ARTOPHORION IN AKŞEHİR NASREDDİN HOCA MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

The subject of the research is the artophorion exhibited in the Nasreddin Hodja Archeology and Ethnography Museum, registered at Selçuk Neighborhood, Ulucami Street No. 20 in Akşehir District of Konya. The bread and wine obtained from the eucharist, which is held on the last Thursday before Easter, are preserved in the Artophorions standing on the altar, one of the most important liturgical elements in the church. In this context, artophorions have a special importance. It was determined that the artophorion, whose architectural and general features were examined during the surveys carried out in 2019, has not been documented in any scientific study before. Within the scope of the study, photographs of the artophorion were taken, drawings were prepared and detailed descriptions were made. Artophorion; analyzed within the scope of material-technical, ornamentation, style and iconography features, and then evaluated comparatively with similar contemporary examples in Anatolia and outside Anatolia, especially in Konya. At the end of the study, a restoration proposal was presented by addressing the problems of preservation and exhibition of the artifact, which is exhibited in a glass panel in Akşehir Nasreddin Hodja Archeology and Ethnography Museum.

Simple Laminated Glass Panels with Embedded Point Connection under Short-Term Load

Glass is a very attractive material for contemporary architecture. The trend is to achieve a maximum transparency of structures; therefore it becomes common to use glass as a material for load-bearing structural elements. Glass facades, roofs, beams or columns are widely used in buildings. The problematic part of a glass structure design is the connection between the glass pieces or between the glass elements and substructures from another material (e.g. steel, concrete etc.). The connection must be capable of bearing the stresses performing during the lifetime period and it should be as unobtrusive as possible at the same time. The ongoing research at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague is focused on an embedded laminated point connection for glass structures. Within this research, the real-scale glass panels were tested. The samples consisted of two glass plies bonded with the EVA foil. For the undrilled ply, the float glass was used in all cases. The thermally toughened or the heat strengthened glass was used for the pre-drilled ply. There was one embedded steel countersunk bolt with HDPE liners placed in each corner of the sample. During the experiment, the samples were horizontally placed using the embedded bolts. The load-bearing capacity of the six tested specimens was determined. The load was applied in several loading and unloading cycles until the collapse of the first embedded connection. If the glass panel failed before the connection, the sample was completely unloaded and then the load was gradually increasing until the collapse of the connection. Vertical deflection and the stresses at two different points were measured during the loading cycles. The humidity and the temperature were also monitored. The experiment showed the way of collapse and a short-term load-bearing capacity of a laminated glass panel with four embedded point connections.

Nanoindentation Reveals Crosslinking Behavior of Solar Encapsulants—The Methodological Advantages over Bulk Methods

The power degradation and failure of photovoltaic (PV) modules can be caused by changes in the mechanical properties of the polymeric components during the module lifetime. This paper introduces instrumented nanoindentation as a method to investigate the mechanical properties of module materials such as polymeric encapsulants. To this end, nanoindentation tests were carried out on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) surfaces, which have been separated from the glass panel. Two types of time-dependent indentation cycle modes, the time domain (creep mode) and frequency domain (dynamic mode) were performed to determine the viscoelastic behavior. For each mode, a corresponding model was applied to calculate the main mechanical properties. The general capability of nanoindentation as cross-linking determination method is investigated with the methodological advantages over bulk mechanical characterization methods. A large number of Glass/EVA/Backsheet laminates were built using different lamination conditions resulting in different degrees of curing. Both indentation modes indicate good modulus sensitivity for following the EVA crosslinking in its early stages but could not reliably differentiate between samples with higher EVA branching. Additional dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) characterization was used as an established method to validate the indentation measurements. Both nanoindentation and DMA tensile mode produce similar quantitative viscoelastic responses, in the form of the damping factor parameter, demonstrated for three different frequencies at room temperature. A statistical study of the data reveals the advantages for the investigation of multilayer PV laminates by using nanoindenation as a surface method while also being applicable to field aged modules.

The Road to the Salvation of Mankind: Additions to the Series of Glass Designs by the Crabeth Brothers

The two newly-discovered drawings by the glass painter Dirck Crabeth presented here fit seamlessly into his series The Road to the Salvation of Man, which has long been known. The drawings are the design for the first episode, until recently known only as a glass panel, and the original of the second episode, the copy of which, along with two copies of other episodes are in Museum Catharijneconvent in Utrecht. Stylistic clues have made it possible to date Dirck Crabeth’s drawings and the corresponding surviving glass panels earlier, to around 1545-50. They share the thinking represented in a Lutheran series of prints by Frans Huys dating from around 1560 to a design by Gerard van Groeningen, which was discussed by Daniel Horst. An analysis of the career of the young Wouter Crabeth, his collaboration with Dirck and characteristics of their different styles demonstrates that the three copies in Utrecht could be by Wouter Crabeth, contrary to the recent attribution by Ilja Veldman to the Antwerp artist Pieter Huys, Frans’s brother, and in line with the previously held attribution to one of Dirck’s assistants.

Numerical Evaluation of Slender Glass Panel with Complex Geometry Subjected to Static Load and Soft-body Impact

Current standards and glass codes of design practice require that glazing used in architectural applications has to be resistant to, in addition to typical loads, also accidental events, in particular human impact, without showing damage that is disproportionate to the original cause. A case study was performed of an indoor glass lantern in a public building made from slender two-side supported glass panels with a complex geometry (36 ventilation holes). The paper provides structural assessments and results of in-situ experiments including static loading and soft body impact. Results from numerical simulations of impact loading on the glass panels complementing the experimental results are also presented.

Study on Mechanism of Glass Molding Process for Fingerprint Lock Glass Plates

Curved glass is widely used in 3C industry, and the market demand is increasing gradually. Glass molding process (GMP) is a high-precision, high-efficiency 3D glass touch panel processing technology. In this study, the processing parameters of fingerprint lock glass panels were deeply analyzed. This paper first introduces the molding process of the glass panel, discusses the glass forming device, and explains the heat conduction principle of the glass. Firstly, it introduces the forming process of the glass panel, discusses the glass forming device, and explains the heat conduction principle of the glass. Secondly, the simulation model of a fingerprint lock glass plate was simulated by MSC. Marc software. The stress relaxation model and structure relaxation model are used in the model, and the heat transfer characteristics of glass mold are combined to accurately predict the forming process of glass components. The effects of molding temperature, heating rate, holding time, molding pressure, cooling rate and other process parameters on product quality characteristics (residual stress and shape deviation) were analyzed through simulation experiments. The results show that, in a certain range, the residual stress is inversely proportional to the bending temperature and heating rate, and is directly proportional to the cooling rate, while the shape deviation decreases with the increase of temperature and heating rate. When the cooling rate decreases, the shape deviation first decreases and then increases. Furthermore, a verification experiment is designed to verify the reliability of the simulation results by measuring and calculating the surface roughness of the formed products.

Acrylic Panels Applications as Building Materials and Daylighting Devices

Enormous studies have been conducted to enhance the daylighting utilization in buildings either by direct lighting techniques, lighting reflection systems, lighting transporting systems, or by light tracking systems. The current research aims at evaluating acrylic panels as a light transmitting medium and studying their possible applications to bring natural light to inner spaces due to the lack of researches on acrylic sheets. Acrylic panels utilize the total internal reflection phenomena to convey the light for long distances. The research depended on real experiments and real measurements by using physical models with real dimensions. Many design variables had been studied like thickness, length, orientations and surroundings materials. The long-term measurements showed that acrylic panels could transmit light 8 times greater than the glass sheets, and the thickness of 20 mm for the acrylic glass panel, 30 cm collector length, 20cm diffuser length, with a steel surrounding on both sides show a great potential to transmit light up to 3493.3 lux at the diffuser during the peak hours in summer. While the results of the real size daylighting chamber show that the acrylic glass could transmit light up to 580 lux during the peak hours in summer. The study showed that the number and the distribution of acrylic glass panels in the space depend on the needed illuminance task levels. Moreover, the acrylic glass panels could be easily integrated with building materials in walls and roofs.