scholarly journals HDlive in the Assessment of Fetal Facial Abnormalities

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Tanaka ◽  
Rina Uematsu
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Shadowing Effect ◽  
Facial Anatomy ◽  
3D Sonography ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
New Skin

ABSTRACT We present the latest HDlive images of normal fetal faces and facial abnormalities. Fetal facial anatomical structures, such as the eyes, nose, ears and mouth, are clearly evident at 12 to 13 weeks of gestation. HDlive with the use of new skin-like colors provides sonographers and physicians with a natural and anatomically realistic appearance of the fetal face. Moreover, HDlive images provide entirely new visual experiences for obstetricians owing to the anatomically realistic depiction of the normal fetal face and fetal facial abnormalities in utero. HDlive can provide clearer facial images than conventional three-dimensional (3D) sonography. In particular, HDlive is superior to conventional 3D sonography for the depiction of fetal eyes because of its shadowing effect. HDlive may be a useful diagnostic modality for the antenatal evaluation of normal fetal facial anatomy and fetal facial abnormalities. How to cite this article Hata T, Hanaoka U, Uematsu R, Marumo G, Tanaka H. HDlive in the Assessment of Fetal Facial Abnormalities. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(4):344-352.

scholarly journals Lobectomy for lung cancer with a displaced left B1 + 2 and an anomalous pulmonary vein: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Sakamoto ◽  
Hiromitsu Takizawa ◽  
Naoya Kawakita ◽  
Akira Tangoku
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Anomalous Pulmonary Vein

Abstract Background A displaced left B1 + 2 accompanied by an anomalous pulmonary vein is a rare condition involving complex structures. There is a risk of unexpected injuries to bronchi and blood vessels when patients with such anomalies undergo surgery for lung cancer. Case presentation A 59-year-old male with suspected lung cancer in the left lower lobe was scheduled to undergo surgery. Chest computed tomography revealed a displaced B1 + 2 and hyperlobulation between S1 + 2 and S3, while the interlobar fissure between S1 + 2 and S6 was completely fused. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) revealed an anomalous V1 + 2 joining the left inferior pulmonary vein and a branch of the V1 + 2 running between S1 + 2 and S6. We performed left lower lobectomy via video-assisted thoracic surgery, while taking care with the abovementioned anatomical structures. The strategy employed in this operation was to preserve V1 + 2 and confirm the locations of B1 + 2 and B6 when dividing the fissure. Conclusion The aim of the surgical procedure performed in this case was to divide the fissure between S1 + 2 and the inferior lobe to reduce the risk of an unexpected bronchial injury. 3D-CT helps surgeons to understand the stereoscopic positional relationships among anatomical structures.

scholarly journals Disturbance-Region Removal on Landmark-less Registration of Craniofacial Images Acquired by CBCT and 3D Photography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shu-Yen Wan ◽  
◽  
Lun-Jou Lo ◽  
Che-Yao Chang
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Fiducial Markers ◽  
Surface Mesh ◽  
Symmetric Region ◽  
The Face ◽  
3D Photography ◽  
Facial Images

Superimposition of cranio-maxillofacial images acquired from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and facial images acquired from three-dimensional photography (3D photography) can assist in diagnosis and surgical planning. Conventional approaches individually identified prominent facial landmarks on both modalities, respectively and assessed their correspondence. Considering, however, variation of facial expressions or drastic feature distortion when the face or head was imaged at different timing, landmark registration can become challenging. This paper proposes a disturbance-region removal (DRR) procedure to improve the efficacy of registration. The disturbance regions (DRs) are defined as those exhibiting strong responses in the concavity intensity maps that are computed from the facial surface mesh. Following this identification process for the DRs, an adapted symmetric region growing algorithm is used to form the connected DRs that are to be removed prior to superimposition of both modalities. The results show a twenty-eight percent better match of overall correspondence of the facial fiducial markers. Instead of being the registration guides in conventional approaches, in this study the fiducial markers are employed as only a means to assess the performance of registration

Two- and three-dimensional sonography of anomalies of orofacial area in the first trimester of gestation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Venchikova, À.À. Ershova-Pavlova, I.V. Novikova et all
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Trimester Screening ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
3D Sonography

As part of the population-based prenatal screening of 900 pregnant women, who underwent 1st trimester screening at the RPMC “Mother and Child” in 2018–2019, an ultrasound scan of the fetal palate was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of new ultrasound markers in detecting orofacial clefts (OFC). Fetal palatal defects were screened at a 2D assessment of bone markers of the palate – the image of the palatal line in the sagittal section, the retronasal triangle in the coronary section, the alveolar arch of the upper jaw in the axial section. If a palate abnormality was detected or suspected in the 2D study, the fetal palate was evaluated using the 3D mode. In 50 pregnant women of the control group, 3D sonography of the fetal palate was performed in the norm. In total, during the gestation period of 10+5–12+5 weeks, 10 cases of OFC were detected, of which 1 case was a median lip/palate cleft (LPC), 6 — bilateral LPC, 1 — left-sided LPC, 1 — unspecified LPC, 1 — PC. Visualization of 2D ultrasound markers was possible in 9 cases of palate anomalies, 3D assessment worked out in all 10 cases. In all identified OFC cases, cytogenetic and/or pathomorphological studies were performed.

scholarly journals Performance of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Systems in Visualizing the Cortical Plate in 3D Image Reconstruction: An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 586-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Shokri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jamalpour ◽  
Amir Eskandarloo ◽  
Mostafa Godiny ◽  
Payam Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
3D Image Reconstruction ◽  
Dental Procedures

Introduction: Cortical bone is an important anatomical structure and its thickness needs to be determined prior to many dental procedures to ensure treatment success. Imaging modalities are necessarily used in dentistry for treatment planning and dental procedures. Three-dimensional image reconstruction not only provides visual information but also enables accurate measurement of anatomical structures; thus, it is necessarily required for maxillofacial examination and in case of skeletal problems in this region. Aims: This study aimed to assess the ability of three Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) systems including Cranex 3D, NewTom 3G and 3D Promax for Three-Dimensional (3D) image reconstruction of the cortical plate with variable thicknesses. Methods: Depending on the cortical bone thickness, samples were evaluated in three groups of ≤ 0. 5 mm, 0.6 -1 mm and 1.1-1.5 mm cortical bone thickness. The CBCT scans were obtained from each sample using three systems, their respective FOVs, and 3D scans were reconstructed using their software programs. Two observers viewed the images twice with a two-week interval. The ability of each system in the 3D reconstruction of different thicknesses of cortical bone was determined based on its visualization on the scans. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Kappa test. Results: The three systems showed the greatest difference in the 3D reconstruction of cortical bone with < 0.5 mm thickness. Cranex 3D with 4×6 cm2 FOV had the highest and 3D Promax with 8×8 cm2 FOV had the lowest efficacy for 3D reconstruction of cortical bone. Cranex 3D with 4×6 cm2 and 6×8 cm2 FOVs and NewTom 3G with 5×5 cm2 and 8×5 cm2 FOVs showed significantly higher efficacy for 3D reconstruction of cortical bone with 0.6-1mm thickness while 3D Promax followed by NewTom 3G with 8×8 cm2 FOV had the lowest efficacy for this purpose. Conclusion: Most CBCT systems have high efficacy for 3D image reconstruction of cortical bone with thicknesses over 1 mm while they have poor efficacy for image reconstruction of cortical bone with less than 0.5 mm thickness. Thus, for accurate visualization of anatomical structures on CBCT scans, systems with smaller FOVs and consequently smaller voxel size are preferred.

scholarly journals Integration of digital maxillary dental casts with 3D facial images in orthodontic patients:

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoxing Xiao ◽  
Zijin Liu ◽  
Yan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Dental Casts

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) accuracy and reliability of nonradiographic dentofacial images integrated with a two-step method. Methods 3D facial images, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and digital maxillary dental casts were obtained from 20 pre-orthodontic subjects. Digital dental casts were integrated into 3D facial images using a two-step method based on the anterior tooth area. 3D coordinate values of five dental landmarks were identified in both dentofacial images and CBCT images. The accuracy of the integration method was assessed with paired t-tests between dentofacial images and CBCT-based reference standards. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were assessed for the reliability of dentofacial images and CBCT-based images. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests evaluated the accuracy of the method in different dimensions. Results There was no statistical difference between dentofacial images and CBCT reference standards in both translational and rotational dimensions (P &gt; .05). Translational mean absolute errors for full dentitions were within 0.42 mm and ICCs were over 0.998 in x, y, and z directions. Rotational mean absolute errors for full dentitions were within 0.92° and ICCs over 0.734 in pitch, yaw, and roll orientations. Integration errors were significantly greater in the first molar, z-translation, and pitch rotation (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Integrating 3D dentofacial images with the two-step method is precise and acceptable for clinical diagnostics and scientific purposes. Errors were greater in the molar region, z-translation, and pitch rotation.

scholarly journals Stresses and strains on the human fetal skeleton during development

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (138) ◽  
pp. 20170593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaan W. Verbruggen ◽  
Bernhard Kainz ◽  
Susan C. Shelmerdine ◽  
Joseph V. Hajnal ◽  
Mary A. Rutherford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
Potential Link

Mechanical forces generated by fetal kicks and movements result in stimulation of the fetal skeleton in the form of stress and strain. This stimulation is known to be critical for prenatal musculoskeletal development; indeed, abnormal or absent movements have been implicated in multiple congenital disorders. However, the mechanical stress and strain experienced by the developing human skeleton in utero have never before been characterized. Here, we quantify the biomechanics of fetal movements during the second half of gestation by modelling fetal movements captured using novel cine-magnetic resonance imaging technology. By tracking these movements, quantifying fetal kick and muscle forces, and applying them to three-dimensional geometries of the fetal skeleton, we test the hypothesis that stress and strain change over ontogeny. We find that fetal kick force increases significantly from 20 to 30 weeks' gestation, before decreasing towards term. However, stress and strain in the fetal skeleton rises significantly over the latter half of gestation. This increasing trend with gestational age is important because changes in fetal movement patterns in late pregnancy have been linked to poor fetal outcomes and musculoskeletal malformations. This research represents the first quantification of kick force and mechanical stress and strain due to fetal movements in the human skeleton in utero , thus advancing our understanding of the biomechanical environment of the uterus. Further, by revealing a potential link between fetal biomechanics and skeletal malformations, our work will stimulate future research in tissue engineering and mechanobiology.

Echocardiography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Marek ◽  
Folkert Meijboom
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function ◽  
Almost All

Echocardiographic techniques have revolutionized the practice of congenital cardiology over the last three decades. Due to its non-invasive nature and high temporal resolution, echocardiography enables cardiac structures to be imaged as early as the 14th gestational week and it remains the superior diagnostic modality in small children. While transoesophageal (TOE) two-dimensional echocardiography has become an integral part of almost all cardiac interventions, real-time three-dimensional TOE used in older children and adults may help surgeons to understand dynamic spatial relationships of intracardiac structures, enabling them to achieve the best result of an operation. Post bypass, two- and three-dimensional TOE studies significantly reduce the number of reoperations, unnecessary bypass procedures, and general anaesthetics. A developing technique known as tissue deformation imaging enables the assessment of global and regional myocardial systolic and diastolic function even in small hearts. Although mainly used for research, in some specific situations these techniques may modify further diagnostic management, optimize medication, or even change clinical management. Despite its known limitations, echocardiography remains a routine imaging modality for all patients with congenital heart disease, being a definitive imaging modality prior to intervention for many children and screening imaging for older children and adults with congenital heart disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document