Leading MINURCAT to the Exit Door

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exit Door

Falling out of Trains

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Stuart O. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Engineering Study ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Passenger Trains ◽  
Interlock System

Approximately ten cases have been documented of people falling out of the side exit doors of moving passenger trains throughout the US. Most of these individuals were elderly passengers and the events usually happened late at night. Amtrak has classified most of these accidents as individuals with mental disorders or suicidal tendencies. Legal actions at the present time have been dismissed by the courts due primarily to the lack of any witnesses to the events. An investigation was conducted of a passenger car allegedly involved in one of these accidents. A number of recommendations were made including: 1) a systems engineering study of the problem, 2) an interlock system which would prevent the side exit door locking handle from being activated while the train is in motion, 3) an “All Green Board” at the engineer's station to indicate that all doors on the train are locked before starting the train, 4) a protective translucent cover installed over the regular door handle to indicate the criticality of opening this door, 5) a new warning sign on the exit doors which follows the ANSI standard, and 6) a training program, related to this dangerous situation, for all Amtrak operational personnel.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis of Dynamic Forces Created by Pedestrians Impacting Plate Glass at Different Speeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kravitz
Keyword(s):  
Impact Load ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Glass Panel ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Pedestrian Impact ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the effect of a pedestrian inadvertently impacting a glass panel adjacent to a glass exit door. The glass panel was full length and unmarked, violating the local building code and building commissioner directives. The defense argued that the old building code, to which the college building was constructed, was “grandfathered” and there was no violation. Initial witness and plaintiff statements indicated that the plaintiff was running when he struck the panel, which shattered and caused the plaintiff to incur injuries. The plaintiff testified later, in deposition, that he was walking when he struck the glass. The court needed to establish liability percentage, which is common in civil cases, and it was necessary to determine at what pedestrian impact speed the glass panel would break. The analysis used Timoshenko’s theory of vibration plates, Roark’s stress strain formulas, ergonomics, and human factors to estimate the impact load and stresses on the glass panel that caused failure.

scholarly journals Effects of Olfactory and Auditory Enrichment on the Behaviour of Shelter Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Amaya ◽  
Mandy B.A. Paterson ◽  
Clive J.C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Animal Bond ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Increased Activity

Shelter environments are stressful for dogs, as they must cope with many stimuli over which they have little control. This can lead to behavioural changes, negatively affect their welfare and downgrade the human‐animal bond, affecting re-homing success. Arousal is evident in their behaviour, particularly increased activity and frequent vocalisation. Environmental enrichment plays an important role in reducing arousal behaviour, either through direct physiological effects or by masking stressful stimuli. The present study focused on sensory environmental enrichment, using olfactory and auditory stimuli under shelter conditions. Sixty dogs were allocated to one of four treatments: three types of enrichment, Lavender, Dog appeasing pheromone (DAP) and Music, and a Control group. Stimuli were applied for 3 h/d on five consecutive days. Dogs exposed to DAP lay down more, and those exposed to Music lay down more with their head down, compared to the Control. Those in the Control stood more on their hind legs with their front legs on the exit door, compared to those exposed to Music and DAP, particularly if they had only been in the shelter for a short time. They also panted and vocalised much more than dogs in the three enrichment treatments, which tended to persist during the 4 h period post treatment, and in the case of vocalisation into the subsequent night. The study suggests that all three enrichments had some positive benefits for dogs in shelters, as well as being non-invasive and easy to apply in the shelter environment.

scholarly journals Study of Passenger Evacuation from the Airbus A330-300 Aircraft

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choochart ◽  
Thipyopas
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Program ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
The Times

This study is a simulation of the evacuation of the passengers from the Airbus A330-300 aircraft and the objective is the efficient evaluation of passenger evacuation and to find the most efficient evacuation format. The Pathfinder simulation program is used for this study. The study is divide into two parts. The first scenario of the evacuation from the aircraft is using all exit doors simulated in 4 formats of evacuation tests as follows: Format (1) evacuate freely. Format (2) evacuate divided by area. Format (3) evacuate which passengers are determined to evacuate to the nearest exit door. Format (4) evacuate which the number of passengers evacuating via each exit door is equal. The result of the simulations indicated that the evacuation times were 50.9, 79.4, 50.6, and 58.6 s, respectively. The most efficient evacuation was format 3 and insignificantly different from format 1. The second scenario is the evacuation which 1 left-side exit door is unavailable and is simulated in format 1–4 as same as the first scenario. The shortest time of the evacuation with exit door 1L, 2L, 3L, and 4L unavailable were 51.3, 58.5, 62.6 and 59.3 s, respectively. The most efficient format for the evacuation with exit door 1L unavailable was format 1 and 3 while format 1 was the best for the evacuation with any left-side exit door unavailable. Accumulation and density of passengers in the cabin were analyzed and evacuation formats were adjusted by seat row for finding the shortest evacuation period. The adjusted format was simulated again and the evacuation times with door 1L or door 4L unavailable can be slightly decreased and the times were 49.3 and 59.0 s. The simulation of these two scenarios found that the best way to use for the aircraft evacuation is to evacuate freely.

A New Stretcher Design for Easy Manoeuvrability on Narrow Staircases and Rough Ground for Developing Countries

1989 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
S K Guha ◽  
S Anand
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System Usage ◽  
Surgical Emergency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exit Door

Rough terrains with obstacles, narrow staircases and inadequate space to position the ambulance conveniently in relation to the exit door of houses, often encountered in developing countries like India, make it difficult if not impossible to carry patients using conventional stretchers. A novel two-wheeled stretcher to overcome the limitations has been designed, fabricated and tested for a decade. The special features allow even one stretcher operator to transport a patient over all types of ground, down staircases with landings so small as not to provide space for a regular stretcher to turn into and out from the ambulance. This wide range of facilities has been obtained by incorporating very simple and low-cost devices such as a metal guard over two wheels, friction belts and an ergonomically designed tie bar system. Usage in handling various medical and surgical emergency cases has proven the efficacy and acceptability of the design.

scholarly journals An Improved Simulation Model for Pedestrian Crowd Evacuation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial A. Muhammed ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Abeer Alsadoon ◽  
Nebojsa Bacanin ◽  
Polla Fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

<p>This paper works on one of the most recent pedestrian crowd evacuation models, i.e., “a simulation model for pedestrian crowd evacuation based on various AI techniques”, developed in late 2019. This study adds a new feature to the developed model by proposing a new method and integrating it with the model. This method enables the developed model to find a more appropriate evacuation area design, among others regarding safety due to selecting the best exit door location among many suggested locations. This method is completely dependent on the selected model's output, i.e., the evacuation time for each individual within the evacuation process. The new method finds an average of the evacuees’ evacuation times of each exit door location; then, based on the average evacuation time, it decides which exit door location would be the best exit door to be used for evacuation by the evacuees. To validate the method, various designs for the evacuation area with various written scenarios were used. The results showed that the model with this new method could predict a proper exit door location among many suggested locations. Lastly, from the results of this research using the integration of this newly proposed method, a new capability for the selected model in terms of safety allowed the right decision in selecting the finest design for the evacuation area among other designs.</p>

scholarly journals Passing through Open/Closed Doors: A Solution for 3D Scanning Robots

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Prieto ◽  
Antonio Adán ◽  
Andrés S. Vázquez ◽  
Blanca Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Planning System ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Architectural Models ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Global Planning

In this article, a traversing door methodology for building scanning mobile platforms is proposed. The problem of passing through open/closed doors entails several actions that can be implemented by processing 3D information provided by dense 3D laser scanners. Our robotized platform, denominated as MoPAD (Mobile Platform for Autonomous Digitization), has been designed to collect dense 3D data and generate basic architectural models of the interiors of buildings. Moreover, the system identifies the doors of the room, recognises their respective states (open, closed or semi-closed) and completes the aforementioned 3D model, which is later integrated into the robot global planning system. This document is mainly focused on describing how the robot navigates towards the exit door and passes to a contiguous room. The steps of approaching, door-handle recognition/positioning and handle–robot arm interaction (in the case of a closed door) are shown in detail. This approach has been tested using our MoPAD platform on the floors of buildings composed of several rooms in the case of open doors. For closed doors, the solution has been formulated, modeled and successfully tested in the Gazebo robot simulation tool by using a 4DOF robot arm on board MoPAD. The excellent results yielded in both cases lead us to believe that our solution could be implemented/adapted to other platforms and robot arms.

scholarly journals Tug of War at the Exit Door

Immunity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Dustin ◽  
Arup K. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Exit Door
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