Processes in meat oxidation and usage of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus (L.) Schleid.,) as a natural antioxidant

Objective: Lipid oxidation of meat is one of the most important factors affecting shelf life and is one of the decisive factors in the consumer's purchase decision of the product. Therefore, information related to lipid oxidation using rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus (L.) Schleid.) as a natural antioxidant is described and analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: Mechanisms of oxidation were explored and described, as well as the alternatives to stop this process and different methodologies to measure antioxidant activity and innovative alternatives that are currently being investigated. Results: Appling antioxidants is one of the most widely used methods to counteract the oxidation process in meat. Currently, using herbs and spices has gained great acceptance, as in the case of rosemary. Its usage obtained satisfactory results for inhibiting and delaying lipid oxidation. Limitations of the study/implications: Using rosemary may have some drawbacks such as incorporating a strong flavor to the meat and the effects that its active compounds may have when exposed to oxygen, heat and humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to research for alternatives that will allow better preservation and availability of its compounds. Findings/conclusions: Nanoencapsulation of rosemary may be an alternative to the drawbacks of its use, working as a protective barrier for improved performance and improving food safety. However, this innovation is just being explored and is therefore not possible to have a certainty of success when using these new technological alternatives.

Natural inhibitors against potential targets of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and leukotrienes

Background: The cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes catalyze the production of pain mediators like prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) respectively from arachidonic acid. Introduction: The COX and LOX enzyme modulators are responsible for the major PGs and LTs mediated complications like asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, neuropathy and cardiovascular syndromes (CVS). Many synthetic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in the treatment have serious side effects like nausea, vomiting, hyperacidity, gastrointestinal ulcers, CVS, etc. Methods: The natural inhibitors of pain mediators have great acceptance worldwide due to fewer side effects on long-term uses. The present review is an extensive study of the advantages of plant-based vs synthetic inhibitors. Results: These natural COX and LOX inhibitors control inflammatory response without causing side-effect-related complicacy. Conclusion: Therefore, the natural COX and LOX inhibitors may be used as alternative medicines for the management of pain and inflammation due to their less toxicity and resistivity.

Implementation of a Surgery Congress for Medical Students to Learn Transversal Competences. A Case of Student-Led Teaching Activity

Background: A dynamic training approach close to clinical work and research is highly requested by health sciences students. The aim of this paper is to present the organizational model of a student-promoted and student-managed surgical congress that encourages the acquisition of transversal competencies among the students in charge of the organization of the Congress. Methods: A two-day surgical congress for medical students organized by themselves was held. Each day comprised two separate sections corresponding to different surgical specialties; sections included three types of activities: conferences, round tables with guest professors, and practical workshops. Once the Congress had finished, an online survey was carried out to evaluate 10 items scored from 1 to 4. To assess the acquisition of transversal competences among the students organizing the congress, three evaluations were carried out by the professor involved in the organization of the congress. Results: The congress had great acceptance among the students, filling 150 available places with an attendance rate of 100%. The survey showed a high assessment of the subjects (3.48/4), conferences (3.48/4) and workshops (3.27/4). Evaluation of the round tables was significantly lower (2/4). A total of 99% considered the congress to have been useful in its formation process and 100% would recommend it. The grade of transversal competences among the students organizing the congress showed a significant increase between the first and the third evaluation, being between 1.24 and 7.25 times higher. Conclusions: the student-led student surgical congress is a well-evaluated activity for medical students, and promotes, among its organizers, the acquisition of transversal competences.

The importance of agro-economic characteristics for minimal cassava processing: A review

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a crop of extreme economic and agronomic value because it has several varieties, it is highly nutritious and extremely important in the food industry in the generation of products for human consumption. The objective of the present study was to characterize the culture of cassava by means of its peculiarities, potential of the product called minimally processed cassava, to describe the methods used in the generation of this product to understand the dynamics of consumption of this product. Because it is a relatively easy crop and has low nutritional requirements, cassava is grown in most of the national territory, with a growing increase in production every year. The products generated from cassava are appreciated and sold in the national and international territory, the minimally processed cassava is among the products generated by this culture, of great economic value and of great acceptance in the consumer market. The work was carried out by means of a bibliographic survey that address relevant issues about cassava and generated products, mainly minimally processed table cassava to provide an assembled and relevant knowledge to the scientific community in agri-food technologies.

TECNOLOGIA DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁCIDO GIBERÉLICO NA MANUTENÇÃO DA COLORAÇÃO ESVERDEADA DO FRUTO LIMA ÁCIDA ‘TAHITI’ (Citrus latifolia)

A Citrus latifolia é uma planta de origem tropical e é conhecida como lima ácida. É uma fruta que depois de colhida não apresenta mudanças no sabor. Após a colheita dos frutos, a característica desejável é a casca verde, que tem grande aceitação no mercado. Os principais indicadores do ponto de colheita utilizados para a lima ácida são: coloração da casca; apresentação da superfície da casca (firmeza e sem ferimentos); tamanho da fruta e quantidade de suco. A utilização do ácido giberélico pode manter a coloração verde da casca da lima ácida, uma vez que atrasa a degradação da clorofila e o acúmulo de carotenoides, além de bloquear a perda da firmeza dos tecidos. Portanto, o objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a utilização de doses do ácido giberélico para a manutenção da coloração do fruto lima ácida ‘Tahiti’ (Citrus latifolia). Para a metodologia, foi utilizado o produto comercial ProGibb 400 (ácido giberélico), 1,6 g de ácido em 20 litros de água, adicionados 200 ml de álcool INPM – 49 GL 54°, atingindo um pH de 5,7 e frutos de lima ácida. Os frutos foram tratados com calda de ácido giberélico, em dois experimentos: no campo e em laboratório, acondicionadas em caixas plásticas. Em ambos os experimentos, foram usadas testemunhas. Após a aplicação do ácido giberélico, as plantas observadas no experimento que receberam o tratamento não apresentaram resultados diferentes em relação às testemunhas, ou seja, mantiveram o mesmo padrão das frutas testemunhas, mesmo depois da sua maturação. A utilização do ácido giberélico mostrou melhores resultados com o fruto não climatérico no tratamento pós-colheita, que mantive melhor qualidade. TECHNOLOGY FOR THE APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID FOR THE GREENISH COLOR OF THE ACID LIME FRUIT “TAHITI” (CITRUS LATIFOLIA) MAINTENANCE ABSTRACT Citrus latifolia is a plant with tropical origins known as acid lime. It’s a fruit that, after being harvested will not present any changes in its flavor. When the fruit is harvested the desirable appearance is of a green peel which has a great acceptance on the market. The main indicators of the harvesting point used for the acid lime are: color of the peel; presentation of the peel surface (firm and without injuries); size of the fruit and amount of juice. The use of gibberellic acid can maintain the greenish color of the acid lime peel, since it delays the degradation of chlorophyll and the accumulation of carotenoids, besides blocking the loss of firmness of the tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the use of doses of gibberellic acid in order to maintain the color of acid lime ‘Tahiti’ (Citrus latifolia) fruit. As a method, the commercial product ProGibb 400 (gibberellic acid) was used, 1,6g of acid for 20 liters of water, added to 200 ml of alcohol INPM – 49 GL 54°, reaching a pH of 5,7, and acid lime fruit samples. The fruit samples were treated with gibberellic acid syrup in both experiments: at the field and in the lab, placed in plastic boxes. In both experiments witnesses were present. After the application of gibberellic acid, the plants observed by the experiment which received the treatment did not show any results that were any different from the witnesses’, that is to say, they preserved the same standard of the witnesses’ even after their maturation. The use of gibberellic acid showed better results with the non-climacteric fruit in the post-harvesting treatment which preserved the best quality. Keywords: Lime. Gibbereline. Coloring.

Temporal variability of soil chemical properties under conventional and silvopastoral cultivation systems

In recent years, agroforestry and silvopastoral systems have been gaining ground in rural areas, especially due to great acceptance by the population of products from locations that preserve the environment, being able to produce food and preserve the natural resources. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal variation of the chemical attributes of the soil in pasture areas managed with silvopastoral system and full sun (monoculture). The areas were evaluated in 2011, 2014 and 2017. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Both systems presented reductions in the levels of organic matter over the evaluated period, reflecting the degradability of the material deposited in the soil. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the silvopastoral system (SPS) was more efficient in maintaining the organic component when compared with monoculture, despite not maintaining regularity in the levels of organic matter in the soil. As for the other chemical parameters, there were also changes, especially related to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). For P, low replacement via organic material from the pasture and/or native trees in the SSP system were observed, resulting in a marked reduction over time. As for K, the presence of the nutrient was critical in both studied systems and depths, showing low replacement through litter.

La pintura bajo el signo del Biopic

When Ricciotto Canudo asserted: “We need Cinema in order to create the total art towards which all the others, since the beginning, have tended. The Seventh Art reconciles all others in this way”, everyone did not know to what extent these words would transcend. Thereby, cinema is always interested in a lot of themes, and one of them is art and artists, for this reason, it is not surprising then that a large number of painters have had a biopic, and all this had a great acceptance by the general public, because what until that moment was in the history books, could now be visualized through the big screen.However, artworks are not, in principle, too attractive material to elaborate a narrative so, it is common that biographical films about these great creators to pay attention to their mood swings, their often difficult character and the historical context in which they moved. So that, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, El Greco, Caravaggio, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Goya, Turner, Renoir, Van Gogh, Rodin, Modigliani, Dalí, Picasso, Frida Kalho or Pollock and their respective films will be studied and analyzed in this investigation. Thus, we are able to recognize and bring the talent of each of them, and the circumstances in which some of his most famous works were developed.

Microbiological quality of artisanal and industrial ice creams sold in the south of Rio Grande do Sul

Ice creams have great acceptance and demand by consumers around the world. They are foods obtained through an emulsion of fats and proteins, these ingredients if stored or handled incorrectly can be the source of multiplication of several microorganisms. This work focuses on the microbiological analysis of artesanal and industrial ice cream in two times of the year (winter and summer), performed using the methodology adapted from Silva et al (2010) and the legislative microbiological standards used from RDC No 12 from Anvisa (Brasil, 2001). The main focus was the detection of microorganisms of importance in the food industry, as they are precursors of foodborne diseases epidemics, such as Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, molds, yeasts and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. It was observed in the analysis results that all 30 samples showed growth of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts, that only four (13.33%) did not have total coliforms and none had Salmonella. There was no great difference between the results of the analyzes of samples collected in the summer and winter, the level of contamination in general was high in samples from both seasons.

El parque del Buen Retiro de Madrid: valor patrimonial y uso ciudadano y turístico

After outlining the objectives, methodology and making brief allusion to concepts and laws in relation to the preservation of heritage in Spain, and the recent presentation of the candidacy “Paseo del Prado y el Retiro. Landscape of the Arts and Sciences” to the UNESCO World Heritage list, the article goes on to give a brief historical description of the evolution of the Retiro Park, since its origins, as a highly exotic Royalty Site in the heart of Madrid. An analysis of the park’sresources and the tourist and cultural activity offered in El Retiro is given together with the results of a survey carried out among visitors, showing the great acceptance of the site by residents and tourists alike but also highlighting the existence of certain management and information problems iwhich respectively affect the maintenance and use of this unique space.

Fuzzy Set Theory Applied to Accounting Sciences

Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic have been successfully developed in engineering and mathematics. However, these concepts have found great acceptance in social sciences in recent years since they provide an answer to those problems in the real world that cannot be modeled using classical mathematics. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for accounting science based on fuzzy triangular numbers. The methodology uses Hamming distance between fuzzy triangular numbers and arithmetic operations to evaluate corporate governance of multinational public stock corporations (PSCs) in the telecommunications sector.