Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Silent Killer

ABSTRACT We present a case of 30 years female presenting with irregular menstrual bleeding, diagnosed as extensive leiomyomatosis on ultrasonography, confirmed on histopathology and immunohistochemical markers Desmin and CD34. Intravenous leiomyomas are benign tumors of smooth muscle origin. Long-term follow of patients is necessary of patients diagnosed to have these tumors.

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PGE2 release by bradykinin in human airway smooth muscle cells: involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 induction

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.6.l1132 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 273 (6) ◽

pp. L1132-L1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Linhua Pang ◽

Alan J. Knox

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Airway Smooth Muscle ◽

Arachidonic Acid Release ◽

Human Airway Smooth Muscle ◽

Short Term ◽

Human Airway ◽

Acid Release ◽

Cox 2

Prostanoids may be involved in bradykinin (BK)-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. We investigated whether cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induction was involved in prostaglandin (PG) E2 release by BK in cultured human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and analyzed the BK receptor subtypes responsible. BK stimulated PGE2release, COX activity, and COX-2 induction in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It also time dependently enhanced arachidonic acid release. In short-term (15-min) experiments, BK stimulated PGE2 generation but did not increase COX activity or induce COX-2. In long-term (4-h) experiments, BK enhanced PGE2 release and COX activity and induced COX-2. The long-term responses were inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and actinomycin D and the steroid dexamethasone. The effects of BK were mimicked by the B2-receptor agonist [Tyr(Me)8]BK, whereas the B1 agonist des-Arg9-BK was weakly effective at high concentrations. The B2antagonist HOE-140 potently inhibited all the effects, but the B1 antagonist des-Arg9,(Leu8)-BK was inactive. This study is the first to demonstrate that BK can induce COX-2. Conversion of increased arachidonic acid release to PGE2 by COX-1 is mainly involved in the short-term effect, whereas B2 receptor-related COX-2 induction is important in the long-term PGE2 release.

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Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Hydrocephalus Secondary to Tectal Plate Glioma versus Idiopathic Aqueductal Stenosis: Results from a Single Center

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000515516 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Niknejad ◽

Melissa Frederickx ◽

Emiel Salaets ◽

Jurgen Lemiere ◽

Lieven Lagae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Maximum Diameter ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Tectal Plate ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Tectal plate gliomas (TPG) constitute a distinct entity of benign tumors of the brain stem which show an indolent clinical course. Adequate treatment of secondary hydrocephalus is undoubtedly a major factor in the outcome. However, little is known about to what degree the tumor itself determines the long-term outcome of these patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical and radiological data of 16 pediatric TPG patients with data of 12 pediatric idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (IAS) patients treated in our center from 1988 to 2018. For both groups, we assessed the long-term outcome in terms of hydrocephalus management, and for the TPG group, we assessed tumor growth during follow-up. In a separate prospective part of the study, we performed a neuropsychological evaluation in a subgroup of patients using a standardized testing battery, covering intelligence, learning, memory, executive functions, and an inventory on depression. Results: In the TPG group, the mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 84 and 70 months, respectively. On average, the maximum diameter of the tumor increased by 11% (p = 0.031) and the estimated tumor volume with 35% (p = 0.026) on radiological follow-up. The fronto-occipital horn ratio (FOHR) decreased by 23% on average after treatment. In the IAS group, the mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 117 and 85 months, respectively. In this group, the FOHR decreased by 21% on average. Neurocognitive testing revealed significant higher scores in the TPG group on global intelligence (TPG = 109, IAS = 85.5, U = 3, p < 0.01, z = −2.71), performance (TPG= 100, IAS = 85, U = 7, p = 0.03, z = −2.2), and verbal intelligence (TPG = 122, IAS = 91.5, U = 2, p < 0.00, z = −2.87) as well as working memory (TPG = 109.5, IAS = 77, U = 0.5, p = 0.01, z = −2.46). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the long-term outcome in TPG patients is acceptable and that cognition is substantially better preserved than in patients with IAS. This puts the idea of a significant contribution of the tumoral mass to disease outcome on the long term in question. Adequate and prompt management of hydrocephalus is the most important factor in long-term cognitive outcome.

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Peritoneal well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma associated with infertility in a 37-year-old woman

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520986680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 030006052098668

Author(s):

Bo Pang ◽

Cong Hu ◽

Qian Liu ◽

Jinyu Yu ◽

Zhentong Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benign Tumors ◽

Free Fluid ◽

Adenomatoid Tumor ◽

Cancer Antigen 125 ◽

Immunohistochemical Markers ◽

Serum Ca125 ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

The Right

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is an uncommon mesothelial tumor. The lesions may be single or multiple and usually behave in a benign or indolent fashion, sometimes persisting for many years. In the present case, a 37-year-old woman had experienced primary infertility for 12 years, and a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Approximately 200 mL of dark red, free fluid in the pelvis and more than 10 yellow-white nodules on the surface of the right round ligament, sacrum ligament, right fallopian tube, and both sides of the uterus were found. A lesionectomy was performed and immunohistochemical markers indicated WDPM with adenomatoid tumor. The patient was monitored by computed tomography and serum CA125 (cancer antigen 125) levels for 49 months with no recurrence. WDPM and adenomatoid tumor are both benign tumors of mesothelial origin. Because of the lack of effective radical treatment, regular follow-up is sufficient. However, the effects of estrogen and progesterone on WDPM and adenomatoid tumors during ovulation or pregnancy remains unclear. Although WDPM is not life threatening, a strategy to fulfill the fertility requirements of women with this condition is a new challenge for infertility doctors.

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Stromal cells from human long-term marrow cultures are mesenchymal cells that differentiate following a vascular smooth muscle differentiation pathway

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v82.1.66.bloodjournal82166 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 66-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 261

Author(s):

MC Galmiche ◽

VE Koteliansky ◽

J Briere ◽

P Herve ◽

P Charbord

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Cells ◽

Myoid Cells ◽

Marrow Cultures

In human long-term marrow cultures connective tissue-forming stromal cells are an essential cellular component of the adherent layer where granulomonocytic progenitors are generated from week 2 onward. We have previously found that most stromal cells in confluent cultures were stained by monoclonal antibodies directed against smooth muscle- specific actin isoforms. The present study was carried out to evaluate the time course of alpha-SM-positive stromal cells and to search for other cytoskeletal proteins specific for smooth muscle cells. It was found that the expression of alpha-SM in stromal cells was time dependent. Most of the adherent spindle-shaped, vimentin-positive stromal cells observed during the first 2 weeks of culture were alpha- SM negative. On the contrary, from week 3 to week 7, most interdigitated stromal cells contained stress fibers whose backbone was made of alpha-SM-positive microfilaments. In addition, in confluent cultures, other proteins specific for smooth muscle were detected: metavinculin, h-caldesmon, smooth muscle myosin heavy chains, and calponin. This study confirms the similarity between stromal cells and smooth muscle cells. Moreover, our results reveal that cells in vivo with the phenotype closest to that of stromal cells are immature fetal smooth muscle cells and subendothelial intimal smooth muscle cells; a cell subset with limited development following birth but extensively recruited in atherosclerotic lesions. Stromal cells very probably derive from mesenchymal cells that differentiate along this distinctive vascular smooth muscle cell pathway. In humans, this differentiation seems crucial for the maintenance of granulomonopoiesis. These in vitro studies were completed by examination of trephine bone marrow biopsies from adults without hematologic abnormalities. These studies revealed the presence of alpha-SM-positive cells at diverse locations: vascular smooth muscle cells in the media of arteries and arterioles, pericytes lining capillaries, myoid cells lining sinuses at the abluminal side of endothelial cells or found within the hematopoietic logettes, and endosteal cells lining bone trabeculae. More or less mature cells of the granulocytic series were in intimate contact with the thin cytoplasmic extensions of myoid cells. Myoid cells may be the in vivo counterpart of stromal cells with the above-described vascular smooth muscle phenotype.

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Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2020/8828775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Mohammed AlKindi ◽

Sundar Ramalingam ◽

Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem ◽

Manal A. AlSheddi

Keyword(s):

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Surgical Management ◽

Early Stage ◽

English Literature ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Adjuvant Radiation ◽

Extracapsular Dissection ◽

Slow Growing

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise frequently in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest SGT, representing 60-70% of all benign parotid tumors. Clinically, parotid PA presents as irregular, lobulated, asymptomatic, slow-growing preauricular mass, involving both superficial and deep lobes, and could grow to gigantic proportions. Histologically, PA has epithelial and mesenchymal elements in chondromyxoid matrix and is managed surgically. Based on a review of 43 cases reported in English literature since 1995, giant parotid PA is reported as large as 35 cm (diameter) and 7.3 kg (resected weight). Although rare, 10 cases of malignant transformation were reported in the review. Surgical management included extracapsular dissection (ECD), superficial parotidectomy, and total parotidectomy for benign tumors, and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy for malignant tumors. We further present the case of a 36-year-old healthy male with slow-growing and asymptomatic giant parotid PA, of 4-year duration. The patient presented with firm, lobulated preauricular swelling, provisionally diagnosed as PA based on radiographic and cytological findings. The tumor was resected through ECD, and the patient had uneventful postoperative recovery and a 7-year recurrence-free follow-up period. Histological examination revealed epimyoepithelial proliferation punctuated by chondromyxoid areas, with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cysts. To the best of knowledge from indexed literature, giant parotid PA is rarely reported in Saudi Arabia. In addition to its rarity, this case is reported for its benign nature despite atypical histological presentation, successful surgical management without complications, and long-term recurrence-free follow-up. Based on this report, clinicians must be aware of atypical histological presentations associated with PA and plan suitable surgical management and follow-up to avoid morbidity. Nevertheless, attempts must be made to diagnose and manage these lesions at an early stage and before they reach gigantic proportions.

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Paraurethral Leiomyoma in a Postmenopausal Woman: First European Case

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2015/542963 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susy Shim ◽

Camilla Skovvang Borg ◽

Huda Galib Majeed ◽

Peter Humaidan

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Postmenopausal Woman ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Gynecological Examination ◽

Urethral Pain ◽

Paraurethral Leiomyoma

Leiomyomas are benign tumors extending from smooth muscle cells and only few cases of paraurethral leiomyomas have been described in the literature. They are often seen in the reproductive age and around 50% of the cases are asymptomatic. We describe a 59-year-old woman with a solid mobile tumor below the symphysis revealed at a gynecological examination. Transvaginal ultrasound and MRI confirmed the tumor and excision of the paraurethral tumor was carried out. The histological examination showed a benign paraurethral leiomyoma. The postoperative period was characterized by urethral pain as well as vaginal leakage of urine.

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Enteric Neuronal Damage, Intramuscular Denervation and Smooth Muscle Phenotype Changes as Mechanisms of Chagasic Megacolon: Evidence from a Long-Term Murine Model of Tripanosoma cruzi Infection

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0153038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e0153038 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Camila França Campos ◽

Silvia Dantas Cangussú ◽

Ana Luiza Cassin Duz ◽

Christiane Teixeira Cartelle ◽

Maria de Lourdes Noviello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Murine Model ◽

Neuronal Damage ◽

Chagasic Megacolon ◽

Cruzi Infection

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Mesothelial Cells

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080702702s19 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 110-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Susan Yung ◽

Chan Tak Mao

Keyword(s):

Mesothelial Cell ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Mesothelial Cells ◽

Dynamic Membrane ◽

Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽

Immunohistochemical Markers ◽

Vitro Model ◽

And Function

♦ Background The introduction of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality of renal replacement therapy has provoked much interest in the biology of the peritoneal mesothelial cell. Mesothelial cells isolated from omental tissue have immunohistochemical markers that are identical to those of mesothelial stem cells, and omental mesothelial cells can be cultivated in vitro to study changes to their biologic functions in the setting of PD. ♦ Method The present article describes the structure and function of mesothelial cells in the normal peritoneum and details the morphologic changes that occur after the introduction of PD. Furthermore, this article reviews the literature of mesothelial cell culture and the limitations of in vitro studies. ♦ Results The mesothelium is now considered to be a dynamic membrane that plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis of the peritoneal cavity, contributing to the control of fluid and solute transport, inflammation, and wound healing. These functional properties of the mesothelium are compromised in the setting of PD. Cultures of peritoneal mesothelial cells from omental tissue provide a relevant in vitro model that allows researchers to assess specific molecular pathways of disease in a distinct population of cells. Structural and functional attributes of mesothelial cells are discussed in relation to long-term culture, proliferation potential, age of tissue donor, use of human or animal in vitro models, and how the foregoing factors may influence in vitro data. ♦ Conclusions The ability to propagate mesothelial cells in culture has resulted, over the past two decades, in an explosion of mesothelial cell research pertaining to PD and peritoneal disorders. Independent researchers have highlighted the potential use of mesothelial cells as targets for gene therapy or transplantation in the search to provide therapeutic strategies for the preservation of the mesothelium during chemical or bacterial injury.

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Long-term observations of spontaneous electrical activity of the uterine smooth muscle

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.2.343 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 196 (2) ◽

pp. 343-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

C. Y. Kao

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Action Potentials ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Pregnant Uterus ◽

Implanted Electrodes ◽

Spontaneous Electrical Activity ◽

Myometrial Cells ◽

Uterine Smooth Muscle

The spontaneous electrical activity of uterine smooth muscle was rather variable when acute observations were made. Therefore, a series of chronic experiments was performed with implanted electrodes to monitor a group of myometrial cells under different physiological conditions for periods up to eight weeks. The results showed that consistent behavior of myometrial cells could be observed provided similar hormonal status was maintained. Action potentials were rare or absent in myometrium of oophorectomized animals but were caused to appear by estrogen. In the pregnant uterus, action potentials increased both in amplitude and frequency of discharge as parturition approached, reached a peak at that time, and then declined in the postpartum days. The results indicated that in estrogen treatment and in parturition activities of myometrial cells were more synchronous. There was suggestive evidence that there were central impulses initiating activity in the pregnant uterus, and that the responses of the myometrium were affected by the local conditions.

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