What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Merz
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The corpus callosum is the main commissure of the fetal brain and can be displayed with two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound. However, only 3D ultrasound provides the operator with the possibility to adjust the three orthogonal planes of the brain in that way that the entire corpus callosum is shown precisely in the median plane. The aim of this article is to provide the most recent information on the assessment of the fetal corpus callosum by means of 3D ultrasound. Different topics are highlighted, such as advantage of 3D ultrasound over 2D ultrasound, indications for displaying the fetal corpus callosum, demonstration of the normal and abnormal corpus callosum and biometric measurements of the fetal corpus callosum by 3D ultrasound. Furthermore the question is raised whether fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can give additional information to the 3D ultrasound examination and whether the diagnosis resulting from 3D neurosonography gives us the chance for a better counseling of parents who are confronted with the diagnosis of a fetal corpus callosum pathology. How to cite this article Merz E, Pashaj S. What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):163-169.

scholarly journals Abnormalities of the Corpus Callosum

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Eberhard Merz ◽  
Sonila Pashaj
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Prenatal Counselling ◽  
Ultrasound Technology

ABSTRACT Presence or absence of the fetal corpus callosum plays an important role in prenatal counselling. With the recent development of 3D ultrasound technology, it is not only possible to demonstrate the corpus callosum precisely in the median plane but also to perform measurements of its different anatomical parts. This permits the diagnosis of hypoplasia and hyperplasia of the corpus callosum. Three-dimensional ultrasound enables even the unexperienced sonographer to take volumes of the fetal brain. Showing these volumes to experts in the field of neurosonography, corpus callosum pathologies can be detected via virtual examinations. Regarding all corpus callosum anomalies, hypo- and hyperplasia are the less reported corpus callosum abnormalities in the literature. Further investigations are necessary to predict the outcome of fetuses with corpus callosum pathologies. How to cite this article Pashaj S, Merz E. Abnormalities of the Corpus Callosum. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):288-293.

scholarly journals 3-Dimensional Ultrasound: How can the Fetal Corpus Callosum Be Demonstrated Correctly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonila Pashaj ◽  
Eberhard Merz
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe aim of this article is to outline the correct demonstration of the fetal corpus callosum with 3D ultrasound between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation. An abdominal or transvaginal 3D transducer can be used for acquisition of the fetal brain depending on the position of the fetus. The best demonstration of the corpus callosum can be achieved, when the volume with the corpus callosum is acquired from a sagittal or parasagittal sectional plane of the brain. Once the volume is stored in the memory, the multiplanar mode allows manipulation in all three dimensions until the exact median plane is seen, showing the corpus callosum as a hypo- or anechoic curved structure. Volume acquisition of the brain from an axial plane of the fetal head – typically used for biometrical measurements of the head diameters – is not recommended for clinical evaluation of the corpus callosum because the reconstructed median plane does not reveal the margins and the structure of the corpus callosum precisely. Other display modes such as volume contrast imaging (VCI), OmniView-VCI, and tomographic display may also be used for demonstration of the corpus callosum. However, these display modes only provide the operator with good image quality of the corpus callosum if the fetal brain was acquired from a sagittal and not from an axial plane. Conclusion 3D ultrasound is an excellent clinical tool for the exact presentation of the fetal corpus callosum because it allows volume manipulation of the fetal head in all three dimensions with precise demonstration of the median plane of the brain.

scholarly journals Ventriculomegaly

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Pasquale Capuano ◽  
Andrea Sciarrone ◽  
Luca Di Cagno ◽  
Mariangela Cialdella
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Brain Anomalies ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly (VM) is defined as an enlargement of the lateral ventricles of the developing fetal brain. It is diagnosed when the width of one or both lateral ventricles, measured at the level of the atrium, is ≥10 mm. Ventriculomegaly is defined as mild when the atrial width is 10 to 12 mm, moderate 12.1 to 15 mm, and severe >15 mm. It can be isolated, but often is a sign of different pathological conditions. Since the prognosis in cases of VM depends mainly on the associated anomalies, a careful examination of the fetus, particularly of the brain, is mandatory. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a useful diagnostic tool complementary to ultrasound in order to recognize subtle brain anomalies, such as neuronal migration and proliferation disorders. In this review article, the diagnostic workup, the counseling, and the outcome of fetal VM are discussed. How to cite this article D’Addario V, Di Cagno L, Capuano P, Cialdella M. Ventriculomegaly. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):276-281.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Manifesting with Frontal Brain Edema

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
Mário Emílio Teixeira Dourado Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Humberto de Miranda Félix ◽  
Marcos Dias Leão
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis ◽  
Falx Cerebri ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebral Parenchyma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare inflammatory disease that results in thickening of the dura mater. Atypically, it can progress to include the involvement of the cerebral parenchyma. Method. In this paper, we report the rare case of a 31-year-old man with a three-week history of headaches, seizures, impairments of cognitive function, and changes in behavior and mood. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a thickening and an abnormal enhancement of the dura mater over the falx cerebri with extensions into the adjacent cranial base and with brain edemas in the frontal lobes. Histopathological study of meningeal and brain biopsies showed an inflammatory process that was compatible with HP. The results of an extensive laboratory investigation were unremarkable and did not provide additional information on the cause of the meningeal disease. The patient exhibited relapses despite immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion. This case shows the challenges associated with the management of the disease and the importance of early diagnosis to avoid worsening of the condition and cerebral damage.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-384
Author(s):  
KyongHon Pooh ◽  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography ◽  
Arteries And Veins

ABSTRACT Transvaginal high-resolution ultrasound and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound has been establishing sonoembryology in the first trimester as well as neurosonography. Fetal brain is rapidly developing and changing its appearance week by week during pregnancy. The most important organ but it is quite hard to observe detailed structure of this organ by conventional transabdominal sonography. It is possible to observe the whole brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging in the post half of pregnancy, but it is difficult in the first half of gestation and transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound is the most powerful modality. As for brain vascularization, main arteries and veins have been demonstrated and evaluated in various CNS conditions. How to cite this article Pooh RK, Pooh K. Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):369-384.

scholarly journals Male and Female, Prenatal Brain Development Differs in Response to the Maternal Omega 3 and 6 Nutritional Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 734-734
Author(s):  
Michael Crawford ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
Yiqun Wang ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Nora Tusor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objectives To establish why prenatal brain growth in male fetuses responded to an omega-3-rich supplement but the females did not. Methods In a study of maternal lipid status during pregnancy in relation to regional fetal brain development a supplement containing long chain polyenoic fatty acids (300 mg of docosahexaenoic acid DHA, 42 mg eicosapentaenoic (EPA), 8.4 mg arachidonic and placebo 721 mg of oleic acid). Magnetic resonance images were obtained of newborn brains. Quantitative analysis of regions of the brain showed the supplement enhanced brain volume, with and without CSF, cortex, whole grey matter, and corpus callosum but only boys. Results We wish to report correlations for arachidonic and stearic acids with several regions of brain growth in girls but not boys: for example, maternal RBC stearic acid at recruitment correlated with whole cortex (0.85 p < 0.0002), grey matter (0.847 p < 0.0002), corpus callosum (0.699 p < 0.008), whole brain (0.792 p < 0.001), brain plus CSF (0.733 p < 0.004, n = 13). Correlations with arachidonic acid at delivery reflected its index of arachidonic biomagnification and linoleic bioreduction. This measure of placental efficiency for arachidonic was for cortex (0.748 p < 0. 0034), deep grey matter (0.659 p < 0.014), whole grey matter (0.753 p < 0.003), hippocampus (0.611 p < 0.03), lentiform (0.774 p < 0.002), thalami (0.654 p < 0.015), corpus callosum (0.640 p < 0.018), brain (0.685 p < 0.0098), brain with CSF (0.774 p < 0.0019 n = 12). None were seen with the placebo boys (n = 22). Following embryogenesis, the placenta develops ahead of the demands of fetal growth. The fetal cardiovascular system is required to develop to support organogenesis and the brain growth thrust. The fetal immune system is required to help maintain pregnancy and for birth. All these systems are rich in arachidonic acid with little omega 3. The placenta biomagnifies arachidonic acid for the fetus: (typically maternal plasma lecithin 8.76% ± 1.49 CFD fetal cord 17.5% ± 3.22 p < 0.0001 (n = 44), whereas DHA in the same mothers was 4.13% ± 0.98 vs 5.79% ± 1.69 p < 0.0001. Conclusions We conclude that arachidonic acid is playing an as yet, unseen role, and female physiology is more focused on arachidonic acid to serve the basics of reproduction. Funding Sources The Mother and Child Foundation, Waterloo Foundation and the BORNE Charity.

scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis of Morbidly Adherent Placenta with 2D Ultrasonography, 3D Color Power Doppler and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Sawsan Al Obaidly
Keyword(s):  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Massive Hemorrhage ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
2D Ultrasound

Abstract The incidence of placenta accreta/percreta should rise steadily over the next century as the frequency of cesarean sections and advanced maternal age, both independent risk factors, increases. Patients who are at risk should be identified. The diagnosis of placenta previa accreta/percreta is possible by using gray-scale sonography, conventional color Doppler imaging and MRI through studying the relation of placenta to the uterine wall and nearby pelvic structures. The potentially new modality of 3D and 3D color power Doppler ultrasound has it's value as a tool to achieve significantly increased diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of massive hemorrhage by assessing the extent, location and quantification of abnormal uteroplacental neovascularization. Hence, 3D ultrasound has the potential for providing additional information over conventional 2D ultrasound studies in the diagnosis of placenta previa percreta. The diagnosis and anticipation of the problem achieve the best results for the obstetrician and the patient.

scholarly journals Follicular Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-312
Author(s):  
CB Nagori
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
3D Power Doppler ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Follicular Vascularity

ABSTRACT Assessment of the follicular maturity and endometrial receptivity and the time of hCG is one of the key factors for success of all ART procedures. Maturation of the follicle and the endometrium, ovulation and leutinization is a process of multiple biochemical, morphological and vascular changes. The vascular changes are reflection of the biochemical changes and can be studied by color Doppler. 3D ultrasound gives a better assessment of the follicular and endometrial size, that is the anatomical maturity, than 2D ultrasound and 3D power Doppler gives not only qualitative but also quantitative idea of global vascularity, that is the reflection of functional/physiological maturity. Follicular vascularity distribution and flow indices can be better parameters of follicular quality and can be more reliable parameters to decide the time of hCG and IUI. Endometrial assessment can be more meaningful if its morphology is studied more in detail along with abundance of its vascularity as well as flow indices. Thus, deciding correct time of hCG can improve conception rates in ART cycles. How to cite this article Panchal S, Nagori CB. Follicular Monitoring. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 6(3):300-312.

scholarly journals The Role of 2D and 3D Ultrasound in Evaluation of Fetal Gastrointestinal Anomalies

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Sanja Zaputovic ◽  
Sanja Kupesic Plavsic ◽  
Milan Stanojevic ◽  
Mallory K Hughes ◽  
Branko M Plavsic
Keyword(s):  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Prenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defects ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
2D And 3D

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the role of second mid-trimester ultrasound in prenatal detection of gastrointestinal (GI) fetal anomalies and compare the ultrasonographic findings with postnatal diagnosis. Materials and methods A 5-year retrospective study included 16,334 neonates delivered at a tertiary referral center. All neonates were evaluated by a second mid-trimester 2D ultrasound fetal anatomy scan. Patients with abnormal findings on 2D scan were also examined by 3D ultrasound. Postnatally confirmed GI anomalies were compared with prenatal ultrasound assessment of two sections of fetal abdomen which had analyzed the presence, size and position of the stomach, umbilical cord insertion and have assessed the amniotic fluid index (AFI). Results Prenatal ultrasound revealed 28 out of 38 fetal GI anomalies (73.6%). All GI anomalies initially diagnosed with 2D ultrasound were confirmed by 3D ultrasound. The major advantage of multiplanar imaging was more comprehensive anatomical information about GI anomalies. Surface rendering provided additional information in evaluating fetuses with anterior abdominal wall defects. Conclusion Our data indicate that standard planes obtained by 2D ultrasound can rule out a majority of fetal GI anomalies. Assessment of AFI should be an integral part of prenatal ultrasound scan in detection of GI anomalies, particularly in GI obstruction. How to cite this article Stanojevic M, Hughes MK, Zaputovic S, Kupesic Plavsic S, Plavsic BM. The Role of 2D and 3D Ultrasound in Evaluation of Fetal Gastrointestinal Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):316-320.

scholarly journals Utility of invasive ictal EEG recordings in pre-surgical evaluation of patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and normal MRI

2015 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 066-071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Chung ◽  
Kimford Meador ◽  
Stephan Eisenschenk ◽  
Georges Ghacibeh ◽  
Deborah Vergara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Surgical Decision ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ictal Eeg ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPurpose Some previous studies have suggested that invasive ictal recording may be omitted in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that have localizing scalp ictal recordings despite having normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated if and how often invasive ictal recording provided additional information to their pre-surgical evaluations.Methods In a retrospective review of 302 patients with intractable TLE who underwent pre-surgical evaluation between 1991 and 2006, we identified 45 patients who had normal MRI. Localization by scalp ictal recording, invasive ictal recording, and surgical procedures were obtained from medical records. Primary outcome was measured by comparing the concordance of localization by scalp and invasive ictal recordings and surgery to determine if invasive ictal recording provided additional information.Results Twenty-five patients were included in the analysis. Invasive ictal recordings were concordant in 72.0% (18/25) of the patients with unilateral temporal onset found on scalp ictal recording. 28.0% (7/25) of patients had their surgical plan altered by the results of invasive ictal recording. 61.1% (11/18) of patients who received anterior temporal lobectomies (ATL) remained seizure-free. Of the patients who received different surgeries based on invasive ictal recording, 80.0% (4/5) remained seizure-free.Conclusions Our study showed that findings from invasive ictal recording changed the type of surgery in 28.0% of the patients. Invasive ictal recording may not be an absolute prerequisite for resective epilepsy surgery in some patients with intractable TLE with a supposedly normal MRI of the brain but may alter the surgical decision.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document