scholarly journals Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Navroop Kaur Bajwa ◽  
Mahesh Madhukar Jingarwar ◽  
Anuradha Pathak

ABSTRACT Developmental defects of tooth enamel are not uncommon, both in the primary and permanent dentition. An example of idiopathic enamel defect is molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). The condition is defined as a hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors. The prevalence of MIH is reported to vary between 2.4 and 40.2% in normal child populations. Management consists of early diagnosis, prevention of caries or posteruptive breakdown and interception if caries or breakdown has already ensued. Management challenges include difficulty in obtaining adequate anesthesia, increased incidence of caries, early pulpal involvement and gross destruction of clinical crown of affected teeth. In young permanent teeth, semipermanent crowns like stainless steel crowns for posterior teeth and direct composite veneering for anterior teeth are the recommended solutions. How to cite this article Bajwa NK, Jingarwar MM, Pathak A. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):37-40.

Dental Update ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-553
Author(s):  
Yasmy Quintero ◽  
Manuel Restrepo ◽  
Jenny Angélica Saldarriaga ◽  
Alexandra Saldarriaga ◽  
Lourdes Santos-Pinto

Deciduous molar hypomineralization (DMH) is an enamel defect of systemic and multifactorial origin that affects the second deciduous molar. Currently, its treatment is based on guidelines for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), a disturbance that affects permanent molars and may or may not be associated with permanent incisors. To date, there are no guidelines for DMH. Therefore, three different therapeutic approaches are presented to treat DMH, emphasizing the relevance of early diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment options, and tailored to take into account each patient's and parents' specific needs, as well as the involved tooth, severity of DMH, patients' symptoms and behaviour. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To understand the clinical implications of DMH since the diagnosis and delayed treatment of this enamel alteration could have important complications in both the primary and permanent dentition.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Towle ◽  
Joel D. Irish

AbstractWe report the frequencies of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and, specifically, pitting enamel hypoplasia (PEH) defects in the teeth of Paranthropus robustus, for comparison with four other South African hominin species and three extant nonhuman primate species. Unlike LEH, the lesser known PEH is characterized by multiple circular depression defects across a tooth crown and is often difficult to interpret in terms of developmental timing and etiology. Teeth in all samples were examined macroscopically with type, position and number of defects recorded. Frequencies of teeth with LEH vary among hominin species, but the differences in PEH are considerable. That is, P. robustus has much higher rates of pitting defects, with 47% of deciduous teeth and 14% of permanent teeth affected, relative to 6.7% and 4.3%, respectively, for all other hominin teeth combined; none of the extant primate samples evidence comparable rates. The defects on P. robustus molars are unlike those in other species, with entire crowns often covered in small circular depressions. The PEH is most consistent with modern human examples of amelogenesis imperfecta. Additionally, the defects are: 1) not found on anterior teeth, 2) uniform in shape and size, and 3) similar in appearance/severity on all molars. A possible reason for this form of PEH is as a side effect of selection on another phenotype that shares the same coding gene(s), i.e., a genetic origin. Recent research on the ENAM gene provides one such possibility. Paranthropus likely underwent rapid evolution in the ENAM loci, with changes in this gene contributing to larger posterior teeth and thicker enamel. This same gene is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta; therefore, pleiotropy effects, relating to high selection on this gene during Paranthropus evolution, could have yielded this unique condition.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Guerra ◽  
Marta Mazur ◽  
Denise Corridore ◽  
Debora Pasqualotto ◽  
Gianna Maria Nardi ◽  
...  

Objectives. Detailed clinical quantification of optical properties of developmental defect of enamel is possible with spectrophotometric evaluation. Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are daily encountered in clinical practice. DDE are an alteration in quality and quantity of the enamel, caused by disruption and/or damage to the enamel organ during amelogenesis.Methods. Several clinical indices have been developed to categorize enamel defects based on their nature, appearance, microscopic features, or cause. A sample of 39 permanent teeth presenting DDE on labial surface was examined using the DDE Modified Index and SpectroShade evaluation. The spectrophotometric approach quantifiesL*(luminosity),a*(quantity of green-red), andb*(quantity of blue-yellow) of different DDE.Conclusions. SpectroShade evaluation of the optical properties of the enamel defect enhances clinical understanding of severity and extent of the defect and characterizes the enamel alteration in terms of color discrepancy and surface characterization.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Niloufar Khodaeian ◽  
Mahmoud Sabouhi ◽  
Ebrahim Ataei

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) has been defined as a group of hereditary enamel defects. It can be characterized by enamel hypoplasia, hypomaturation, or hypocalcification of the teeth. AI may be associated with some other dental and skeletal developmental defects. Restoration for patients with this condition should be oriented toward the functional and esthetic rehabilitation. This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a young patient diagnosed with the hypoplastic type of AI in posterior teeth and hypomatured type of AI in anterior teeth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Weider de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Gabriela Barbosa de Sá ◽  
Tarcísio Pinto ◽  
Gil Montenegro ◽  
Ismael Lucas Pinto

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a disorder of genetic origin, linked to the amelogenin gene, which presents developmental abnormalities in the quantity and quality of tooth enamel. The main clinical problems are the extensive loss of dental tissue, occlusal problems, impaired aesthetics, tooth sensitivity and gingival inflammation. This study described a clinical case and the approach in the treatment of a patient with AI, with gingival plastic surgery, porcelain crowns on the posterior teeth, porcelain veneers on the anterior teeth and application of botulinum toxin to correct the gingival smile. AI is an anomaly with complex development and early diagnosis is essential for the conduct and success of the case, to improve aesthetics and function, preserving the characteristic tooth wear.


1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Suckling ◽  
D.G.A. Nelson ◽  
M.J. Patel

Defects present in 12 human permanent teeth were classified on the basis of their macroscopic appearance as hypoplasia (three teeth), diffuse opacities (three teeth), white demarcated opacities (one tooth but two defects), or yellow demarcated opacities (five teeth but six defects). The hardness values and SEM appearance of the defective enamel were determined after the teeth were sectioned through the lesion(s) and were distinctive for each type of defect. The thin enamel of the hypoplastic lesions was either opaque (with reduced hardness values) or translucent (with near-normal hardness values and sometimes a change in prism orientation external to an incremental line). The enamel of the diffuse and demarcated opacities was of normal thickness. The changes in the macroscopic and SEM appearance, and the reduced hardness values of the diffuse patchy opacities, were restricted to the outer 150 μm of the enamel. The demarcated opacities varied in position and depth, and in places had a clearly marked boundary with the adjacent normal enamel. Hardness values were related to color change, with yellow lesions being softer than white. Although prism direction was normal within demarcated opacities, prism outlines were less distinct. The findings suggest that temporary and permanent dysfunction of ameloblasts can occur in both secretory and maturation phases, influencing the final appearance of the lesion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyam Jani ◽  
Olivier Duverger ◽  
Rashmi Mishra ◽  
Pamela A. Frischmeyer-Guerrerio ◽  
Janice S. Lee

Loeys-Dietz syndrome type 1 (LDS1) is caused by a mutation in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) gene. We previously characterized the oral and dental anomalies in a cohort of individuals diagnosed with LDS and showed that LDS1 had a high frequency of oral manifestations, and most affected individuals had enamel defects. However, dentin anomalies were not apparent in most patients in the cohort. In this cohort, we had identified dentin anomalies in a patient with LDS1, harboring mutation TGFBR1 c.1459C>T (p.Arg487Trp), and in this report, we present clinical and radiographic findings to confirm the dentin anomaly. The proband had gray-brown discoloration of most teeth typical for dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI). A radiographic exam revealed obliterated or very narrow pulp canals, with maxillary anterior teeth being affected more than the posterior teeth. The son of the proband, who also has the same mutation variant, had a history of DI affecting the primary teeth; however, his permanent teeth were normal in appearance at the time of exam. TGFBR1 is expressed by odontoblasts throughout tooth development and deletion of TGFBR1 in mouse models is known to affect dentin development. In this report, we present a rare case of abnormal dentin in two individuals with LDS1. These dental anomalies may be the first obvious manifestation of a life-threatening systemic disease and demonstrate the variable and multi-organ phenotypic effects in rare diseases.


Author(s):  
Amal Abdulrahman lutf Sharaf Al-deen ◽  
Hussein Mohammad Shoga Al-deen ◽  
Al-Kasem Mohammed Abbas ◽  
Ameen Abdullah Yahya Al-Akwa ◽  
Khaled A AL-Haddad ◽  
...  

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been recognized as a global dental disorder and concern about this pathology is growing among clinicians around the world. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perception of Yemeni dental practitioners in the city of Sana'a in relation to diagnosis, etiological factors and management of MIH. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire modified from similar previous studies was distributed to 311 Yemeni dentists providing oral health care in Sana'a city. The survey consists of two parts, the first is the demographic-occupational variables that was collected for the participants and the second part included questions related to perception of the diagnosis, possible etiological factors, severity of the condition and management, and the participants ’willingness for advance training in relation to MIH. Results: The overall response rate is (90%). The majority of respondents came across MIH in their practices (GDPs= 83.2%, SDPs= 90%).Yellow / brown demarcation is feasible as a common clinical symptom. The composite resin was the most used restorative material. The genetic factor was the most specific etiological factor. Most GDPs were significantly uncertain in the diagnosis of MIH compared to SDPs (P = 0.003). Most of the respondents (72.5%) had a low level of knowledge regarding MIH. Participants support the need to assess MIH occurrence and conduct clinical training. Conclusion: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common dental problem faced by dental practitioners in Sana'a City who have required clinical training regarding diagnosis, etiological factors and MIH management. Peer Review History: Received: 8 September 2020; Revised: 7 October; Accepted: 20 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Awad AbdAlaziz Mousnad, International University of Africa (IUA) and Sudan, [email protected] Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil,  [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DENTAL INFECTIONS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF MRSA IN ISOLATES CAUSES FOR EXTRACTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICES IN YEMEN SERO-PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG DENTAL CLINIC WORKERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN AND THE RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING FOR ITS INFECTION PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF STOMATITIS AMONG YEMENI DENTURE WEARERS


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 2084-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-An Shen ◽  
Runzhi Guo ◽  
Weiran Li

Objective This study investigated the prevalence, type, and location of enamel defects in the permanent teeth of patients with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP), and compared the prevalence and characteristics of defects between CLP patients and non-CLP individuals. Methods We examined completely erupted permanent dentition, except for third molars, of CLP patients and non-CLP individuals of both sexes, 9–36 years of age, and analyzed corresponding panoramic radiographs. Two independent examiners performed clinical examinations in accordance with the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel index. Results A total of 210 (87.9%) CLP patients and 194 (41.4%) non-CLP individuals had at least one enamel defect; these were more prevalent in the CLP group than in the non-CLP group. Upper teeth were primarily affected by enamel defects associated with the cleft; defects were most prevalent on the cleft side in CLP patients, followed by the non-cleft side in CLP patients, and then by non-CLP individuals. Conclusion Enamel defects were more common in CLP patients than in non-CLP individuals. Among CLP patients, enamel defects were more prevalent in the cleft side of the maxilla; the central incisor was the most commonly affected tooth in this quadrant.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Masakazu Hamada ◽  
Rena Okawa ◽  
Saaya Matayoshi ◽  
Yuko Ogaya ◽  
Ryota Nomura ◽  
...  

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder; affected patients may experience early exfoliation of primary teeth, especially anterior teeth. However, there have been few reports regarding longitudinal follow-up for primary teeth, especially posterior teeth, until their replacement with permanent teeth. Here, we describe a patient with HPP who underwent follow-up from 1 to 9 years of age. A 14-month-old boy was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of early loss of primary anterior teeth. He was diagnosed with odonto-type HPP by his pediatrician, due to low serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and early exfoliation of primary teeth with bone hypomineralization. The patient experienced exfoliation of three additional primary anterior teeth by 4 years and 1 month of age. Partial dentures were applied for space maintenance; there were no problems regarding subsequent replacement with permanent teeth in the anterior region. However, the primary mandibular right first molar appeared to be submerged when the patient was 8 years and 3 months of age; the severity of submergence was greater when the patient was 9 years of age. The affected primary molar was considered to be ankylosed; it was extracted when the patient was 9 years and 4 months of age. Histopathological analysis of the tooth revealed disturbed cementum formation, which is a typical characteristic of teeth in patients with HPP. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesize that the disturbed cementum formation could lead to susceptibility to early exfoliation of anterior teeth, as well as occurrence of ankylosis involving posterior teeth.


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