scholarly journals The Effect of Pre-cooling the Injection Site on Pediatric Pain Perception during the Administration of Local Anesthesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Asl Aminabadi ◽  
Ramin Mostofi Zadeh Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Topical Anesthesia ◽  
Pediatric Pain ◽  
Dental Procedures

Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cooling the soft tissue of injection sites on the pain perceptions of pediatric patients during the administration of local anesthesia for routine dental procedures. Methods and Materials A total of 160 children aged 5-6 years were included in the present study. On a random basis, the subjects were allocated to the without ice pretreatment (WIP) group (topical anesthesia + counterstimulation + distraction) or the ice pretreatment (IP) group (cooling + topical anesthesia + counterstimulation + distraction). During the administration of an inferior alveolar nerve block, the children's behavior was assessed using the sound, eye, and motor (SEM) scale. The statistical analysis of data was performed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There were no significant differences within the groups between the values of the sound, eye, and motor components for either the WIP or the IP groups (P>0.05). All three components of the SEM in the IP group were consistently lower than the WIP group (P<0.05). Moreover, the SEM value for the WIP group surpassed the IP group (P<0.05). Conclusions Cooling the site of infiltration block prior to the injection of local anesthesia significantly reduced the pain perceived during injection of local anesthetic agent in pediatric patients. Clinical Significance Pre-cooling of the soft tissues of an injection site prior to the administration of a local anesthetic can minimize the discomfort and anxiety associated with the injection procedure and facilitates the management of pediatric patients during this phase of a dental procedure. Citation Aminabadi NA, Farahani RMZ. The Effect of Pre-cooling the Injection Site on Pediatric Pain Perception during the Administration of Local Anesthesia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:043-050.

Pain Perception: Computerized versus Traditional Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mittal ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
D Srivastava ◽  
P Sharma ◽  
S Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Computerized Method ◽  
Local Anesthetic Injection ◽  
Computerized System ◽  
Buccal Infiltration

Background: Local anesthetic injection is one of the most anxiety- provoking procedure for both children and adult patients in dentistry. A computerized system for slow delivery of local anesthetic has been developed as a possible solution to reduce the pain related to the local anesthetic injection. Study design: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare pain perception rates in pediatric patients with computerized system and traditional methods, both objectively and subjectively. Study design: It was a randomized controlled study in one hundred children aged 8-12 years in healthy physical and mental state, assessed as being cooperative, requiring extraction of maxillary primary molars. Children were divided into two groups by random sampling - Group A received buccal and palatal infiltration injection using Wand, while Group B received buccal and palatal infiltration using traditional syringe. Visual Analog scale (VAS) was used for subjective evaluation of pain perception by patient. Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale was used as an objective method where sound, eye and motor reactions of patient were observed and heart rate measurement using pulse oximeter was used as the physiological parameter for objective evaluation. Results: Patients experienced significantly less pain of injection with the computerized method during palatal infiltration, while less pain was not statistically significant during buccal infiltration. Heart rate increased during both buccal and palatal infiltration in traditional and computerized local anesthesia, but difference between traditional and computerized method was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that pain perception was significantly more during traditional palatal infiltration injection as compared to computerized palatal infiltration, while there was no difference in pain perception during buccal infiltration in both the groups

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Different Techniques to Allay Anxiety before Local Anesthesia Injection in Pediatric Population

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Vivek Padmanabhan ◽  
Ayesha Hameed ◽  
Huda Amjid Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Topical Anesthesia ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Powered Toothbrush

Introduction: The fear of dentists is one of the major concerns why pediatric patients avoid dentists and thereby compromising their oral hygiene status. Injection of local anesthesia is considered to be the most dreaded procedures and dentists all over the world have adopted different techniques to allay the fear, pain and anxiety of the patients. Material and Methods: 54 children aged between 6-13 years were included in the study. A simple randomization was done and the children were divided into three groups. Application of topical anesthesia gel at the site of administration of local anesthesia, pre-cooling the anesthetic site with ice prior to the administration of local anesthesia, vibratory stimulus adjacent to the site of administration of local anesthesia using a powered toothbrush were the groups from 1-3 respectively. The pain perception during the administration of infiltration anesthesia was assessed using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The greatest pain reduction was observed in the vibrations group with mean pain score 1.33 followed by pre cooling group with mean pain score 2.44 then topical anesthesia gel with mean score of 4.67. Mann-Whitney test showed that vibrations was statistical significant when compared with topical anesthesia and pre cooling before local anesthesia (P<0.003). Conclusions: Use of vibrations using powered tooth brush adjacent to the site of injection during Local Anesthesia (LA) is an easy, reliable and cost effective technique and was found to reduce discomfort and facilitate the management of pediatric patients.

Effect of pre-cooling agent on intensity of pricking pain at intraoral injection site in adults: An experimental study.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Munazza Aziz ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmed ◽  
Fazal-ur-Rehman Qazi ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
Marina Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Topical Anesthesia ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Cooling Agent ◽  
Infiltration Anesthesia

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of pre-cooling agent on the intensity of pricking pain at the intraoral injection site in adult patients. Method: An in-vivo interventional study, using split-mouth technique was conducted in the Department of Operative Dentistry, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, DUHS, Karachi, between September 2018 to August 2019. Total 152 adult patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, and consent form was signed to investigate the pricking pain perception during needle administration. Topical anesthesia (benzocaine gel) was applied on left side (control) for 1 min whereas on the experimental (right) side the refrigerated cartridge was placed for 2 minutes. Infiltration anesthesia was then administered on both sides respectively. Patient’s pain perception ratings were measured through Visual analog scale (VAS). After profound anesthesia was achieved, restorative treatment was performed under rubber dam isolation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 24. Results: The effect of pre-cooling agent i.e. refrigerated cartridge, was statistically significant (P-value <0.05) on the intensity of pricking pain at the intraoral injection site among the age group of 41 to 50 years and female participants of 21to 30 years whereas the effect of pre-cooling agent was found statistically insignificant among the male participants of the age group of 21 to 30 years and irrespective of gender within 31 to 40 years of age. Conclusion: Pre-cooling agent was found effective in decreasing pricking pain sensed by the patients. Precooling agent can be used without topical anesthesia before administering infiltration because cryoanesthesia Continuous...

scholarly journals Adding Dexmedetomidine to Articaine Increases the Latency of Thermal Antinociception in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Yukako Tsutsui ◽  
Katsuhisa Sunada
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Withdrawal Latency ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Toxicity

Articaine is a low-toxicity local anesthetic that is widely used in dentistry. Typically, epinephrine is added to prolong the duration of articaine local anesthesia; however, epinephrine exhibits adverse effects. Low-dose dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, reportedly prolongs local anesthesia without notable adverse cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a combination of low-dose DEX and articaine would provide a low-toxicity local anesthetic option for dental procedures without adverse cardiovascular effects. Thus, this study investigated whether DEX could prolong the local anesthetic effect of articaine using a rat model of pain. Adult male Wistar rats (N = 44; 11 per group) received a 50-μL subcutaneous injection into the plantar surface of the hind paws; injections were composed of either normal saline, 4% articaine (2 mg articaine), combined 5 μg/kg DEX and 4% articaine (1.25 μg DEX + 2 mg articaine), or combined epinephrine (1:100,000) and 4% articaine (0.9 μg epinephrine + 2 mg articaine). Subsequent acute pain perception was determined by paw withdrawal movement in response to infrared radiant heat stimulation of the plantar region. Paw withdrawal latency was tested at 5-minute intervals. Paw withdrawal latency values at 35 and 40 minutes were 3.83 ± 1.76 and 3.29 ± 1.43 seconds for articaine alone, 7.89 ± 2.72 and 7.25 ± 3.37 seconds for DEX and articaine, and 8.95 ± 2.28 and 8.17 ± 3.01 seconds for epinephrine and articaine. DEX prolonged the paw withdrawal latency of articaine for up to 35 minutes (p = .015) but not 40 minutes after injection (p = .052) when compared to articaine alone. The combination of DEX and articaine can provide effective local anesthesia for up to 35 minutes after injection.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Pain Perception of Conventional and Computer-controlled Anesthesia Techniques for Extraction of Maxillary First Premolar

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
Varsha Sunil Manekar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Single Blind

ABSTRACT Introduction Anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) block is a nerve block technique in conjunction with computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) system. Anterior middle superior alveolar produces local anesthesia (LA) to the maxillary teeth from second premolar to the central incisor including the hard palate and corresponding soft-tissue of both buccal and palatal side, with single palatal injection. Aim To evaluate efficacy of AMSA block for extraction of maxillary first premolar. Study design In randomized single blind, split mouth clinical trial, the 14 patients received the conventional buccal-palatal (B-P) anesthesia on one side and CCLAD anesthesia AMSA for other side. The treatment consisted of bilateral extraction of maxillary first premolars for orthodontics. Pain perception ratings were obtained by using 10 point visual analog scale (VAS). Results A total of 100% cases had painless injection with CCLAD, whereas 28.57% patients had painless injection experience with conventional LA. In all cases, there was no pain during extraction on both sides. With CCLAD, buccal retraction was painful in four cases whereas palatal retraction was painful in one case. Conclusion Anterior middle superior alveolar block injected with CCLAD is better as LA technique for extraction of maxillary first premolar as compared to B-P approach. How to cite this article Manekar VS. Comparison of the Pain Perception of Conventional and Computer-controlled Anesthesia Techniques for Extraction of Maxillary First Premolar. World J Dent 2015;6(3):150-153.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Pain Related Behavior During Administration of Local Anesthesia Using the Conventional Syringe and the Computerized Controlled Local Anesthetic Device in Children Exhibiting Different Levels of Anxiety: In vivo Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Pooja G. Muzumdar ◽  
Vikas Bendgude ◽  
Aditi Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Group B ◽  
Conventional Systems

Background: Pain experienced during dental procedures evolves into negative attitude towards dentistry, which is projected as anxiety and fear of the child. Administration of local anesthesia (L.A) although an intervention to render painless procedures, in itself causes pain by its conveyance. Wand® (Milestone Scientific, Livingston, NJ, USA) is a system introduced to decrease soreness in the course of anesthetic conveyance. Owing to the sparse information comparing conventional systems with those of Wand, the present study evaluated pain related behavior in children exhibiting pre-assessed variant levels of anxiety midst administration of local anesthesia. Aim: To correlate pain related behavior amidst delivery of local anesthesia using conventional syringe and the Wand® STA system in children exhibiting variant anxiety levels. Methodology: The In vivo study embodied 32 children aged between 6 to 8 years. The volunteered participants were pre-categorized into low and high anxiety using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale. They were further divided using the SNOSE technique – receiving L.A the conventional syringe (group A) and those receiving L.A using the C.C.L.A.D (group B). Pain reactions and perceptions to the two delivery methods were calculated using subjective scales and objective physiological parameters. Results: Comparing pain perception in pre-assessed anxiety categories affirmed a remarkable difference with the use of C.C.L.A.D and appeared to bestow effortless, pain-free delivery over the traditional cartridge delivery. Conclusion: C.C.L.A.D builds a refined acclivity for dispersal of the solution, ergo an utilitarian tool in pediatric dentistry.

scholarly journals Assessment of computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system for pain control during restorative procedures: A randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh Saoji ◽  
Mohan Thomas Nainan ◽  
Naveen Nanjappa ◽  
Mahesh Ravindra Khairnar ◽  
Meeta Hishikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
Time Required

Background. Local anesthesia is given to decrease pain perception during dental treatments, but it may itself be a reason for pain and aggravate the dental fear. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLADS) is one of the alternatives for decreasing the patients’ pain during local anesthesia. This study compared the time required for the recovery from anesthesia, pain/discomfort during injection and pain/discomfort 24 hours after administering local anesthesia with CCLADS, a standard self-aspirating syringe and a conventional disposable 2-mL syringe. Methods. The study was conducted on 90 subjects (an age group of 20-40 years), who suffered from sensitivity during cavity preparation. They were randomly divided into three groups of 30 individuals each to receive intraligamentary anesthesia (2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline) using either of the three techniques: CCLADS, a standard self-aspirating syringe, or a conventional disposable 2-mL syringe. The onset of anesthesia, time required for recovery from anesthesia (in minutes), pain/discomfort during injection and pain/discomfort 24 hours after administering local anesthesia were recorded. Results. The time required for the onset of anesthesia and recovery from anesthesia was shorter with CCLADS (4.83±2.31 and 34.2±1.895, respectively) as compared to the standard self-aspirating group (10.83±1.90 and 43.5±7.581, respectively) and the conventional group (11.00±2.03 and 43.5±6.453, respectively) (P<0.001). The patients in the CCLADS group experienced no pain during local anesthesia administration as compared to the patients in the self-aspirating and conventional groups. The CCLADS and self-aspirating groups showed lower pain response as compared to the conventional group for pain after 24 hours. Conclusion. CCLADS can be an effective and pain-free alternative to conventional local anesthetic procedures.

Regional Nerve Blocks for Equine Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly K. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Infraorbital Nerve ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Infraorbital Foramen ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Dental Procedures

Regional nerve blocks are necessary to facilitate equine oral surgery in the standing sedated patient. Step-by-step instruction on how to perform common regional nerve blocks are discussed, including infraorbital, maxillary, middle mental, and inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Regional nerve blocks are critical when performing dental procedures in the standing horse.1 The infraorbital and maxillary nerve blocks provide anesthesia of the infraorbital nerve, which is a branch of the maxillary nerve. Both nerve blocks provide adequate anesthesia for all maxillary dental procedures.1 When the infraorbital nerve block is utilized, care must be taken to advance the needle into the infraorbital foramen in order to appropriately anesthetize the caudal maxillary teeth. Mandibular dental procedures require anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve. Local anesthesia at the level of the mental foramen will result in anesthesia of ipsilateral incisors and canines, while anesthesia at the level of the mandibular foramen will anesthetize the entire ipsilateral mandibular dental quadrant. All nerve blocks should have the injection site aseptically prepared prior to the procedure. The 4 most common dental nerve blocks are described step by step.

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