Mesothelial Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Yung ◽  
Chan Tak Mao
Keyword(s):  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Dynamic Membrane ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
And Function

♦ Background The introduction of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality of renal replacement therapy has provoked much interest in the biology of the peritoneal mesothelial cell. Mesothelial cells isolated from omental tissue have immunohistochemical markers that are identical to those of mesothelial stem cells, and omental mesothelial cells can be cultivated in vitro to study changes to their biologic functions in the setting of PD. ♦ Method The present article describes the structure and function of mesothelial cells in the normal peritoneum and details the morphologic changes that occur after the introduction of PD. Furthermore, this article reviews the literature of mesothelial cell culture and the limitations of in vitro studies. ♦ Results The mesothelium is now considered to be a dynamic membrane that plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis of the peritoneal cavity, contributing to the control of fluid and solute transport, inflammation, and wound healing. These functional properties of the mesothelium are compromised in the setting of PD. Cultures of peritoneal mesothelial cells from omental tissue provide a relevant in vitro model that allows researchers to assess specific molecular pathways of disease in a distinct population of cells. Structural and functional attributes of mesothelial cells are discussed in relation to long-term culture, proliferation potential, age of tissue donor, use of human or animal in vitro models, and how the foregoing factors may influence in vitro data. ♦ Conclusions The ability to propagate mesothelial cells in culture has resulted, over the past two decades, in an explosion of mesothelial cell research pertaining to PD and peritoneal disorders. Independent researchers have highlighted the potential use of mesothelial cells as targets for gene therapy or transplantation in the search to provide therapeutic strategies for the preservation of the mesothelium during chemical or bacterial injury.

scholarly journals Prolonged Exposure to Glucose Degradation Products Impairs Viability and Function of Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2434-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANUSZ WITOWSKI ◽  
JUSTYNA WISNIEWSKA ◽  
KATARZYNA KORYBALSKA ◽  
THORSTEN O. BENDER ◽  
ANDRZEJ BREBOROWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Glucose Degradation Products ◽  
Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Bioincompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) has been linked to the presence of glucose degradation products (GDP). Previous experiments have shown that short-term exposure to several GDP at concentrations found in commercially available PDF had no significant effect on human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). During continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, however, cells are continually exposed to GDP for extended periods of time. Thus, the impact of GDP on HPMC during long-term exposure was assessed. HPMC were cultured for up to 36 d in the presence of 6 identified GDP (acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, furaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 5-HMF) at doses that reflect their concentrations in conventional PDF. At regular time intervals, the ability of HPMC to secrete cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and extracellular matrix molecules (fibronectin) was evaluated. In addition, cell viability, morphology, and proliferative potential were assessed. Exposure to GDP resulted in a significant reduction in mesothelial IL-6 and fibronectin release. Approximately 80% of this decrease occurred during the first 12 d of the exposure and was paralleled by a gradual loss of cell viability and development of morphologic alterations. After 36 d of exposure, the number of cells in GDP-treated cultures was reduced by nearly 60%. However, GDP-treated cells were able to resume normal proliferation when transferred to a normal GDP-free medium. HPMC viability and function may be impaired during long-term exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of GDP, which suggests a potential role of GDP in the pathogenesis of peritoneal membrane dysfunction during chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Mesothelial Cell Adherence to Vascular Prostheses and Their Subsequent Growth In Vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apollo Pronk ◽  
Arthur A.G.M. Hoynck Van Papendrecht ◽  
Piet Leguit ◽  
Henri A. Verbrugh ◽  
Roel P.A.J. Verkooyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells

Cell seeding may decrease the thrombogenicity of implanted vascular grafts, but its application is hampered by the limited availability of autologous endothelial cells. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells have blood flow supporting qualities and are readily available. This study investigated the adherence of mesothelial cells to vascular prostheses and their subsequent growth in vitro. Circular pieces of various vascular prosthetic materials were seeded with 51Chromium-labeled mesothelial and endothelial cells and left for either 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The unattached cells were removed and the degree of cell attachment was measured. The number of mesothelial cells to Dacron increased during the first 60 min up to 35.2 % of the seeded inoculum whereafter a plateau was reached. Scanning electron microscopy showed spreaded mesothelial cells adherent to the Dacron fibers. A significant increase in adherence was observed after preincubation of Dacron with 10 μg/mL fibronectin, but no improvement was found after preincubation with human serum albumin or gelatin. Mesothelial cells adhered better to Gelcoated than to Gelsealed or plain Dacron. The adherence of mesothelial cells to ePTFE (Teflon) was significantly poorer. No significant differences in adherence were found between mesothelial and endothelial cells. Mesothelial cell growth on Dacron resulted in a modest increase in the number of viable cells during 27 days, which implies biocompatibility of Dacron and mesothelial cells in vitro.

Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Culture and Biology

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Yung ◽  
Fu Keung Li ◽  
Tak Mao Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Tumor Dissemination ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelium ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell

The peritoneal mesothelium is composed of an extensive monolayer of mesothelial cells that lines the body's serous cavity and internal organs and was previously thought to act principally as a protective nonadhesive lubricating surface to facilitate intracoelomic movement. With the introduction of peritoneal dialysis over three decades ago, there has been much interest in the cell biology of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Independent studies have highlighted specific properties of the peritoneal mesothelial cell, including antigen presentation, regenerative properties, clearance of fibrin; synthesis of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix proteins; and secretion of lubricants to protect the tissue from abrasion, adhesion, infection, and tumor dissemination. It is now evident that the mesothelium is not merely a passive membrane but, rather, a dynamic membrane that contributes substantially to the structural, functional, and homeostatic properties of the peritoneum. Since peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture possess immunohistochemical markers identical to mesothelial stem cells, the culture of mesothelial cells offers researchers an essential tool to assess their morphologic, structural, and functional properties. This review will discuss current procedures to isolate peritoneal mesothelial cells from human omental specimens, animal sources, and spent dialysate. Furthermore, the functional and morphologic properties of mesothelial cells are discussed, together with the potential use of mesothelial cell culture in research and clinical applications.

scholarly journals miRNA589 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xun Zhou ◽  
Wen-bin Tang ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peritoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
E Cadherin

Background. microRNA (miRNA, miR) are thought to interact with multiple mRNAs which are involved in the EMT process. But the role of miRNAs in peritoneal fibrosis has remained unknown.Objective. To determine if miRNA589 regulates the EMT induced by TGFβ1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HMrSV5 cells).Methods. 1. Level of miR589 was detected in both human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) isolated from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients’ effluent and HMrSV5 cells treated with or without TGFβ1. 2. HMrSV5 cells were divided into three groups: control group, TGFβ1 group, and pre-miR-589+TGFβ1 group. The level of miRNA589 was determined by realtime PCR. The expressions of ZO-1, vimentin, and E-cadherin in HPMCs were detected, respectively.Results. Decreased level of miRNA589 was obtained in either HPMCs of long-term CAPD patients or HMrSV5 cells treated with TGFβ1. In vitro, TGFβ1 led to upregulation of vimentin and downregulation of ZO-1 as well as E-cadherin in HMrSV5 cells, which suggested EMT, was induced. The changes were accompanied with notably decreased level of miRNA589 in HMrSV5 cells treated with TGFβ1. Overexpression of miRNA589 by transfection with pre-miRNA589 partially reversed these EMT changes.Conclusion. miRNA589 mediates TGFβ1 induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.

Glycerol Toxicity for Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Culture: Comparison with Glucose

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Witowski ◽  
J. Knapowski
Keyword(s):  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Proline Incorporation ◽  
Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

Glycerol has been proposed as a substitute osmotic agent for glucose in peritoneal dialysis fluids. We have compared the effect of glycerol and glucose on the function of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in vitro. The viability of HPMC was not affected by glycerol (up to 250 mM), whereas it was reduced by glucose in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as assessed by the LDH release. Although the incubation of HPMC with glycerol induced a dose-dependent decrease in HPMC proliferation, the effect was significantly less inhibitory than that produced by glucose. In HPMC treated with 90 mM of glycerol or glucose the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine had reached 79.0±19.3% and 55.3+4.0% of the control (p<0.05 and p<0.01), respectively. As measured by the [methyl-14C]-choline incorporation, the intracellular amount of newly synthesized phospholipids was reduced from (cpm/μg cellular protein) 147±58 in control HPMC to 59+15 in cells exposed to 90 mM of glucose (p<0.01), but not affected by glycerol (163±65). On the other hand, both glycerol and glucose (90 mM) decreased the synthesis of proteins (as assessed by the [3H]-proline incorporation) and interfered with potassium (86Rb) transport mechanisms in HPMC. Our data suggest that there exist some possibly advantageous aspects of glycerol as far as mesothelial cell biocompatibility profile is concerned.

scholarly journals Decellularized Skeletal Muscles Support the Generation of In Vitro Neuromuscular Tissue Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9485
Author(s):  
Paolo Raffa ◽  
Maria Easler ◽  
Francesca Cecchinato ◽  
Beatrice Auletta ◽  
Valentina Scattolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
3D In Vitro Model ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

Decellularized skeletal muscle (dSkM) constructs have received much attention in recent years due to the versatility of their applications in vitro. In search of adequate in vitro models of the skeletal muscle tissue, the dSkM offers great advantages in terms of the preservation of native-tissue complexity, including three-dimensional organization, the presence of residual signaling molecules within the construct, and their myogenic and neurotrophic abilities. Here, we attempted to develop a 3D model of neuromuscular tissue. To do so, we repopulated rat dSkM with human primary myogenic cells along with murine fibroblasts and we coupled them with organotypic rat spinal cord samples. Such culture conditions not only maintained multiple cell type viability in a long-term experimental setup, but also resulted in functionally active construct capable of contraction. In addition, we have developed a customized culture system which enabled easy access, imaging, and analysis of in vitro engineered co-cultures. This work demonstrates the ability of dSkM to support the development of a contractile 3D in vitro model of neuromuscular tissue fit for long-term experimental evaluations.

scholarly journals FC 105LITHIUM PRESERVES PERITONEAL MEMBRANE INTEGRITY BY REDUCING MESOTHELIAL CELL ΑB-CRYSTALLIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Herzog ◽  
Guadalupe González ◽  
Maria Bartosova ◽  
Juan Manuel Sacnun ◽  
Lisa Daniel-Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Peritoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Αb Crystallin

Abstract Background and Aims Renal replacement therapy by peritoneal dialysis (PD) is limited in use and duration by progressive impairment of peritoneal membrane integrity and homeostasis. Preservation of peritoneal membrane integrity during chronic PD remains an urgent but long-unmet medical need. PD therapy failure results from peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis caused by hypertonic PD fluid (PDF)-induced mesothelial cytotoxicity. The incompletely defined pathophysiological mechanisms involved confound informed selection of therapeutic targets. Addition of cytoprotective agents to PDF have been shown to counteract pathophysiological mechanisms induced by current PDF. Lithium is a well described inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and has recently been shown to also have nephroprotective effects in low doses. Here, we aim to characterize icodextrin-based, PDF-induced cellular injury with a combined omics approach and to investigate the effects of LiCl on the PD-induced observed molecular perturbations. Method To investigate mechanisms of acute cellular damage by PDF we chose an in vitro model of primary omental-derived peritoneal mesothelial cells with direct exposure to icodextrin-based PDF, followed by short-term or extended recovery for detection of short-term and long-term changes in transcriptome, proteome, and cell injury. 0, 2.5 or 10 mM LiCl were added to the PDF. In-vitro findings were validated in peritoneal biopsies (n=41) from pediatric PD and CDK5 patients or healthy controls and peritoneal effluents from adult and pediatric PD patients (n=27) or ascites samples (n=4) as control. For in-vivo experiments, healthy and uremic mice (C57/Bl6, female) were chronically exposed to PD-fluid without or with the addition of 5 mM LiCl via an implanted catheter. In-vivo overexpression of CRYAB was induced by i.p. injection of an adenoviral vector. All animal experiments and use of patient samples were approved by the local ethics committees and performed according to animal protection laws or the Declaration of Helsinki, respectively. Results LiCl significantly improved mesothelial cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of icodextrin-based PDF-induced mesothelial cell injury identified αB-crystallin as the mesothelial cell protein most significantly and consistently counter-regulated by LiCl. In-vitro and in-vivo overexpression of αB-crystallin triggered a fibrotic phenotype and PDF-like upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31-positive cells, and TGFβ-independent activation of TGFβ-regulated targets. In contrast, αB-crystallin knock-down decreased VEGF expression and early mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). LiCl reduced VEGF release and counteracted fibrosis- and angiogenesis-associated processes. αB-crystallin in patient-derived mesothelial cells was specifically upregulated in response to PDF and increased in peritoneal mesothelial cells from pediatric PD patient biopsies, correlating with markers of angiogenesis and fibrosis. Conclusion The cytoprotective effects of LiCl-supplemented PDF may be explained by counter-regulation of PD-induced angiogenesis via the novel target αB-crystallin. Reduction of mesothelial cell damage, peritoneal fibrosis and VEGF suggests therapeutic potential of this intervention. Repurposing LiCl as a cytoprotective PDF additive may offer a translatable therapeutic strategy to combat peritoneal membrane deterioration during PD therapy. Further study of LiCl-supplemented PDF is merited as a realistic approach to improving treatment longevity and patient outcomes during PD treatment.

scholarly journals 3D bioprinting of hepatocytes: core–shell structured co-cultures with fibroblasts for enhanced functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Taymour ◽  
David Kilian ◽  
Tilman Ahlfeld ◽  
Michael Gelinsky ◽  
Anja Lode
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractWith the aim of understanding and recapitulating cellular interactions of hepatocytes in their physiological microenvironment and to generate an artificial 3D in vitro model, a co-culture system using 3D extrusion bioprinting was developed. A bioink based on alginate and methylcellulose (algMC) was first shown to be suitable for bioprinting of hepatocytes; the addition of Matrigel to algMC enhanced proliferation and morphology of them in monophasic scaffolds. Towards a more complex system that allows studying cellular interactions, we applied core–shell bioprinting to establish tailored 3D co-culture models for hepatocytes. The bioinks were specifically functionalized with natural matrix components (based on human plasma, fibrin or Matrigel) and used to co-print fibroblasts and hepatocytes in a spatially defined, coaxial manner. Fibroblasts acted as supportive cells for co-cultured hepatocytes, stimulating the expression of certain biomarkers of hepatocytes like albumin. Furthermore, matrix functionalization positively influenced both cell types in their respective compartments by enhancing their adhesion, viability, proliferation and function. In conclusion, we established a functional co-culture model with independently tunable compartments for different cell types via core–shell bioprinting. This provides the basis for more complex in vitro models allowing co-cultivation of hepatocytes with other liver-specific cell types to closely resemble the liver microenvironment.

Co-cultured endometrial stromal cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells for an in vitro model of endometriosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenling Chen ◽  
Yi Dai ◽  
Zhe Dong ◽  
Menghui Li ◽  
Xuan Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals In Vitro Model of Bartonella henselae-Induced Angiogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7315-7317 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Type I ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT Bartonella henselae is a gram-negative pathogen that causes angiogenesis. Here, I establish in vitro models to study Bartonella-induced blood vessel formation. I found that B. henselae induces long-term endothelial survival and tubular differentiation within type I collagen matrix.

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