scholarly journals Steroid-induced Glaucoma: An Avoidable Irreversible Blindness

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Pandav ◽  
Savleen Kaur ◽  
Sushmita Kaushik ◽  
Sonia Phulke
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Systemic Steroid ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Irreversible Blindness

ABSTRACT Steroids are a group of anti-inflammatory drugs, commonly used to treat ocular and systemic conditions. Unmonitored use of steroids especially in eye drop formulations is common in situations when it is easily available over-the-counter, resulting in undesirable side effects. Among the ocular side effects, cataract and glaucoma are common. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension was reported in 1950, when long-term use of systemic steroid was shown to increase the intraocular pressure (IOP). Chronic administration of steroids in any form with raised IOP can cause optic neuropathy resulting in steroid-induced glaucoma. This review describes the pathophysiology and epidemio­logy of steroid-induced glaucoma, recognition of side effects, and principles of management. The purpose is to familiarize all clinicians with the potential dangers of administering steroids without monitoring the eye and the dangers of irreversible blindness in some instances of habitual self-prescription by patients. How to cite this article Phulke S, Kaushik S, Kaur S, Pandav SS. Steroid-induced Glaucoma: An Avoidable Irreversible Blindness. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(2):67-72.

Natural inhibitors against potential targets of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and leukotrienes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishita Dey ◽  
Sudatta Dey ◽  
Asmita Samadder ◽  
Anil Saxena ◽  
Sisir Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Great Acceptance ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Lox Inhibitors ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Background: The cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes catalyze the production of pain mediators like prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) respectively from arachidonic acid. Introduction: The COX and LOX enzyme modulators are responsible for the major PGs and LTs mediated complications like asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, neuropathy and cardiovascular syndromes (CVS). Many synthetic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in the treatment have serious side effects like nausea, vomiting, hyperacidity, gastrointestinal ulcers, CVS, etc. Methods: The natural inhibitors of pain mediators have great acceptance worldwide due to fewer side effects on long-term uses. The present review is an extensive study of the advantages of plant-based vs synthetic inhibitors. Results: These natural COX and LOX inhibitors control inflammatory response without causing side-effect-related complicacy. Conclusion: Therefore, the natural COX and LOX inhibitors may be used as alternative medicines for the management of pain and inflammation due to their less toxicity and resistivity.

Gastroprotection during long-term NSAID use – what we know after 120 years of observations?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Michał Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Nsaid Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications. The broad spectrum of side effects following long-term NSAID therapy includes mainly, but not only, gastrointestinal complications. Risk stratification of the gastrointestinal complications events is an important element of planning NSAIDs therapy, which allows to determine the indications for the use of proton pump inhibitors. This article presents the criteria for assessment and the method of adequate prevention of gastrointestinal side effects in patients receiving long-term NSAID therapy.

scholarly journals Ocular Side Effects of EGFR-Inhibitor ABT-414 in Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Long-Term Safety Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Parrozzani ◽  
Giuseppe Lombardi ◽  
Edoardo Midena ◽  
Davide Londei ◽  
Marta Padovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Egfr Inhibitor ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Ocular Side

scholarly journals Long-term Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations and Risk of Conversion from Ocular Hypertension to Glaucoma

Ophthalmology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Medeiros ◽  
Robert N. Weinreb ◽  
Linda M. Zangwill ◽  
Luciana M. Alencar ◽  
Pamela A. Sample ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations

scholarly journals Possible Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Hearing Loss Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michał Wiciński ◽  
Bartosz Malinowski ◽  
Oskar Puk ◽  
Karol Górski ◽  
Dawid Adamkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
The Impact

For their being considered safe and as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most frequently used medicines nowadays. However, for the last couple of years, many researches analyzing PPI were conducted and these studies shed light on PPI side effects and mechanisms of these processes. Particularly, interesting is the impact of PPI on hearing loss development. However, this side effect seems to be local and its mechanisms are complex and systemic and involve changes in the whole body. This paper summarizes how through, inter alia, alterations in circulatory system, respiratory system, central nervous system, and metabolic changes PPI can cause hearing impairment, which can occur at every age and is connected with long-term use of this group of drugs. Another important finding is the role of PPI in acceleration of presbycusis development which is disturbing with regard to the fact that elders are the group who most frequently use PPI in the long term. Hearing loss is the factor which gravely decreases life quality, especially among elders who are the most afflicted group; thus, administration of PPI should be considered carefully, taking under consideration all benefits and all potential side effects.

scholarly journals What can visual caregivers expect with patients treated for SARS-CoV-2? An analysis of ongoing clinical trials and ocular side effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212095832
Author(s):  
Isabel Fambuena-Muedra ◽  
Marta Jiménez-García ◽  
Sarah Hershko ◽  
Irene Altemir-Gómez ◽  
Ana Tobarra-López
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Detailed Search ◽  
Ocular Side Effect

Within the COVID-19 pandemic context, the WHO has proposed a list of medicines to treat patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). An analysis of their ocular side effects was performed. Only chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were found to have an ocular impact in the medium and long-term. Detailed search strategies were performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and WOS Core Collection. Additionally, the worldwide ongoing clinical trials including chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine were evaluated, and their proposals of drug administration and exclusion criteria analyzed. In general, high maximum cumulative doses of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine are being used for a short period in 135 currently underway clinical trials (to 21st April 2020). Typically, the doses were 2 to 5 times greater than the AAO recommendation (adjusted to weight) to avoid toxic retinopathy, the most undesirable ocular side effect. Maximum cumulative doses up to 12,000 mg for chloroquine and 18,000 mg for hydroxychloroquine were found. In prophylaxis clinical trials, 72,000 mg and 22,500 mg were the maximum cumulative doses for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine respectively. Only 48% of the clinical trials considered retinal impairment as an exclusion criterion, and just one referred to an ophthalmic examination previous to study inclusion. How chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine treatment affect patients with a previous retinal condition is still poorly understood. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination 6 months after treatment is recommended in this subgroup. This review provides an overview of this topic and sheds light on the challenges visual caregivers may face regarding these repurposed drugs.

scholarly journals Corticosteroid-Sparing Effect of Chromoglycate Sodium and Nedocromil

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. S25-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Capristo ◽  
M. Miraglia del Giudice Jr ◽  
C. Alfaro ◽  
N. Maiello
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Bronchial Hyper Responsiveness ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent

The most appropiate management for bronchial asthma is the control of airway inflammation. Corticosteroids are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs available, but they have a number of side effects; most of these are dose-dependent. In children, asthma control should be accomplished with low steroid doses possibly given by inhalation. In a double-bind placebo-controlled crossover study a group of children with mild to moderate asthma received NED 16 mg/day or BDP 400 μg/day. Values for FEV1, PEF, symptoms use ofbronchodilators overlapped, whereas bronchial hyper-responsiveness assessed by histamine bronchoprovocation challenge was better with BDP than NED. In another case, one boy with high bronchial hyper-reactivity assessed by provocation test with hypertonic solution, experienced a significant improvement only after 2 weeks of therapy with Deflazacort (2 mg/Kg/day) followed by 4 months on combined treatment with NED (16 mg/day) and BDP (300 μ/day). Authors conclude that NED could have a steroidsparing effect over long-term use.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nasal Steroid Administration on Intraocular Pressure

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Spiliotopoulos ◽  
Nicholas S. Mastronikolis ◽  
Ioannis K. Petropoulos ◽  
Ephigenia K. Mela ◽  
Panos D. Goumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Systemic Steroid ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Nasal Steroids ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Nasal Steroid ◽  
Iop Elevation

The effect of systemic steroid administration on intraocular pressure (IOP) is well established. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of steroids when administered in a nasal spray. We conducted a study to investigate a possible association between nasal steroids and elevated IOP in 54 patients who were being treated for allergic rhinitis. IOP was measured before the patients started therapy and thereafter every 5 days during that therapy. Follow-up ranged from 27 to 35 days (mean: 31). Statistical analysis revealed no significant elevation in IOP after nasal steroid administration. It seems that short-term administration of nasal steroids does not cause significant IOP elevation. Nevertheless, their long-term effects on this pressure should be investigated.

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