Normal Embryo Development

2014 ◽  
pp. 1235-1235
Author(s):  
Kamini Rao ◽  
Divyashree PS ◽  
Bezar VV
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Normal Embryo

scholarly journals Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos Show Massive Dysregulation of Genes Involved in Transcription Pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunshen Long ◽  
Hanshuang Li ◽  
Xinru Li ◽  
Yongchun Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Cloning Efficiency ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Activation Of Transcription ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Genome Activation ◽  
Zygotic Genome

AbstractTranscription is the most fundamental molecular event that occurs with zygotic genome activation (ZGA) during embryo development. However, the potential association between transcription pathways and low cloning efficiency of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos remains elusive. Here, we integrated a series of RNA-seq data on NT embryos to deciphering the molecular barriers of NT embryo development. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that incomplete activation of transcription pathways functions as a barrier for NT embryos. Then, the gene regulatory network (GRN) identified that crucial factors responsible for transcription play a coordinated role in epigenome erasure and pluripotency regulation during normal embryo development. But in NT embryos, massive genes involved in transcription pathways were varying degrees of inhibition. Our study therefore provides new insights into understanding the barriers to NT embryo reprogramming.

Styrene impairs normal embryo development in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajapaksha Haddokara Gedara Rasika Wathsala ◽  
Silvia Franzellitti ◽  
Morena Scaglione ◽  
Elena Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Mediterranean Mussel ◽  
The Mediterranean

Mitochondria and vesicles differ between adult and prepubertal sheep oocytes during IVM

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Reader ◽  
Neil R. Cox ◽  
Jo-Ann L. Stanton ◽  
Jennifer L. Juengel
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽  
Storage Vesicle ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mitochondrial Number

Oocytes from prepubertal animals have a reduced ability to undergo normal embryo development and produce viable offspring. The correct quantity, activity and cytoplasmic distribution of oocyte organelles are essential for oocyte maturation, fertilisation and subsequent embryo development. The aim of this study was to quantify the ultrastructural differences between oocytes from prepubertal lamb and adult ewes using electron microscopy and stereology. We also determined whether quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods give comparable estimates of mitochondrial number to stereology. Mean storage vesicle volume was greater in adult compared with lamb oocytes before IVM and decreased during maturation in both adult and lamb oocytes. Mitochondrial volume and number increased in adult oocytes during maturation; however, no increase was observed in lamb oocytes. Mitochondrial DNA copy number measured by qPCR showed no differences between adult and lamb oocytes. A different distribution of mitochondria was observed in lamb oocytes before maturation, while the percentage of hooded mitochondria increased during maturation in adult oocytes and decreased in the lamb. In conclusion, the present study has identified differences in the vesicles and mitochondria between adult and lamb oocytes from ewes that may contribute to reduced developmental competence in prepubertal oocytes.

257. Activation of a calcium-activated chloride channel by paf is required for normal preimplantation mouse embryo development in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
M. L. Day ◽  
C. O.'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Cl Channel

Platelet activating factor (paf) is an autocrine survival factor for preimplantation embryo. Binding of paf to its receptor activates PI3kinase, causing an IP3-dependent release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores as well as activation of Ca2+ influx via a dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel. These actions result in the generation of a defined intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient in the 2-cell embryo[1]. By using combined whole-cell patch-clamp and real-time [Ca2+]i analyses, we have shown that paf also induces a concomitant hyperpolarisation of the membrane potential in 2-cell embryos, accompanied by an increased net outward ion current. Both the membrane hyperpolarisation and outward current were dependent upon the occurrence of the paf-induced [Ca2+]i transient[2]. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the paf-induced outward current in 2-cell embryos and to assess whether it has a role in normal mouse preimplantation development. We show that: (1) removal of extracellular anions or treatment with niflumic acid (NFA, 100 μM, a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel blocker) prevented activation of the outward current by paf but had no effect on the paf-induced [Ca2+]i transient; and (2) The culture of embryos with NFA (100 μM) from the 1-cell to late 2-cell stage significantly reduced their development to the blastocyst stage (P < 0.001), but treatment with NFA from the late 2-cell stage had no effect on development. The results show that paf induces an increase in [Ca2+]i which in turn activates a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel. The activity of this NFA-sensitive channel during the zygote to 2-cell stage is required for normal embryo development. (1) C. O’Neill (2008) The potential roles of embryotrophic ligands in preimplantation embryo development. Hum Reprod Update 14:275–288. (2) Y. Li, M.L. Day & C. O’Neill (2007) Autocrine activation of ions currents in the two-cell mouse embryo. Exp Cell Res. 313:2785–2794.

Normal Embryo Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 1472-1472
Author(s):  
Kamini Rao ◽  
Divyashree PS ◽  
Bezar VV
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Normal Embryo

PLCζ: a sperm-specific trigger of Ca2+ oscillations in eggs and embryo development

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (15) ◽  
pp. 3533-3544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Saunders ◽  
Mark G. Larman ◽  
John Parrington ◽  
Llewellyn J. Cox ◽  
Jillian Royse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Egg Activation ◽  
Sperm Factor ◽  
Mammalian Eggs ◽  
Mouse Eggs ◽  
Cytosolic Factor ◽  
Specific Trigger

Upon fertilisation by sperm, mammalian eggs are activated by a series of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations that are essential for embryo development. The mechanism by which sperm induces this complex signalling phenomenon is unknown. One proposal is that the sperm introduces an exclusive cytosolic factor into the egg that elicits serial Ca2+ release. The ‘sperm factor’ hypothesis has not been ratified because a sperm-specific protein that generates repetitive Ca2+ transients and egg activation has not been found. We identify a novel, sperm-specific phospholipase C, PLCζ, that triggers Ca2+ oscillations in mouse eggs indistinguishable from those at fertilisation. PLCζ removal from sperm extracts abolishes Ca2+ release in eggs. Moreover, the PLCζ content of a single sperm was sufficient to produce Ca2+ oscillations as well as normal embryo development to blastocyst. Our results are consistent with sperm PLCζ as the molecular trigger for development of a fertilised egg into an embryo.

Autotoxicity in isolated microspore cultures of Brassica napus

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kott ◽  
L. Polsoni ◽  
B. Ellis ◽  
W. D. Beversdorf
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
High Density ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Embryo Morphology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Effects of a suspected toxin in isolated microspore cultures of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., were observed in the reduced levels of embryogenesis and in altered embryo morphology. The toxin appeared to be generated by the cultured spores themselves. Inclusion of binucleate microspores in the cultures, along with younger, potentially embryogenic spores, was correlated with these negative effects and could be simulated by inoculation of embryogenic cultures with media generated from high-density cultures of older spores. Replacement of culture media 24 h after microspore isolation effectively reduced the levels of the autotoxins in the medium and allowed normal embryo development.

scholarly journals What Drives Embryo Development? Chromosomal Normality or Mitochondria?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Bayram ◽  
I. Elkhatib ◽  
A. Arnanz ◽  
A. Linan ◽  
F. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Screening ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Mtdna Copy Number ◽  
Fertility Clinic ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Objective. To report the arrest of euploid embryos with high mtDNA content. Design. A report of 2 cases. Setting. Private fertility clinic. Patients. 2 patients, 45 and 40 years old undergoing IVF treatment. Interventions. Mature oocytes were collected and vitrified from two ovarian stimulations. Postthaw, survived mature oocytes underwent fertilization by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were done using next generation sequencing (NGS). The only normal embryo among the all-biopsied embryos had the highest “Mitoscore” value and was the only arrested embryo in both cases. Therefore, the embryo transfer was cancelled. Main Outcome Measures. Postthaw survival and fertilization rate, embryo euploidy, mtDNA copy number, and embryo development. Results. In both patients, after PGS only 1 embryo was euploid. Both embryos had the highest mtDNA copy number from all tested embryos and both embryos were arrested on further development. Conclusions. These cases clearly demonstrate the lack of correlation between mtDNA value (Mitoscore) and chromosomal status of embryo.

Improvement of soybean somatic embryo development and maturation by abscisic acid treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lining Tian ◽  
Daniel C. W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Stage Embryo

Recovery of tissue culture-derived plants through somatic embryogenesis is a useful system for genetic engineering of soybean. The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on soybean somatic embryogenesis, development, and maturation was investigated. ABA at 1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µM were applied at different stages of embryo development; namely, at the globular stage in suspension culture, at the development stage and at the maturation stage on solid media. ABA promoted embryo growth and development when applied at the globular stage. Embryo size, after 15 d and after 1 mo on development medium, was significantly greater than that without exposure to ABA. ABA promoted normal embryo morphogenesis and 62% more normal embryos developed when embryos were treated with ABA at the globular stage. ABA treated-embryos showed an increased tolerance to partial desiccation (from 24% to 78%) and exhibited an increased germination capability relative to non-ABA-treated controls (54% versus 8%). Somatic embryos appeared to undergo a decreasing sensitivity to ABA during maturation. ABA did not show an effect when applied during embryo development and maturation stages. A protocol for more normal embryo formation and improved embryo germination is reported. Key words: Glycine max, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro culture

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