled through the 4 pillars of diabetes mellitus management which includes education, diet therapy, exercise, and medication. Diet therapy is used to help type 2 sufferers improve their eating habits so they can control glucose, fat, and blood pressure levels so that the success of dietary therapy depends on the patient's compliance with diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between diet adherence with fasting blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The design of this study used a correlation analysis method with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is total sampling with a total sample of 28 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by linear regression test. The results of the study of dietary compliance based on the number of calories with a value of p = 0.042, adherence to the diet schedule with a value of p = 0.007 and adherence to the type of food diet p value = 0.002. This shows that there is an influence of diet adherence to the level of GDP of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Lancirang Health Center in 2020 while the percentage of influence is 14.4% as indicated by the value of R square = 0.144. So that in the process of reducing fasting blood sugar, patients or patients should change their behavior, especially on diet compliance based on the number of calories in their food.

Ertugliflozin: A New Option in the SGLT-2 Inhibitor Market for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Powell ◽  
Scott G. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacological aspects of ertugliflozin and its clinical trials, which led to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data Sources: A MEDLINE/PubMed (May 2013 to October 2018) search was conducted using the following keywords: ertugliflozin, sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, SGLT2 inhibitor, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia. Study Selection and Data Extraction Quantify: We included English-language articles evaluating ertugliflozin pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in humans for blood glucose reduction in human subjects. Data Synthesis: Ertugliflozin has been FDA approved and considered both safe and efficacious for the treatment of T2DM with hemoglobin A1C reductions ranging from −0.6% to −1.16%. Safety outcomes appear to be similar to that of other SGLT2 inhibitors. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: With this approval, patients and clinicians now have another oral option for treating this difficult disease while minimizing hypoglycemia and other unwanted adverse drug reactions. Conclusions: With the number of patients with diabetes growing, additional safe and effective treatment options available for clinicians and patients is important. Ertugliflozin appears to be an effective and safe therapy as both single and add-on therapy.

scholarly journals Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Kaitlin E. Miles ◽  
Jessica L. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Common Adverse Event ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: To detail studies investigating the efficacy/safety of semaglutide as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data Sources: A literature search in MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov (January 2013 to May 2018) using the terms semaglutide, SUSTAIN, oral, and PIONEER resulted in 10 published articles and 14 ongoing/unpublished articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English language phase 2 and 3 clinical trials evaluating efficacy/safety of semaglutide were included. Data Synthesis: In 9 phase 3, multicenter SUSTAIN trials, the efficacy and safety of semaglutide have been compared with placebo and other pharmacologic therapy for diabetes (PTD). In these trials, semaglutide resulted in lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; approximately −1.5%) and weight reductions (approximately −4.5 kg) as comparable with dulaglutide for HbA1c lowering (approximately −1.5%). Semaglutide also has cardiovascular (CV) outcomes data that show significant reduction in risk of death from CV causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (hazard ratio = 0.74; 95% confidence interval = 0.58-0.95). A safety finding that emerged from the CV outcomes trial was an association of semaglutide treatment with an increased risk of retinopathy complications in patients with preexisting diabetic retinopathy. Phase 3 trial data assessing semaglutide oral formulation have shown similar HbA1c (approximately −1.5% for 14 mg dose) and body weight (approximately −4.1 kg for 14 mg dose) reductions as compared with placebo. Across these studies, semaglutide was generally well tolerated with the most common adverse event reported as gastrointestinal side effects as seen in all GLP-1 RAs. Conclusions: These results suggest that semaglutide may have a place in therapy as a GLP-1 RA add-on therapy with higher weight loss as compared with other GLP-1 RAs and PTD and CV benefit.

Oral Semaglutide: First-in-Class Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Cowart
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Objective:The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacological characteristics and clinical evidence of oral semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data Sources: A MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2019. Search terms included semaglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, GLP-1 receptor agonist, and type 2 diabetes. Study Selection and Data Extraction Quantification: The following study designs were included in the analysis: systematic review and/or meta-analyses, clinical trial, or observational study design. Narrative reviews were excluded. Articles were included only if they were published in the English language or evaluated oral semaglutide with regard to pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in humans. Data Synthesis: Oral semaglutide has been Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of T2DM as an adjunct to diet and exercise. Oral semaglutide has been shown to result in an absolute hemoglobin A1C reduction between −0.5% and −1.5% and weight reductions between −1 and −4.7 kg. Oral semaglutide has been shown to be noninferior to placebo for cardiovascular (CV) safety although additional CV outcomes trials are ongoing. Adverse effects appear to be similar to those of other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and are gastrointestinal in nature. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Oral semaglutide may be appropriate as second- or third-line add-on therapy for patients with T2DM who are not meeting treatment goals on metformin and are overweight and reluctant to use an injectable drug. Conclusions: Oral semaglutide appears safe and effective as monotherapy and add-on pharmacological therapy for the treatment of T2DM.

scholarly journals Role of Yoga in Preventing and Controlling Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Adam P. Knowlden
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Glucose Levels

Yoga has been suggested as a complementary and alternative treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to review studies using yoga in preventing or controlling diabetes. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) conducted between 1993 and September 2011; (2) published in the English language; (3) used yoga asanas, pranayama, or dhyana as intervention; (4) involved diabetic patients and healthy volunteers, with insulin or glucose levels as outcomes, or individuals at risk for diabetes; (5) used any quantitative design; and (6) had biochemical, physiological, anthropometric, or clinical outcomes. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 15 used yoga asanas, 12 used pranayama, and 1 each used shatkriyas (cleansing exercises) and yoga nidra (relaxation). Of the 11 studies that measured changes in fasting blood glucose, 9 showed significant decrease. Limitations include lack of theory-based approach, small sample sizes, and inability to gauge adherence.

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