Opium Addiction: Practical Issues in ICU

Background: Antiretroviral medications have improved the survival and life quality of people living with HIV and turned HIV into a chronic controllable disease. However, the success of HIV treatment depends on many factors; the patient adherence is one the most important indicators which. In this study, we explored the potential barriers to an effective adherence antiretroviral therapy (ART) among the HIV-positive prisoners of Ghezelhesar prison, Iran. Methods: To explore and identify the barriers toward ART adherence, a focus group discussion was held with six prisoners eligible for ART but rejected to be treated or did not retain on ART. The prisoners were recruited through purposive sampling method. All the words, behaviors and even body languages were precisely recorded and analyzed to reach the final results. Results: The most reported obstacles toward ART adherence were the lack of trust in effectiveness of medications and drug complications. Other reasons were inadequate nutrition, lack of amenities, social stigma, lack of economic and psychological support, misbehavior of prison staff and inadequate methadone prescription for those with opium addiction. Conclusion: Due to the results and the fact that adequate Methadone prescription for opium addiction, improving life quality and receiving emotional and medical support from staff could improve adherence to HIV medication in prisoners, comprehensive education of prisoners about their health condition along with staff education may improve the life condition of HIV infected prisoners and may cause dramatic improvement in ART adherence and prisoners health.

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Association between the DRD2 A1 allele and opium addiction in the Iranian population

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics ◽

10.1002/ajmg.b.30117 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 134B (1) ◽

pp. 39-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Maria Shahmoradgoli Najafabadi ◽

Mina Ohadi ◽

Mohammad Taghi Joghataie ◽

Faraz Valaie ◽

Yasser Riazalhosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iranian Population ◽

Opium Addiction

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The effects of Opium Addiction on Thyroid and Sex Hormones in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Male and Female Rats

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) ◽

10.4183/aeb.2018.466 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 466-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G Asadikaram

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Opium Addiction

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The Prevention of Opium Addiction, with Special Reference to the Value of Galvanism for Relief of Neuralgic Pain

Boston Medical and Surgical Journal ◽

10.1056/nejm188505071121902 ◽

1885 ◽

Vol 112 (19) ◽

pp. 442-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. B. MATTISON

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Neuralgic Pain ◽

Opium Addiction

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Clusters of the Risk Markers and the Pattern of Premature Coronary Heart Disease: An Application of the Latent Class Analysis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.707070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Jahangiry ◽

Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽

Mahdi Najafi ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

High Probability ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Risk Markers ◽

History Of ◽

Opium Addiction ◽

The Mean

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality in the world with a significant impact on the younger population. The aim of this study was to identify prematurity among patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) based on the clustering of CHD risk factors.Methods: Patients were recruited from an existing cohort of candidates for CABG surgery named Tehran Heart Center Coronary Outcome Measurement (THC-COM). A latent class analysis (LCA) model was formed using 11 potential risk factors as binary variables: cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history of CHD, alcohol use, opium addiction, hypertension, history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and hyperlipidemia (HLP). We analyzed our data to figure out how the patients are going to be clustered based on their risk factors.Results: For 566 patients who were studied, the mean age (SD) and BMI of patients were 59.1 (8.9) and 27.3 (4.1), respectively. The LCA model fit with two latent classes was statistically significant (G2 = 824.87, df = 21, p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) age of patients for Class I and Class II was 55.66 (8.55) and 60.87 (8.66), respectively. Class I (premature) was characterized by a high probability of smoking, alcohol consumption, opium addiction, and a history of MI (P < 0.05), and class II by a high probability of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.Conclusion: Latent class analysis calculated two groups of severe CHD with distinct risk markers. The younger group, which is characterized by smoking, addiction, and the history of MI, can be regarded as representative of premature CHD.

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BODY IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY IN OPIOMANIA

Medical Immunology (Russia) ◽

10.15789/1563-0625-bir-2289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 781-784

Author(s):

K. K. Kulmukanova ◽

A. U. Baiduissenova ◽

E. A. Akhmediyarova ◽

A. A. Yktiyarov ◽

G. A. Bekniyazova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Number ◽

Neurological Status ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Immunological Reactivity ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Group I ◽

Opioid Drugs ◽

Therapeutic Measures ◽

Opium Addiction

Due to the general trend of changes in reactivity in many exogenous and endogenous diseases, more and more attention is currently being paid to changes in immunological reactivity in drug addiction. The expediency of assessing the state of immune mechanisms in opioid addiction is determined by the need to predict their course and outcome. The aim of the study was to study the immunological reactivity of the body in patients with opium addiction in a stage of abstinence. For this purpose, clinical and immunological studies were conducted in 80 patients who use opioid drugs. The duration of the disease ranged from 0.5-19 years. Of these, the disease duration is up to 3 years – 28 patients (group I), and over 3 years – 52 patients (group II). The number of subjects in the control group was n = 50. Authors carried out the assessment of the mental, narcological, somatic, and neurological status. In addition, they have studied the general clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters As a result of this study, it was found, that patients of group I had more pronounced T-lymphocytopenia. A persistent increase in the value of serum IgM was revealed both in the dynamics of abstinence and depending on the duration of the disease, which may indicate a strain on the humoral link of immunity in opium addiction. In addition, as the duration of chronic narcotization increases, there is a tendency to increase the relative number of B-lymphocytes. Thus, at the patients with opium addiction in a state of abstinence develop T-lymphocytopenia. Moreover, with an increase in the duration of the disease, an increase in the level of IgM by 2-2.6 times. The revealed changes in the immunological reactivity of the organism suggest the need to include immunocorrective therapy in the complex of therapeutic measures for opium addiction.

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Book Review: Opium Addiction in Chicago

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204267200200213 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 73-74

Keyword(s):

Opium Addiction

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Liquor and Opium

Inner Asia ◽

10.1163/22105018-12340007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 139-151

Author(s):

Tatyana Sorokina

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Regional Economies ◽

Difficult Situation ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

Historical Ethnography ◽

Mass Consumption ◽

Opium Addiction

This paper explores legal and illegal forms of trade along the China–Russia border in the Russian Far East in the early twentieth century as a case-study for understanding the relation between the state, regional economies and consumption desires.1 Mass consumption of illegally trafficked liquor and opium by frontier populations put China and Russia border officials into a difficult situation: Chinese authorities blamed the Russians for making opium-poppy planting possible on the Russian side; Russian officials in turn accused the Chinese authorities of provoking mass alcoholism and opium addiction among Russian settlers, which was viewed as a serious threat to Russia’s colonising project in the Far East. The article then shifts attention to the legal aspects of the ‘Liquor and Opium’ conflict resolution, not only on the local level but also involving central authorities. It also discusses the socio-economic context of such illegal forms of frontier economy and the symbiotic activity of border smugglers. Historical ethnography suggests that, despite the various prohibitions and official resolutions imposed, the authorities of both sides were aware of the fact that liquor and opium, which were objects of mass desire for Russians and Chinese respectively, had already made local border economies totally dependent on these products and interdependent on one another. Thus, paradoxically, strict adherence to the mutual official agreements would undermine local frontier economies.

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