scholarly journals Knowledge, Practice and Attitude of Hepatitis B Infection and its Prevention among Nurses in a Tertiary Eye Care Center of Delhi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Shakti Kumar Gupta ◽  
Suman R Kashyap ◽  
Seema Sachdeva ◽  
Yangchen Dolma ◽  
Anita Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Knowledge Practice

scholarly journals Hepatitis B in children with leukemia: the role of primary immunization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
P. K. Aslam ◽  
A. Riyaz ◽  
V. T. Ajith Kumar ◽  
M. G. Geeta
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Children with cancer have a greatly enhanced risk of contracting hepatitis B infection due to immunosuppression secondary to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, frequent blood transfusions, bone and peripheral vein punctures, tissue damage and mucositis. During the past 3 decades, multimodality therapy for childhood leukemia has resulted in markedly improved survival. Inspite of screening and immuno prophylaxis, hepatitis B infection rates in children with leukemia are high. In view of this, we decided to study the prevalence of hepatitis B among children with leukemia in our institution, and the possible risk factors.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out at a tertiary pediatric care center in North Kerala among 104 children between 1 and 12 years of age on treatment for leukemia.Results: Among the 104 children, only 17 (16.3%) had received primary immunization against hepatitis B. Of the 87 children who had not received primary immunization, 44.8% (n=39) developed hepatitis B, compared to 11.8% (n=2) in the vaccinated group (p=0.01).Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of primary immunization against hepatitis B in children with leukemia, and the need for universal coverage.

Update in management of hepatitis B in pregnancy and prevention of mother to child hepatitis B transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naichaya Chamroonkul
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
World Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

Even with two decades of widespread using hepatitis B vaccination, chronic hepatitis B remains a major global health problem. In Thailand, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection was down from 8 - 10% in last decade to 5% recently. Failure to control mother to child transmission is one of the important barriers to the total elimination of hepatitis B infection from world population. In the majority, vertical transmission can be prevented with a universal screening program, immunoprophylaxis by administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) for babies born to mothers with HBV. However, in mothers with a high viral load, the chance of immunoprophylaxis failure remains high. To date, there are standard recommendations by all international liver societies including AASLD, EASL and APASL suggest introducing an antiviral agent during the third trimester to CHB pregnant women with a high viral load. Previous US FDA pregnancy category B agents such as Tenofovir and Telbivudine are allowed through all trimesters of pregnancy and are effective for prevention of mother to child transmission. Breastfeeding for patients who receive antiviral agents can be allowed after a risk-benefit discussion with the patient and family.

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